Headache and Migraine in Practice

Headache and Migraine in Practice provides practical and precise approaches to the headaches and facial pains commonly encountered in hospitals and clinics. The book pays specific attention to the clinical features of headaches to present treatment solutions, while also recommending ICHD3 differential diagnoses based on diagnostic criteria. Topics covered were developed by colleagues with expertise in Neurology, Nutrition, Psychiatry, Physical Medicine, and Sports Medicine, thus providing a collaborative authorship that adds interdisciplinary value. Sections cover the diagnosis and treatment of various types of headaches in children, the elderly and women during different periods of pregnancy, lactation and hormone-related stages. This book is recommended for general practitioners, internists, neurologists, headache nurse specialists, and all others who would like to contribute to better diagnoses and more effective treatment plans for patients with headaches and facial pains. Provides practical guidance on the diagnosis and treatment of different primary and secondary headaches Includes classifications of headaches according to the latest international headache standards Covers a variety of migraine and headache types, as well as disorders affecting cervical structures and cranial nerves Front Cover HEADACHE AND MIGRAINE IN PRACTICE HEADACHE AND MIGRAINE IN PRACTICE Copyright Dedication Contents Contributors Editor-in-chief Acknowledgment Introduction One - Approach to a patient with headache Introduction ICHD classifies HA disorders into two types History taking in patients with headache What was your age when HA started? What is the time course of HA? How long have you been having HA? How does it start and how long does it take from onset to peak? What is the frequency and duration of episodes? Have you experienced a recent change in the pattern of HAs? Have you ever had similar HAs before? Where is the location of pain and where does it radiate to? What is the quality of pain? How does the patient score the pain severity? What are the accompanying symptoms with HA? Do you have premonitory symptoms before the onset of HA? How is the patient's behavior during the pain episode? Do episodes of HA occur at particular times in the day or year? Do the HA episodes awaken the patient from sleep? Is HA related to postural change? Has there been a change in behavior or personality? Does the patient have a family history of migraine or neurologic disorders? Does the patient have one or more types of HA? Is there a history of head or neck trauma? Is HA related to cough or Valsalva maneuver and how? Is HA related to exertion and how? Is HA related to sexual activity and how? Is there history of systemic diseases? What is the amount of analgesics the patient consumes in a week? What are the personal habits and lifestyle? Did the HA start during pregnancy or postpartum period? Physical examination in patients with headache Imaging in HA Laboratory and other investigations in headache References Two - Migraine Introduction Red flags for aura symptoms Important notes Migraine with brainstem aura Hemiplegic migraine Retinal migraine Periodic syndromes associated with migraine Migraine triggers and their management Treatment of acute migraine attack Mild to moderate headache Moderate to severe headache Status migrainosus treatment Treatment of severe headache in emergency setting Prophylactic treatment of migraine Key points on preventive treatment Guidelines for stopping preventive therapy Chronic migraine Treatment of chronic migraine Migraine and vertigo Introduction Vertigo and headache, different types Meniere's disease and migraine References Three - Tension-type headache Introduction Classification Pathophysiology Signs and symptoms TTH in children TTH in the elderly Aggravating factors Diagnosis Acute treatment Prophylactic treatment Nonpharmacological TTH treatments Electromyographic biofeedback Cognitive-behavioral therapy Relaxation training Other physical therapies Acupuncture References Further reading Four - Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia Introduction Cluster headache Paroxysmal hemicrania Hemicrania continua Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache References Five - Other primary headaches Treatment Introduction Primary stabbing headache Treatment Primary exercise headache Primary cough headache Treatment Headache associated with sexual activity Treatment Cold stimulus headache External pressure headache Nummular headache Treatment References Hypnic headache Epidemiology Clinical manifestations Pathophysiology Diagnosis ICHD-3B diagnostic criteria Differential diagnosis Treatment Acute treatment [3,9]: Preventive treatment References New daily persistent headache Epidemiology Pathophysiology Clinical manifestations Diagnosis Evaluation Treatment Prognosis References Six(a) Chapter Six(a) - Headache attributed to trauma Six(b) Chapter Six(b) - Headache attributed to cranial and/or cervical vascular disorder Introduction Headache attributed to cerebral ischemia Headache attributed to nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage Diagnosis Prognosis Headache attributed to arteriovenous malformation Developmental venous anomaly Headache attributed to intracranial endovascular procedures Headache attributed to subdural hemorrhage Headache attributed to intracerebral hemorrhage Headache attributed to cervical carotid or vertebral artery dissection Diagnosis Prognosis Headache attributed to reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome Diagnosis Treatment of RCVS Prognosis Headache attributed to cerebral venous thrombosis Associated symptoms Diagnosis References Six(c) Chapter Six(c) - Thunderclap headache Introduction Causes of thunderclap headache SAH Subarachnoid hemorrhage Management of SAH Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome Vertebral and carotid artery dissection Spontaneous intracranial hypotension Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis Primary thunderclap headache References Six(d) Chapter Six(d) - Headaches related to alteration in the cerebrospinal fluid pressure Headache attributed to idiopathic intracranial hypertension Investigations Neuroimaging Lumbar puncture Treatment Serial lumbar puncture Follow-up Surgical treatment Headache attributed to low cerebrospinal fluid pressure Clinical findings in favor of intracranial hypotension Investigations Treatment References Six(e) Chapter Six(e) - Medication overuse headache Introduction How it clinically manifests? What is the pathophysiologic process causing MOH? Are acute symptomatic medications the same in producing MOH? Who is at more risk for MOH? How to diagnose a patient with MOH? What differentials should be considered before the diagnosis of MOH? How to manage MOH? References Six(f) Chapter Six(f) - Headache attributed to infection Introduction Pathophysiology of headache Headache attributed to intracranial infection Headache attributed to systemic infection Postinfectious headache References Six(g) Chapter Six(g) - Headache attributed to disorders of homoeostasis Metabolic (systemic) headaches Headache attributed to hypoxia and/or hypercapnia/hypercapnia High-altitude headache Airplane travel headache Diving headache Sleep apnea headache Dialysis headache Headache attributed to arterial hypertension Headache attributed to preeclampsia and eclampsia Headache attributed to autonomic dysreflexia Headache attributed to hypothyroidism Cardiac cephalgia Headache attributed to fasting Headache and hypercalcemia Drug-induced headaches References Six(h) Chapter Six(h) - Headache or facial pain attributed to disorder of the cranium, eyes, ears, nose, sinuses, teeth, mouth, or ... Introduction Headache attributed to disorders of cranial bone Headache related to ophthalmologic disorder Headache attributed to disorder of the ears Headache attributed to temporomandibular joint disorders Treatment of TMD Headache attributed to disorder of the nose or paranasal sinuses Headache attributed to dental or other mouth disorders Persistent idiopathic facial pain Burning mouth syndrome Differential diagnosis of BMS Treatment of BMS References Six(i) Chapter Six(i) - Cervicogenic headache Introduction Epidemiology Pathophysiology Diagnosis International Headache Society criteria Cervicogenic Headache International Study Group Differential diagnosis of cervicogenic headache Treatment of cervicogenic headache Conservative management Pharmacologic treatment Interventional treatment RFA versus pulsed radiofrequency References Seven - Headache attributed to psychiatric disorder Introduction Bidirectional relationship of headache and mental disorders Neurobiological mechanisms The relation between common types of headache and psychological factors Migraine Tension headache Chronic daily headache Headache in children and adolescents Personality and headache Suicide and headache Diagnostic approaches and treatment strategies Treatment of headache in the presence of depressive and anxiety disorders Comorbidity of headache with bipolar disorders Treatment strategies of headache in children and adolescents Psychological treatments Summary References Eight - Painful lesions of the cranial nerves and other facial pain Trigeminal neuralgia Idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia Secondary trigeminal neuralgia Classic trigeminal neuralgia Medical treatment Surgical treatments Glossopharyngeal neuralgia Secondary causes of GFN Postherpetic neuralgia Occipital neuralgia References Nine - Pediatric headache Introduction Epidemiology Diagnosis of primary and secondary headaches Primary headaches Migraine Syndromes that may be related to migraine Migraine is a biopsychosocial disorder presenting with epigenetic factors Migraine variants Familial hemiplegic migraine Migraine with brainstem aura Retinal migraine Alice in wonderland syndrome Acute confusional migraine Tension-type headache Cluster headache and other trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias Headache and comorbid disorders in children Medication overuse headache Management of headache Pharmacological treatment of migraine Symptomatic treatment Prophylactic treatment Pharmacological treatment of TTH Treatment of cluster headache Quality of life References Ten - Headache in women Introduction Migraine and menstruation Pathophysiology Treatment Perimenstrual prophylaxis Hormonal therapy Headache and contraception Headache and pregnancy Important secondary headaches in pregnancy Stroke Subarachnoid hemorrhage Cerebral venous thrombosis Idiopathic intracranial hypertension Pituitary tumors Brain tumors Preeclampsia Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome Primary headaches Post dural puncture headache Treatment of migraine in pregnancy Nonmedical treatments Medical treatment Supplements Acute medications Preventive treatments Procedure-based interventions Treatment of migraine during lactation Acute treatment Preventive treatment Tension-type headache during pregnancy and lactation Cluster headache during pregnancy and lactation Migraine and menopause Hormone replacement therapy Other drugs References Eleven - Headache in the elderly Introduction Sleep apnea headache Giant cell arteritis Neurologic manifestations Ocular findings Systemic features Diagnosis of GCA Treatment Cardiac cephalgia Subacute glaucoma Cervicogenic headache Cranial/cervical vascular disorders and nonvascular intracranial disorders Tumors Trigeminal neuralgia Postherpetic neuralgia Drugs causing headache Parkinson's-related headache Primary headaches Migraine headache Migraine comorbidities Diagnostic interventions Treatment Tension headache Hypnic headache Differential diagnosis Treatment Cough headache Treatment Cluster headache Chronic daily headache References Twelve - Headaches attributed to COVID-19 infection Introduction Unremitting headache after recovery Headache after vaccination for COVID-19 Headache in COVID-19 era caused by lifestyle changes Cervical muscle spasm as a cause of headache External compression headache Headaches due to eye refractory errors Other causes Suggestions for headache management General considerations Drug therapy References Thirteen(a) Chapter Thirteen(a) - Approach to cervicogenic headache from the perspective of physical medicine Thirteen(b) Chapter Thirteen(b) - Headache and exercise Introduction Other helpful exercises to relieve headaches Wall test Mirror test Correct posture while working on the computer (Fig. 13b.3) Some exercises for neck posture correction Five simple exercises to relieve headaches [17] Chin tuck stretch or neck retraction Cervical extensor stretch Lateral flexion exercise Cervical rotation Shoulder rolls References Epidemiology and pathophysiology History and physical examination Imaging studies Differential diagnosis Treatment Rehabilitation References Fourteen - Role of diet, food, and nutrition in prevention and treatment of headache Introduction Weight management Specific food/nutrient avoidance Elimination diet Sodium intake restriction Dietary patterns Supplementation Vitamin B groups Magnesium Probiotics Vitamin D Coenzyme Q10 Conclusion Appendix 1 Oligoantigenic diet Foods given up/foods eaten frequently Meal frequency and portion size Supplements/vitamins References Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z Back Cover