Health at a Glance 2007: OECD Indicators (Health at a Glance)

Provides the latest comparable data and trends on different aspects of the performance of health systems in OECD countries. It provides striking evidence of large variations across countries in indicators of health status and health risks, as well as in the inputs and outputs of health systems. For the first time, this publication also includes a chapter on new comparable indicators of quality of care, showing variations across countries in measures such as survival rates after heart attack, stroke and cancer. Foreword......Page 5 Table of Contents......Page 7 Introduction......Page 9 1. Demographic and Economic Context......Page 13 Definition and deviations......Page 14 Chart 1.1.3. Share of population aged 65 and over, 1960 and 2005......Page 15 Definition and deviations......Page 16 Chart 1.2.3. Mean age of mothers at first childbirth......Page 17 Definition and deviations......Page 18 Chart 1.3.3. Income inequality, Gini coefficient, mid-1980s, mid-1990s and 2000......Page 19 2. Health Status......Page 21 Definition and deviations......Page 22 Chart 2.1.4. Life expectancy at birth and health spending per capita, 2005......Page 23 Definition and deviations......Page 24 Chart 2.2.3. Trends in severe disability among the population aged 65 and over, selected OECD countries, 1980-2005......Page 25 Definition and deviations......Page 26 Chart 2.3.2. Potential years of life lost (PYLL), females and males, 2004......Page 27 Definition and deviations......Page 28 Chart 2.4.2. Stroke, mortality rates, 2004......Page 29 Definition and deviations......Page 30 Chart 2.5.4. Prostate cancers, mortality rates, males, 2004......Page 31 Definition and deviations......Page 32 Chart 2.6.4. Change in road accident mortality rates, 1970-2004 (or nearest year)......Page 33 Definition and deviations......Page 34 Chart 2.7.4. Trends in suicide rates, selected OECD countries, 1980-2004......Page 35 Definition and deviations......Page 36 Chart 2.8.3. Infant mortality rates, 1970-2005......Page 37 Definition and deviations......Page 38 Chart 2.9.4. Low birth weight and infant mortality, 2005......Page 39 Definition and deviations......Page 40 Chart 2.10.4. Average number of decayed, missing, or filled teeth, 12-years-old children, and dentists per 1 000 population, 2003......Page 41 Definition and deviations......Page 42 Chart 2.11.3. Trends in the percentage of adults reporting to be in good health, selected OECD countries, 1980 to 2005......Page 43 Definition and deviations......Page 44 Chart 2.12.2. Trends in AIDS incidence rates, 1980-2005......Page 45 3. Non-medical Determinants of Health......Page 47 Definition and deviations......Page 48 Chart 3.1.4. Tobacco consumption, 1980 and incidence of lung cancer, 2002......Page 49 Definition and deviations......Page 50 Chart 3.2.4. Liver cirrhosis deaths, 2004 and alcohol consumption, 1990......Page 51 Definition and deviations......Page 52 Chart 3.3.3. Increasing obesity rates among the adult population in OECD countries......Page 53 4. Health Care Resources and Utilisation......Page 55 Definition and deviations......Page 56 Chart 4.1.4. Number of nursing graduates per 1 000 nurses, selected countries, 1985 to 2005......Page 57 Definition and deviations......Page 58 Chart 4.2.4. Real health expenditure per practising physician, 1990 to 2005......Page 59 Definition and deviations......Page 60 Chart 4.3.3. Ratio of practising nurses to practising physicians, 1990 to 2005 (or nearest year)......Page 61 Definition and deviations......Page 62 Chart 4.4.3. Hospital nurses’ remuneration, ratio to GDP per capita, 2005 (or latest year available)......Page 63 Definition and deviations......Page 64 Chart 4.5.2. Occupancy rate of acute care hospital beds, 1990 and 2005......Page 65 Definition and deviations......Page 66 Chart 4.6.3. Rising expenditure per long-term care bed in nursing homes, 1995 to 2005......Page 67 Definition and deviations......Page 68 Chart 4.7.4. Radiation therapy equipment, number per million population, 2005 (or latest year available)......Page 69 Definition and deviations......Page 70 Chart 4.8.4. Average annual growth rate in number of consultations per physician, 1990 to 2005......Page 71 Definition and deviations......Page 72 Chart 4.9.4. Hospital discharges for circulatory disease per 1 000 population, 1995 and 2005......Page 73 Definition and deviations......Page 74 Chart 4.10.3. Average length of stay for normal delivery, 2005 (or latest year available)......Page 75 Definition and deviations......Page 76 Chart 4.11.2. Coronary angioplasty as a percentage of total revascularisation procedures, 1990-2004......Page 77 Definition and deviations......Page 78 Chart 4.12.4. Prevalence of patients living with a functioning kidney transplant, 1985 to 2005 (or nearest year)......Page 79 Definition and deviations......Page 80 Chart 4.13.2. Rise in caesarean sections per 100 live births, 1990 to 2004......Page 81 Definition and deviations......Page 82 Chart 4.14.2. Share of cataract surgeries carried out as day cases, 1997 and 2004......Page 83 Definition and deviations......Page 84 Chart 4.15.4. Antibiotics consumption, DDD per 1 000 people per day, 2000 and 2005......Page 85 5. Health Expenditure and Financing......Page 87 Definition and deviations......Page 88 Chart 5.1.3. Annual average growth in real per capita expenditure on health and GDP, 1995 to 2005......Page 89 Definition and deviations......Page 90 Chart 5.2.4. Health expenditure per capita and GDP per capita, 2005......Page 91 Definition and deviations......Page 92 Chart 5.3.3. Share of public expenditure allocated to public health and prevention, 2005......Page 93 Definition and deviations......Page 94 Chart 5.4.3. Real annual growth in pharmaceutical spending and total health expenditure per capita, 1995-2005......Page 95 Definition and deviations......Page 96 Chart 5.5.3. Out-of-pocket and private health insurance spending as a share of total health expenditure, 2005......Page 97 Definition and deviations......Page 98 Chart 5.6.3. Coverage by different private health insurance types in selected countries, 2005 (or latest year available)*......Page 99 6. Quality of Care......Page 101 Introduction......Page 102 Care for cancer (see Indicators 6.3, 6.4 and 6.5)......Page 103 Interpretation and use of the data......Page 104 Future priority areas......Page 105 Definition and deviations......Page 106 Chart 6.1.4. In-hospital case-fatality rates within 30 days after admission for AMI and coronary artery bypass graft surgery rates, 2005......Page 107 Definition and deviations......Page 108 Chart 6.2.4. In-hospital case-fatality rates within 30 days after admission for ischemic stroke and number of CT scanners, 2005......Page 109 Definition and deviations......Page 110 Chart 6.3.2. Colorectal cancer, five-year relative survival rates, by gender, latest period available......Page 111 Definition and deviations......Page 112 Chart 6.4.4. Breast cancer, five-year relative survival rates and number of radiation therapy units (assessed two years earlier where available)......Page 113 Definition and deviations......Page 114 Chart 6.5.3. Cervical screening rates, percentage of women aged 20-69 screened, 2005......Page 115 Definition and deviations......Page 116 Chart 6.6.3. Asthma mortality rates, population aged 5-39 and adult asthma admission rates, population aged 18+, 2005......Page 117 Definition and deviations......Page 118 Chart 6.7.2. Retinal exams in diabetics, 2005 (or latest year available) and diabetes prevalence, 2003......Page 119 Definition and deviations......Page 120 Chart 6.8.2. Increasing rates of influenza vaccination among people aged 65 and over, 1996 to 2005......Page 121 Definition and deviations......Page 122 Chart 6.9.2. Vaccination rates for measles, children aged two, and incidence of measles among the total population, 2005......Page 123 Bibliography......Page 125 Table A.1.1a. Total population, mid-year, thousands, 1960 to 2005......Page 135 Table A.1.1b. Share of the population aged 65 and over, 1960 to 2005......Page 136 Table A.1.2. Fertility rate, number of children per woman 15-49, 1960 to 2005......Page 137 Table A.1.3. GDP per capita in 2005 and annual average growth rates, 1970 to 2005......Page 138 Table A.2.1a. Life expectancy at birth, total population, 1960 to 2005......Page 139 Table A.2.1b. Life expectancy at birth, females, 1960 to 2005......Page 140 Table A.2.1c. Life expectancy at birth, males, 1960 to 2005......Page 141 Table A.2.2a. Life expectancy at age 65, females, 1960 to 2005......Page 142 Table A.2.2b. Life expectancy at age 65, males, 1960 to 2005......Page 143 Table A.2.3a. Potential years of life lost (PYLL), all causes, females, 1970 to 2004......Page 144 Table A.2.3b. Potential years of life lost (PYLL), all causes, males, 1970 to 2004......Page 145 Table A.2.4. Ischemic heart disease and stroke, age-standardised mortality rate, per 100 000 females, males and total population, 1980 and 2004......Page 146 Table A.2.5a. All cancers, age-standardised mortality rate, per 100 000 females, males and total population, 1960, 1980 and 2004......Page 147 Table A.2.5b. Lung cancers, age-standardised mortality rate, per 100 000 females, males and total population, 1960, 1980 and 2004......Page 148 Table A.2.5c. Breast and prostate cancers, age-standardised mortality rates, 1960, 1980 and 2004......Page 149 Table A.2.6. Road accidents, age-standardised mortality rates per 100 000 population, 1960 to 2004......Page 150 Table A.2.7. Suicides, age-standardised mortality rates per 100 000 population, 1960 to 2004......Page 151 Table A.2.8. Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1 000 live births, 1970 to 2005......Page 152 Table A.2.9. Low birth weight, percentage of total live births, 1980 to 2005......Page 153 Table A.2.10. Average number of decayed, missing and filled teeth, 12-years-old children, 1980 to 2003......Page 154 Table A.2.12. AIDS incidence rates, per million population, 1985 to 2005......Page 155 Table A.3.1. Tobacco consumption, daily smokers, population aged 15 and over, 1980 to 2005......Page 156 Table A.3.2. Alcohol consumption in litres per capita, population aged 15 years and over, 1960 to 2005......Page 157 Table A.3.3. Overweight or obesity rates, population aged 15 and over, latest year available......Page 158 Table A.4.1a. Number of medical graduates, per 1 000 physicians, 1985 to 2005......Page 159 Table A.4.1b. Number of nursing graduates, per 1 000 nurses, 1985 to 2005......Page 160 Table A.4.2. Density of practising physicians per 1 000 population, 1970 to 2005......Page 161 Table A.4.3. Density of practising nurses per 1 000 population, 1970 to 2005......Page 162 Table A.4.4a. Remuneration of specialists, salaried and self-employed, ratio to GDP per capita......Page 163 Table A.4.4b. Remuneration of general practitioners, salaried and self-employed, ratio to GDP per capita......Page 164 Table A.4.4c. Remuneration of salaried hospital nurses, ratio to GDP per capita......Page 165 Table A.4.5a. Acute care hospital beds per 1 000 population, 1980 to 2005......Page 166 Table A.4.5b. Occupancy rate of acute care hospital beds, in percentage, 1980 to 2005......Page 167 Table A.4.6. Long-term care beds in hospitals and nursing homes, per 1 000 population aged 65 and over, 1995, 2000 and 2005......Page 168 Table A.4.7a. Medical technologies: number of CT scanners and MRI units per million population, 1990 to 2005......Page 169 Table A.4.7b. Medical technologies: number of mammographs and radiation therapy equipment per million population, 1990 to 2005......Page 170 Table A.4.8. Doctors consultations per capita, 1980 to 2005......Page 171 Table A.4.9a. Hospital discharge rates for all causes, per 100 000 population, 1990 to 2005......Page 172 Table A.4.9b. Hospital discharge rates for selected causes, per 100 000 population, 1995 to 2005......Page 173 Table A.4.10a. Average length of stay for acute care, all conditions, in days, 1990 to 2005......Page 174 Table A.4.10b. Average length of stay, specific conditions, in days, 1995 to 2005......Page 175 Table A.4.11. Cardio-vascular surgeries, per 100 000 population, 1990 to 2005......Page 176 Table A.4.13. Caesarean sections per 100 live births, 1990 to 2005......Page 177 Table A.4.14. Number of cataract surgeries, inpatient and day cases, per 100 000 population, 1995 to 2005......Page 178 Table A.5.1a. Total expenditure on health per capita, USD PPP, 1980 to 2005......Page 179 Table A.5.1b. Public expenditure on health per capita, USD PPP, 1980 to 2005......Page 180 Table A.5.1c. Growth of total and public expenditure on health per capita, compared to GDP per capita growth, in real terms, 1995 to 2005......Page 181 Table A.5.1d. Annual growth rate of total expenditure on health per capita, in real terms, 1995 to 2005......Page 182 Table A.5.1e. Annual growth rate of public expenditure on health per capita, in real terms, 1995 to 2005......Page 183 Table A.5.2a. Total expenditure on health, percentage of GDP, 1980 to 2005......Page 184 Table A.5.2b. Public expenditure on health, percentage of GDP, 1980 to 2005......Page 185 Table A.5.3. Current health expenditure by function of health care, 2005......Page 186 Table A.5.4a. Pharmaceutical expenditure per capita, 2005 and average annual growth rate per capita, in real terms, 1995 to 2005......Page 187 Table A.5.4b. Pharmaceutical expenditure as a share of total health expenditure and GDP, 1980 to 2005......Page 188 Table A.5.5. Health expenditure by type of financing, 2005......Page 189 Table A.5.6a. Total public coverage, percentage of total population, 1970 to 2005......Page 190 Table A.5.6b. Total private coverage by coverage type, percentage of total population, 2005 (or latest year available)......Page 191 Table A.6.4. Breast cancer survival rate and surgical procedures per 100 000 women, 2005 (or latest year available)......Page 192 Annex B. Definition of Health Expenditure and Methodological Notes on Data Comparability......Page 193 Annex C. List of Variables in OECD Health Data 2007......Page 195 Annex D. Disease and Injury Categories and ICD Codes......Page 196