Headhood, Elements, Specification and Contrastivity: Phonological papers in honour of John Anderson (Current Issues in Linguistic Theory)

The papers in this volume focus on notions which are central to the work of John M. Anderson – the founder of Dependency Phonology – and to phonological theory: the idea of structural analogy between phonology and syntax; the head/dependent relation; the idea that phonological representations are best conceived of in terms of a set of privative elements (rather than as binary-valued features); and the related notions of contrastivity and specification (and non-specification). An important issue dealt with is the relationship between specification and derivationality, and the question whether derivations are necessary in phonological theory. Many of the contributions provide sound empirical support for the appeal to elements and to headhood at all levels of phonological analysis. The book will be of interest to anyone interested in current issues in phonological theory. CILT 259 HEADHOOD, ELEMENTS, SPECIFICATION AND CONTRASTIVITY 2 Editorial page 3 Tiitle page 4 LCC data 5 Contents 6 John M. Anderson. A brief profile of the man and his career in linguistics 8 John M. Anderson: Publications 1968-2004 16 List of contributors 28 Introduction. The structure of phonological representations 30 Philip Carr, Jacques Durand and Colin J. Ewen 30 Salience, headhood and analogies 44 Philip Carr 44 1. Introduction 44 2. Anderson and the generative tradition 45 3. Structural analogy 47 4. An analogy between phonology and semantics 52 5. Salience and individual pathways in acquisition 56 6. Conclusion 59 Old English I-umlaut: A unitary sound change? 60 Fran Colman 60 1. Background 60 2. West Saxon IU formulated 67 3. West Saxon IU reformulated 72 4. Anglian IU 82 5. Kentish IU 88 6. Conclusion 91 Old English breaking and syllable structure 92 Mike Davenport 92 1. Introduction 92 2. Old English Breaking: an outline 92 3. The OEB environments 94 4. The OEB environment and syllable structure 96 5. Double trouble: OEB and geminates 101 6. Double or quits: word-final /x/ again 103 Tense/Lax, the vowel system of English and phonological theory 106 Jacques Durand 106 1. Introduction 106 2. Three approaches to vowel systems: a brief historical sketch 107 3. Tense/lax in English and phonetic evidence 113 4. Revisiting length in English 117 5. Is there a place for the feature tense/lax in English? 124 6. Conclusion 125 Headedness and defective distributions in Polish 128 Edmund Gussmann 128 Vowel reduction as information loss 148 John Harris 148 1. Introduction 148 2. Centrifugal and centripetal reduction 149 3. Vowel reduction in functional Optimality Theory 151 4. Vowel reduction as information loss in the speech signal 154 5. Vowel reduction as information loss in phonology 156 6. Teleology of vowel reduction: attention vs. effort 160 Tone and dependency in Yorùbá 162 Phil Harrison 162 1. Introduction 162 2. [L] and phonetic signatures 164 3. Yorùbá prosodic constituents 169 4. The form and content of Yorùbá nuclear domains 175 5. Typological context: other languages and universality 187 6. The sound of prosody 192 Sharing makes us stronger 196 Patrick Honeybone 196 1. Introduction 196 2. Prosody, melody and segmental structure 198 3. Processes, environments, inhibition and strength 202 4. Lenition inhibition: generalisations and proposals 205 5. Case studies of process inhibition 209 6. Conclusions 221 The molecular structure of phonological segments 222 Harry van der Hulst 222 1. Introduction 222 2. Manner 230 3. Place 243 4. Laryngeal 246 5. Nasality 251 6. Incomplete structures 253 7. Complex segments 257 8. Some correspondences with Government Phonology 258 9. Conclusions 260 Appendices 261 Representation and the role of underspecification in declarative phonology 264 Ken Lodge 264 1. Introduction 264 2. Declarative Phonology 266 3. Spin-offs underspecification 271 4. Postscript 283 Heads I win, tails you lose 284 April McMahon 284 1. Optimality Theory: an embarrassment of riches 284 2. Prosody, melody and evolution 288 3. Extending the argument: prosody, melody and acquisition 293 4. Prosodic conditioning of melody and melodic conditioning of prosody 299 5. An evolutionary perspective 301 How a phonological theory of headedness can account for strong vs. weak phonetic alternants 306 Nancy A. Ritter 306 1. Introduction 306 2. v and its phonetic realisations around the world 308 3. Hungarian v: a case study for Head-Driven Phonology 328 4. Conclusions 341 The aperture particle |a| its role and functions 342 Sanford Schane 342 1. The elements of particle phonology 343 2. Some vowel systems 344 3. The functions of |a| 348 4. Some vowel processes affecting height, laxness and RTR 352 5. Particle phonology and markedness 359 6. Conclusion 365 Towards a Taw-based phonological representation of place 368 Jørgen Staun 368 1. Preamble: aims and assumptions 368 2. The basic components 370 3. The vowel space 372 4. Consonantal place 381 5. Closing remarks 395 References 398 Language index 422 Name index 424 Subject index 430 The Series Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 436 John M. Anderson : A Brief Profile Of The Man And His Career In Linguistics / Jacques Durand -- John M. Anderson : Publications, 1968-2004 -- Introduction : The Structure Of Phonological Representations / Philip Carr, Jacques Durand And Colin J. Ewen -- Salience, Headhood And Analogies / Philip Carr -- Old English I-umlaut : A Unitary Sound Change? : Dependency, Contrast And Non-specification / Fran Colman -- Old English Breaking And Syllable Structure / Mike Davenport -- Tense/lax, The Vowel System Of English And Phonological Theory / Jacques Durand -- Headedness And Defective Distributions In Polish / Edmund Gussmann -- Vowel Reduction As Information Loss / John Harris -- Tones And Dependency In Yoruba / Phil Harrison. Edited By Philip Carr, Jacques Durand, Colin J. Ewen. Includes Bibliographical References (p. [369]-392) And Indexes.