Happy City - How to Plan and Create the Best Livable Area for the People (EcoProduction)

This book presents multi-sector practical cases based on the author’s own research. It also includes the best practice, which could serve as a benchmark for the creation of smart cities. The global urbanisation index, i.e., the ratio of city dwellers to the total population, has been steadily increasing in recent years. It is highest in the Americas, followed by Europe, Asia and Africa. The city of the future will combine the intelligent use of IT systems with the potential of institutions, companies and committed, creative inhabitants. The administrative boundaries of today’s cities put certain constraints on their further growth, but in the future these boundaries will no longer be as relevant. Cities in Europe face the challenge of reconciling sustainable urban development and competitiveness – a challenge that will likely influence issues of urban quality such as the economy, culture, social and environmental conditions, changing a given city’s profile as well as urban quality in terms of its composition and characteristics. Preface 6 References 8 Contents 9 Summary 11 Sustainable Urban Mobility 15 1 Sustainable Mobility in Smart Metropolis 16 Abstract 16 1 Introduction 16 2 Smart Mobility in the Smart City 17 2.1 Directions of Urban Development 17 2.2 Smart City and Smart Mobility 18 3 The Planning Process of Sustainable Urban Mobility (SUMP) 21 4 Application of ITS in Sustainable Mobility 22 4.1 Elements of Smart Mobility in the Metropolitan Areas in Poland 22 4.2 SUMP in Upper Silesia Agglomeration 24 4.3 ITS in Sustaining Mobility in the Upper Silesia Agglomeration 27 5 Conclusion 28 References 29 2 Fair Access to City Space—Establishing Principles 31 Abstract 31 1 Introduction 31 2 Some Thoughts About the Nature of Cities 32 3 Public and Private Space—Problem of City Life Democratization 33 4 Framework for Public Space Selection Criteria 35 4.1 Literature on General Criteria 36 4.2 Criteria in the Opinion of Residents of Big Polish Cities—Research Results 36 5 Fair Access to the City Space 36 5.1 Literature on General Criteria 39 5.2 Criteria in the Opinion of Residents of Big Polish Cities—Research Results 40 6 Discussions 42 7 Conclusions and Reflections 44 References 45 3 Enterprise Architecture-Based Model of Management for Smart Cities 47 Abstract 47 1 Introduction 47 2 Attempt to Define a Smart City 48 3 Systems and Network Perception of a City 49 4 Enterprise Architecture Concept 51 5 Architectural Aspect of the Construction of a Smart City 52 6 Conclusion and Further Works 58 References 58 4 The Impact of Novel, Innovative Architectural Information Systems Using Balloon Technology on Public Understanding of Air Quality in Urban Areas, with Specific Regard to Transport-Related Decisions 60 Abstract 60 1 Introduction 61 2 The Need for Better Urban Air Quality 62 3 Air Pollution: How Big Is the Problem for Polish Cities? 64 4 The Impact of Traveller Awareness on Transport 66 5 The Balloon as a Visual Medium for Better Understanding 69 6 The Balonodrom for Cities—A Landmark to Improve the Air 71 7 Conclusion: Balonodrom Project Can Help the City of Wroclaw (and Other Cities, Too) to Improve the Air Quality Regarding to Traveller Behaviour Based on Understanding of Air Quality in Urban Areas 75 References 77 Building Social Capital—Citizen Focus 80 5 Satisfaction Benchmark for Smart Cities 81 Abstract 81 1 Introduction 82 2 Smart Measures for Smart Cities 83 2.1 Fact-Based Performance Management with ICT Enabled Analytics 83 2.2 Performance Management in the Public Sector—Managing Complexity Through Intelligent Measures 84 2.3 Managing and Benchmarking Smart Cities’ Performance 86 2.4 Smart Comparison for Smart Cities—Managing Performance in Complex Environments 88 3 Management and Quality Systems 89 3.1 Quality and Its Dimensions in Public Organisations 89 3.2 Quality Assessment and Quality Management 92 3.3 Quality Management in a Smart City 93 4 Methodological Procedure for Satisfaction Benchmarking 94 4.1 Purpose/Use of the Inhabitant Satisfaction Survey 94 4.2 The Basics of Public Surveys 95 4.3 Project Phases of an Inhabitant Satisfaction Analysis 95 4.3.1 Survey Procedure (1) 96 4.3.2 Compiling a Questionnaire (1) 96 4.3.3 Carrying Out the Survey (2) 98 4.3.4 Statistical Analysis: The Delta (2) 99 4.3.5 Workshop/Courses of Action (3) 99 4.4 Discussion on “The Delta” and on Satisfaction 99 5 Empirical Evidence as a Base for Benchmarking 100 5.1 The Aggregate Data 100 5.2 Between Analysis: Case Study on Process Benchmarking 101 5.3 Within Analysis: Target-Specific Measures for Stakeholders 104 6 Criticism of the Methodology 106 7 Conclusion 109 References 110 6 Role of Public Government Units Within the Framework of the Smart City Concept 113 Abstract 113 1 Introduction 113 2 Sustainable Development of the Cities in Europe 114 3 The Notion of the Quality of Life 117 4 The Role of Local Governments in Creating a Smart City 119 5 Conclusions and Areas for Further Research 125 References 128 7 Quality of Life and Gender Equality: Some Conclusions from a Public Opinion Poll in Poland 131 Abstract 131 1 Introduction 131 2 Quality of Life—Definition and Literature Review 132 3 Gender equality de jure and de facto in Poland 134 3.1 Equality de jure 134 3.2 Equality de facto 135 3.3 Gender Indexes for Poland 137 4 How Does Gender Equality Influence Quality of Life? 139 5 Conclusions 141 References 142 8 The Analysis of Quality of Life—The Case of Warsaw 144 Abstract 144 1 Introduction 144 2 Quality of Life in the Literature 145 3 Ranking the Cities 149 4 Quality of Life in the Context of Warsaw 150 5 Summary 156 References 158 9 Aiming to a Future University—The Case of the SGH Campus Redevelopment 159 Abstract 159 1 Introduction 159 2 Quality of Habitants’ Life and the Education Process 160 3 The University Education and Its Influence on Quality of Inhabitants’ Lives 162 4 The Case of Warsaw School of Economics 164 4.1 Circumstances of Change 164 4.2 A Brief Description of the SGH and Its Historical Campus 165 4.3 Goals Should Be Achieved by Rebuilding of the SGH Campus 169 4.4 Dilemmas of the Campus Redevelopment 169 4.5 Public Discussion 172 5 Conclusion 176 References 177 Integrated Infrastructures and Processes Across Energy, ICT and Transport 178 10 Integrated Infrastructures and Processes Across Energy, ICT and Transport 179 Abstract 179 1 Introduction 179 2 Focus on Digital Platform 182 3 Supercomputing Data Driven City 186 4 Internet of Things 188 5 Cybersecurity 191 6 The impact and outcome 194 References 197 11 Lessons from a Large Scale Demonstrator of the Smart and Sustainable City 198 Abstract 198 1 Introduction 199 2 City Challenges 200 3 Smart City Concept 201 4 Presentation of SunRise Smart City Project 202 4.1 Objectives—Originality 202 4.2 Presentation of the Scientific Campus, Support of SunRise Demonstrator 202 4.2.1 Drinking Water Network 203 4.2.2 District Heating 206 4.2.3 Electrical Grid 207 5 Conclusions 208 References 210 12 Mobility Oriented Development (MOD): Public-Private Partnership in Urban Parking and Traffic Management with the Use of Autonomous Automobiles, Car-Sharing, Ridesharing Modes of Transport and Mobility as a Service (MaaS) 212 Abstract 212 1 Introduction 212 2 Urban Mobility in History 214 3 Nowadays MaaS 216 4 Managing Mobility Behaviours 218 5 Conclusions 222 Acknowledgements 223 References 223 13 Eco-Innovations in Sustainable Waste Management Strategies for Smart Cities 226 Abstract 226 1 Introduction 226 2 Eco-Innovations 227 3 Waste Management Sector 229 4 Decision Makers 231 4.1 End-of-Waste Criteria 232 4.2 Life Cycle Assessment 232 5 Waste Management Strategies for Smart Cities 234 5.1 Smart Collection 235 5.2 Smart Processing and Smart Energy Recovery 236 5.2.1 Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT) and Mechanical Biological Stabilization (MBS) 236 5.2.2 Composting 237 5.2.3 Anaerobic Digestion 237 5.2.4 Incineration 238 5.3 Smart Disposal 239 6 Conclusions 239 Acknowledgements 240 References 240 Policy and Regulations 243 14 Smart City Landscape Protection—EU Law Perspective 244 Abstract 244 1 Introduction 244 2 The Rise of European Smart Cities 245 3 Common Goals of Urban Landscape Protection Within the EU Law 247 4 European Landscape Convention and Aarhus Convention with Regard to Public Participation in Smart Cities Landscape Policies 250 5 Conclusions 253 References 254 15 The Legal Aspects of Intelligent Cities 257 Abstract 257 1 Introduction 257 2 The International Standards Based on ISO 259 3 The Intelligent City and the Provisions of Public Procurement Act 263 4 Big Data and the Protection of Personal Information 267 5 Slow City 272 6 Conclusion 274 References 274 16 City Debugged. How to Reform Polish Cities so They Thrive Socially and Facilitate Sustainable Growth? 276 Abstract 276 1 Introduction 276 2 Depopulation as a Reform Driver of Poland’s Cities 279 2.1 Major Consequences of Depopulation 282 2.2 Range of Possible Solutions 284 3 Limited Self-Governance of the Local Self-Governments 285 3.1 Reforms Proposal for the Local Governance System 287 3.2 Transparency, Citizens and the City 290 3.3 Good Governance Approach to City Management 292 4 Powers of the Cities to Structure Their Development Trajectory 294 5 Conclusions 299 References 300 17 Exploring Public Attitudes Towards Urban Access Regulation Schemes—Case of Maribor 303 Abstract 303 1 Introduction 303 2 Methodology 307 2.1 The Research Framework 307 2.2 Definition of Questionnaire Variables 309 2.3 Survey and Demography 310 2.4 Methodology Used to Develop the Model 310 3 Survey Results 311 3.1 Exploratory Factor Analysis 311 3.2 Confirmatory Factor Analysis 312 3.3 Structural Equation Model 313 3.4 Fit Indices 314 3.5 Descriptive Statistics 314 3.6 Explanation of SEM Results 316 4 Conclusion 317 References 317 Front Matter....Pages i-xiv Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Sustainable Mobility in Smart Metropolis....Pages 3-17 Fair Access to City Space—Establishing Principles....Pages 19-34 Enterprise Architecture-Based Model of Management for Smart Cities....Pages 35-47 The Impact of Novel, Innovative Architectural Information Systems Using Balloon Technology on Public Understanding of Air Quality in Urban Areas, with Specific Regard to Transport-Related Decisions....Pages 49-68 Front Matter....Pages 69-69 Satisfaction Benchmark for Smart Cities....Pages 71-102 Role of Public Government Units Within the Framework of the Smart City Concept....Pages 103-120 Quality of Life and Gender Equality: Some Conclusions from a Public Opinion Poll in Poland....Pages 121-133 The Analysis of Quality of Life—The Case of Warsaw....Pages 135-149 Aiming to a Future University—The Case of the SGH Campus Redevelopment....Pages 151-169 Front Matter....Pages 171-171 Integrated Infrastructures and Processes Across Energy, ICT and Transport....Pages 173-191 Lessons from a Large Scale Demonstrator of the Smart and Sustainable City....Pages 193-206 Mobility Oriented Development (MOD): Public-Private Partnership in Urban Parking and Traffic Management with the Use of Autonomous Automobiles, Car-Sharing, Ridesharing Modes of Transport and Mobility as a Service (MaaS)....Pages 207-220 Eco-Innovations in Sustainable Waste Management Strategies for Smart Cities....Pages 221-237 Front Matter....Pages 239-239 Smart City Landscape Protection—EU Law Perspective....Pages 241-253 The Legal Aspects of Intelligent Cities....Pages 255-273 City Debugged. How to Reform Polish Cities so They Thrive Socially and Facilitate Sustainable Growth?....Pages 275-301 Exploring Public Attitudes Towards Urban Access Regulation Schemes—Case of Maribor....Pages 303-318