Health, Science, and Place: A New Model (Geotechnologies and the Environment Book 12)

The main focus of this monograph is synthesizing the importance of geographic approaches to public health and patient care. The chapters are organized into four themed sections: the role of geography in health care reform; the geographies of human health; geospatial data and technologies; and geography in medicine. It is a highly informative book, providing scientific insight for geographers with an interest in advanced geospatial applications and health research. The author is an international expert in geography, GIS, and public health, who recently co-edited a special issue on “Geospatial Applications in Disease Surveillance,” published in the __International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research__. Dedication 6 Preface 8 Contents 10 Part I: What Is the Role of Geography in Health Care Reform? 13 Chapter 1: Health Care Reform and Disease Surveillance: Making the Connection 14 1.1 Introduction 14 1.2 A Brief History of Health Care Reform in the United States 15 1.3 Role of HIEs in Population Health and Disease Management 18 References 21 Chapter 2: The Importance of Geography in Disease Surveillance 22 2.1 Introduction 22 2.2 A Brief History of Public Health Disease Surveillance in the United States 23 2.3 Geospatial Applications in Disease Surveillance: Current Opportunities and Challenges 26 References 30 Part II: Geographies of Human Health 33 Chapter 3: Using Geographic Information for Disease Surveillance at Mass Gatherings 34 3.1 Introduction 34 3.2 A Brief History of Disease Surveillance at Mass Gatherings 36 3.3 Important Public Health Risk Factors at Mass Gatherings 37 3.4 Using Geographic Intelligence to Improve Disease Surveillance at Mass Gatherings 39 3.4.1 Transportation and Population Geographies: Their Role in Disease Surveillance 39 3.4.2 Understanding Disease Ecology’s Contributions to Disease Surveillance 40 3.4.3 GIScience and the Spatial Turn in Disease Surveillance 41 References 43 Chapter 4: Geographical Representations of Patients and Their Health Conditions 47 4.1 Introduction 47 4.2 Representations of Patients and Their Health Conditions 48 4.3 Seeing Patients and Their Health Conditions Through the “Lens” of a Landscape 49 4.4 Understanding Minority Populations and Hidden Conditions with Qualitative and Quantitative GIS 51 References 52 Chapter 5: Data Privacy and Ethical Uses of Volunteered Geographic Information 56 5.1 Introduction 56 5.2 HIPAA Legislation and Patient Privacy Protections 58 5.3 Legal and Ethical Issues Concerning Volunteered Geographic Information 60 5.4 Collaborating Towards a Solution: New Use Cases for Volunteer Geographic Information 64 References 65 Part III: Geospatial Data and Technologies 67 Chapter 6: Collaborative Mapping 68 6.1 Introduction 68 6.2 Web 2.0, Web 3.0, and Mashups 73 6.3 Collaborative Mapping in Public Health 77 References 78 Chapter 7: Geospatial Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery 81 7.1 Introduction 81 7.2 Patient Protection Beyond De-identification 83 7.3 Exploring Geospatial Data Through Visualization 86 7.4 Geospatial Data Mining Applications in the Healthcare Industry 88 References 89 Part IV: Geography in Medicine 92 Chapter 8: Geographic Medicine 93 8.1 Introduction 93 8.2 Importance of Human Movements in Disease Transmission 95 8.3 Geographic Considerations in Human Movement 99 8.4 Linking the Global to the Local Through Mobility 100 References 101 Chapter 9: Geospatial Medicine 103 9.1 Introduction 103 9.2 Linking the Global to the Local Through Geography 106 9.3 Research Programs in Geospatial Medicine 107 9.3.1 Center for Geospatial Medicine 107 9.3.2 National Children’s Study 108 9.4 The Promising Future of Geospatial Medicine 109 References 111 Chapter 10: A New Model 113 10.1 Introduction 113 10.2 Importance of Geography in Health Care Reform 115 10.3 Engaging a New Model of Patient Care 116 10.3.1 International Organizations Use GIS to Eradicate Polio in India 116 10.3.2 Great Britain’s National Health Service Uses Area-­Based Analysis to Allocate Funds for Mental Health Services 120 10.3.3 Geospatial Intelligence Highlights Gaps in Patient Care in U.S. Regional Hospital Systems 120 10.3.4 Leveraging Knowledge of Geographic Variations to Alleviate Community-Level Emergency Room Overcrowding 122 10.3.5 Electronic Medical Records Incorporate Place Histories to Improve Patient Care 123 10.4 Concluding Remarks 124 References 125 Index 128 The main focus of this monograph is synthesizing the importance of geographic approaches to public health and patient care. The chapters are organized into four themed sections: the role of geography in health care reform; the geographies of human health; geospatial data and technologies; and geography in medicine. It is a highly informative book, providing scientific insight for geographers with an interest in advanced geospatial applications and health research. The author is an international expert in geography, GIS, and public health, who co-edited a special issue on "Geospatial Applications in Disease Surveillance," published in the International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research . "Health, Science, and Place is a well-intentioned overview of medical geography in the context of the ACA. Blatt does an excellent job synthesizing ecologic and geographic literatures with what we know about individual health, health care systems, and public health. ... this book fills a need in the field by offering a timely discussion of the ACA and medical geography." - Jennifer L. Moss, The AAG Review of Books, Vol. 4 (2), 2016 "Amy Blatt's pioneering new book on geomedicine and its exciting capacity to promote health and minimize risk is a robust call for understanding the role of geography for everyone's quality of life. In Health, Science, and Place: A New Mode , Dr. Blatt's contributions can be summarized in three categories: comprehensive analysis, creative curating, and targeted innovations... Overall, Dr. Blatt's Health, Science, and Place: A New Model is a pathbreaking book challenging all public health and health communication scholars and practitioners to explore vigorously the role of medical geography as a shining new bridge between geography and patient care." - John C. Pollock, PhD, MPA, Professor of Health Communication and Human Rights, and Faculty Affiliate in Public Health, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ Front Matter....Pages i-xi Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Health Care Reform and Disease Surveillance: Making the Connection....Pages 3-10 The Importance of Geography in Disease Surveillance....Pages 11-21 Front Matter....Pages 23-23 Using Geographic Information for Disease Surveillance at Mass Gatherings....Pages 25-37 Geographical Representations of Patients and Their Health Conditions....Pages 39-47 Data Privacy and Ethical Uses of Volunteered Geographic Information....Pages 49-59 Front Matter....Pages 61-61 Collaborative Mapping....Pages 63-75 Geospatial Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery....Pages 77-87 Front Matter....Pages 89-89 Geographic Medicine....Pages 91-100 Geospatial Medicine....Pages 101-110 A New Model....Pages 111-125 Back Matter....Pages 127-133 The main focus of this monograph is synthesizing the importance of geographic approaches to public health and patient care.℗l The chapters are organized into four themed sections: ℗lthe role of geography in health care reform; the geographies of human health; geospatial data and technologies; and geography in medicine.℗l It is a highly informative book, providing scientific insight for geographers with an interest in advanced geospatial applications and health research.℗l The author is an international expert in geography, GIS, and public health, who recently co-edited a special issue on ĺlGeospatial Applications in Disease Surveillance, ĺl published in the International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research The main focus of this monograph is synthesizing the importance of geographic approaches to public health and patient care. The chapters are organized into four themed sections: the role of geography in health care reform; the geographies of human health; geospatial data and technologies; and geography in medicine. It is a highly informative book, providing scientific insight for geographers with an interest in advanced geospatial applications and health research. The author is an international expert in geography, GIS, and public health, who recently co-edited a special issue on “Geospatial Applications in Disease Surveillance,” published in the International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research .