Health Care and Poor Relief in Counter-Reformation Europe

The role of religion was of paramount importance in the change of attitudes and approaches to health care and charity which took place in the centuries following the Council of Trent. Health Care and Poor Relief in Counter-Reformation Europe , examines the effects of the Counter-Reformation on health care and poor relief in Southern Catholic Europe in the period between 1540 and 1700. As well as a comprehensive introduction discussing issues of the nature of the Catholic or Counter-Reformation and the welfare provisions of the period, Health Care and Poor Relief sets the period in its social, economic, religious and ideological context. The book draws on the practices in different localities in Southern Europe, ranging from the Republic of Venice and the Kingdom of Naples to Germany and Austria. These examples establish how and why a revitalised and strenghtened post-Tridentine Catholic church managed to reshape and reinvigorate welfare provisions in Southern Europe. BOOK COVER......Page 1 HALF-TITLE......Page 2 TITLE......Page 3 COPYRIGHT......Page 4 CONTENTS......Page 5 LIST OF FIGURES......Page 7 LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS......Page 8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 9 1 THE COUNTER-REFORMATION AND WELFARE PROVISION IN SOUTHERN EUROPE......Page 10 Notes......Page 24 2 THE COUNTER-REFORMATION, MEDICAL CARE AND POOR RELIEF......Page 26 Notes......Page 41 3 COUNTER-REFORMATION, ECONOMIC DECLINE, AND THE DELAYED IMPACT OF THE MEDICAL REVOLUTION IN CATHOLIC EUROPE, 1550-1750......Page 48 Notes......Page 59 4 CHARITY AND WELFARE IN EARLY MODERN TUSCANY......Page 64 The French Disease, Companies of Divine Love and the new Orders......Page 65 Cosimo I de’ Medici and proposals for welfare reforms......Page 68 The hostel for abandoned boys......Page 71 Beggars......Page 72 Hospitals in Florence and Tuscany......Page 73 Conservatories for girls......Page 76 Charity and the Church......Page 80 Confraternities......Page 81 The new Orders and the poor......Page 82 Conclusion......Page 84 Notes......Page 86 5 'AD UNA SANCTA PERFETTION': HEALTH CARE AND POOR RELIEF IN THE REPUBLIC OF VENICE IN THE ERA OF THE COUNTER-REFORMATION......Page 94 Notes......Page 105 6 'A FOUNTAIN FOR THE THIRSTY' AND A BANK FOR THE POPE: CHARITY, CONFLICTS, AND MEDICAL CAREERS AT THE HOSPITAL OF SANTO SPIRITO IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY ROME......Page 108 Medical teaching and dissections at the Santo Spirito......Page 112 Medical careers at the Santo Spirito......Page 115 Drugs for the poor at the Santo Spirito......Page 119 Greedy women and the Papal finances......Page 123 Conclusions......Page 126 Notes......Page 127 7 ‘CRADLE OF SAINTS AND USEFUL INSTITUTIONS’: HEALTH CARE AND POOR RELIEF IN THE KINGDOM OF NAPLES......Page 140 Hospitals and religious renewal: the Incurables Hospital......Page 141 Hospitals and the Counter-Reformation......Page 142 Lay confraternities......Page 144 The Ministers of the Sick......Page 146 The monti: types and functions......Page 148 Community physicians and surgeons......Page 150 Poverty, public order and the state......Page 152 Notes......Page 154 Introduction......Page 160 A new perception of poverty in sixteenth-century Castile......Page 163 Poor laws and proposals on poor relief......Page 165 The ‘new hospitality’ of Miquel Giginta......Page 167 The ‘General Reformation’ of Pérez de Herrera......Page 170 Poor relief institutions......Page 172 Conclusions......Page 178 Notes......Page 179 Introduction......Page 186 The Crown of Aragon hospital system......Page 188 The Valencia General Hospital......Page 193 Notes......Page 202 10 POOR RELIEF IN COUNTER-REFORMATION PORTUGAL: THE CASE OF THE MISERICÓRDIAS......Page 210 Notes......Page 219 11 PERSPECTIVES ON POOR RELIEF, HEALTH CARE AND THE COUNTER-REFORMATION IN FRANCE......Page 224 Notes......Page 242 Introduction......Page 248 Self-help as the first and dominant strategy for coping with illness......Page 250 Institutions for indoor relief for the sick poor......Page 253 Institutions for outdoor medical care for the poor......Page 266 The penetration of Catholic reform into people’s minds and practices, as far as their attitudes towards the poor are concerned......Page 273 Survey and perspectives......Page 275 Notes......Page 278 13 HEALTH CARE AND POVERTY RELIEF IN COUNTER-REFORMATION CATHOLIC GERMANY......Page 288 Notes......Page 305 INDEX......Page 312 The role of religion was of paramount importance in the change of attitudes and approaches to health care and charity which took place in the centuries following the Council of Trent. Health Care and Poor Relief in Counter-Reformation Europe, examines the effects of the Counter-Reformation on health care and poor relief in Southern Catholic Europe in the period between 1540 and 1700. As well as a comprehensive introduction discussing issues of the nature of the Catholic or Counter-Reformation and the welfare provisions of the period, Health Care and Poor Relief sets the period in its social, economic, religious and ideological context. The book draws on the practices in different localities in Southern Europe, ranging from the Republic of Venice and the Kingdom of Naples to Germany and Austria. These examples establish how and why a revitalised and strengthened post-Tridentine Catholic church managed to reshape and reinvigorate welfare provisions in Southern Europe This examines the effects of the Counter- Reformation on health care and poor relief in Southern Catholic Europe in the period between 1540 and 1700