Handbook of Vitamins, Fourth Edition (CLINICAL NUTRITION IN HEALTH AND DISEASE)

Thoroughly revised and updated, Handbook of Vitamins highlights the recent research in vitamins and gene expression, vitamin-dependent genes, and vitamin effect on DNA stability. This fourth edition includes new chapters on vitamin-dependent modification of chromatin, analysis of vitamin metabolism using accelerated mass spectrometry, and dietary reference intakes for vitamins. Featuring contributions from international experts, it encompasses classical and modern approaches to vitamins, focusing on human nutrition, vitamin analysis, and vitamin action at the molecular level. Contents......Page 3 Preface......Page 5 Vitamin A......Page 6 NUTRITIONAL ASPECTS OF VITAMIN A AND CAROTENOIDS H......Page 7 TRANSPORT AND METABOLISM......Page 15 VITAMIN A AND PUBLIC HEALTH P......Page 30 REFERENCES......Page 35 Vitamin D......Page 45 INTRODUCTION......Page 46 HISTORY OF VITAMIN D......Page 48 CHEMISTRY OF VITAMIN D STEROIDS S......Page 50 PHYSIOLOGY OF VITAMIN D I......Page 55 BIOCHEMICAL MODE OF ACTION......Page 61 SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS OF 1......Page 69 BIOLOGICAL ASSAYS FOR VITAMIN D ACTIVITY......Page 75 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES FOR VITAMIN D-RELATED COMPOUNDS......Page 77 NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF VITAMIN D H......Page 80 FOOD SOURCES OF VITAMIN D......Page 82 SIGNS OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY H......Page 84 HYPERVITAMINOSIS D......Page 85 FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE VITAMIN D STATUS D......Page 86 CONCLUSIONS......Page 91 REFERENCES......Page 92 Vitamin K......Page 114 CHEMISTRY I......Page 115 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES AND VITAMIN K CONTENT OF FOOD......Page 121 METABOLISM A......Page 123 VITAMIN K-DEPENDENT PROTEINS P......Page 128 BIOCHEMICAL ROLE OF VITAMIN K D......Page 130 HEALTH IMPACTS OF ALTERED VITAMIN K STATUS M......Page 135 VITAMIN K REQUIREMENTS A......Page 140 EFFICACY AND HAZARDS OF PHARMACOLOGICAL DOSES OF VITAMIN K......Page 142 REFERENCES......Page 143 Vitamin E......Page 156 STRUCTURES AND ANTIOXIDANT CHEMISTRY S......Page 157 PHYSIOLOGIC RELATIONSHIPS A......Page 159 VITAMIN E-SPECIFIC PROTEINS......Page 161 METABOLISM AND EXCRETION......Page 163 NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENT......Page 165 DEFICIENCY SIGNS AND METHODS OF NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT......Page 167 EFFICACY OF PHARMACOLOGICAL DOSES OF VITAMIN E......Page 170 REFERENCES......Page 171 INTRODUCTION D......Page 178 OXIDATION–REDUCTION REACTIONS N......Page 179 GENERATION OF LEAVING GROUP POTENTIAL T......Page 183 ACYL ACTIVATION AND TRANSFER P......Page 186 ONE-CARBON TRANSFER: TETRAHYDROFOLYL COENZYMES......Page 188 COENZYMES......Page 191 REFERENCES......Page 192 Niacin......Page 193 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE......Page 194 CHEMISTRY N......Page 198 FOOD CONTENT, DIETARY REQUIREMENTS, AND ASSESSMENT OF STATUS Q......Page 199 PHYSIOLOGY P......Page 201 BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTIONS NAD C......Page 204 DURING NIACIN DEFICIENCY......Page 219 PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY......Page 222 REFERENCES......Page 225 HISTORY......Page 235 CHEMISTRY......Page 236 RIBOFLAVIN DEFICIENCY AND FOOD-RELATED ISSUES R......Page 238 PHYSIOLOGY A......Page 242 SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS......Page 243 PHARMACOLOGY, TOXICOLOGY, AND CARCINOGENESIS......Page 246 REQUIREMENTS AND ASSESSMENT......Page 247 REFERENCES......Page 249 Thiamine......Page 254 HISTORY......Page 255 CHEMISTRY S......Page 256 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES U......Page 261 FOOD CONTENT OF THIAMINE AND THIAMINASE ENZYMES T......Page 262 METABOLISM: BIOAVAILABILITY, ABSORPTION, TISSUE DISTRIBUTION, TURNOVER......Page 264 BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTIONS......Page 269 PATHOGENESIS OF DEFICIENCY AND HIGH-RISK CONDITIONS B......Page 274 ASSESSMENT OF THIAMINE STATUS......Page 276 HUMAN REQUIREMENTS AND RECOMMENDED INTAKES......Page 280 CONCLUSION......Page 282 REFERENCES......Page 283 INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY......Page 289 CHEMICAL PERSPECTIVES AND NOMENCLATURE......Page 290 FOOD SOURCES AND REQUIREMENTS P......Page 292 INTESTINAL ABSORPTION AND MAINTENANCE......Page 293 A, AND THE IMPORTANCE OF PANTOTHENIC KINASE C......Page 294 SELECTED PHYSIOLOGIC FUNCTIONS OF ACP AND C......Page 298 PANTOTHENIC ACID DEFICIENCY, CLINICAL RELATIONSHIPS, AND POTENTIAL INTERACTIONS INVOLVING POLYMORPHISMS......Page 301 PHARMACOLOGY......Page 303 STATUS DETERMINATION......Page 304 REFERENCES......Page 305 INTRODUCTION......Page 314 -PHOSPHATE-DEPENDENT ENZYMES......Page 316 VITAMIN BVITAMERS—DETERMINATION, SOURCES, AND BIOAVAILABILITY......Page 318 DEFICIENCY......Page 320 NEUROBIOLOGY OF VITAMIN B......Page 322 NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY OF VITAMIN BDEFICIENCY H......Page 325 —SEIZURES AND NEUROPROTECTION......Page 328 PYRIDOXINE-DEPENDENCY SEIZURES......Page 331 AND CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION......Page 332 HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA—CARDIOVASCULAR IMPLICATIONS......Page 336 ADVANCED GLYCATION END PRODUCT INHIBITORS—PYRIDOXAMINE......Page 339 —GENE EXPRESSION AND ANTICANCER EFFECT......Page 341 AND IMMUNITY......Page 343 CONCLUDING REMARKS......Page 345 REFERENCES......Page 346 HISTORY OF DISCOVERY......Page 359 PHYSIOLOGY OF BIOTIN D......Page 360 SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS......Page 365 REQUIREMENT AND ASSESSMENT C......Page 368 PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICITY T......Page 374 REFERENCES......Page 375 Folic Acid......Page 382 CHEMISTRY S......Page 383 FOOD SOURCES N......Page 384 METHODS F......Page 385 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES......Page 386 METABOLISM A......Page 387 BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTIONS O......Page 389 FACTORS AFFECTING FOLATE METABOLISM S......Page 393 DEFICIENCY B......Page 395 REFERENCES......Page 400 Vitamin B12......Page 410 HISTORY......Page 411 STRUCTURE AND CHEMISTRY C......Page 412 ABSORPTION, TRANSPORT, AND METABOLISM A......Page 415 GENETICS......Page 420 DEFICIENCY O......Page 425 DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT D......Page 431 NEW DIRECTIONS G......Page 438 REFERENCES......Page 442 INTRODUCTION......Page 455 CHEMISTRY S......Page 456 ASSAY PROCEDURES......Page 458 METABOLISM A......Page 459 BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTION M......Page 466 DEFICIENCY SIGNS AND METHODS OF NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT......Page 470 FACTORS INFLUENCING CHOLINE STATUS N......Page 471 REFERENCES......Page 473 Ascorbic Acid......Page 484 CHEMISTRY AND FOOD SOURCES N......Page 485 BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTIONS P......Page 489 ASCORBIC ACID METABOLISM AND REGULATION......Page 498 SELECTED CLINICAL FEATURES IMPORTANT TO ASCORBIC ACID STATUS D......Page 499 REQUIREMENTS, ALLOWANCES, AND UPPER LIMITS......Page 503 SUMMARY......Page 504 REFERENCES......Page 505 INTRODUCTION......Page 516 ROLES FOR VITAMINS IN EPIGENETIC EVENTS I......Page 517 CONCLUSION......Page 531 REFERENCES......Page 532 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND......Page 540 DESCRIPTION OF ACCELERATOR MASS SPECTROMETRY......Page 542 CONSIDERATIONS FOR HUMAN SUBJECTS......Page 543 HUMAN FOLATE METABOLISM......Page 544 -CAROTENE METABOLISM......Page 546 SUMMARY......Page 548 REFERENCES......Page 549 INTRODUCTION......Page 553 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES FOR VITAMINS......Page 556 APPROPRIATE USES OF VITAMIN DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES......Page 559 CONCLUSIONS......Page 563 REFERENCES......Page 564 Index......Page 565

recent Advances In Molecular And Cellular Biology, Analytical Chemistry, And Nanotechnology Have Dramatically Improved The Understanding Of Vitamin Biomechanics And The Requirements For Human Function. Vitamin Dependant Signaling Cascades, Alterations In Gene Expression Due To Variations In Vitamin Supply, And Dna Stability And Packaging Are Just A Few Of The New Roles For Vitamins That These Sciences Reveal. Maintaining Its Status As The Highest Quality Reference In The Field, The Handbook Of Vitamins Brings Together Leading Experts In Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, And Physiology To Incorporate These New Discoveries Into This Updated And Revised Fourth Edition.

true To The Clinical Focus Of The Previous Editions, This Book Is Comprised Of Comprehensive Summaries That Analyze The Chemical, Physiological, And Nutritional Relationships And Highlight The Newly Described And Identified Functions For All Recognized Vitamins. Each Chapter Covers The Physiology, Biochemistry, Genomics, And Molecular Biology Of Its Respective Vitamin With Specific Information On Coenzyme Function, Cell Signaling, Vitamin Status, And Antioxidant And Anti-inflammatory Defense. New Chapters Discuss The Recent Use Of Dna Microarrays In The Identification Of Thousands Of Vitamin-dependant Genes And The Modifications That Can Be Important To Epigenetic Events And Genomic Stability. Coverage Of Advances In Vitamin Analysis And Assessment Discuss New Applications Of Accelerated Mass Spectrometry (ams) That Can Study Vitamin Metabolism And Turnover At Physiological Concentrations. The Book Also Includes An Updated Dietary Reference Intake For Vitamins With Examples Of Vitamin-related Polymorphisms And Genetic Factors That Influence The Relative Need For Given Vitamins.

encompassing And Incorporating Newly Identified Roles Of Vitamins In Cellular And Organism Regulation, The Handbook Of Vitamins, Fourth Edition Continues To Offer The Most Respected, Up-to-date Research With Ready Clinical Application That We Have Come To Expect.

e-streams

...authoritative And Comprehensive....an Appropriate Addition To Any Health Science Or Hospital Library.

Vitamin A: nutritional aspects of retinoids and carotenoids / A. Catharine Ross and Earl H. Harrison Vitamin D / Anthony W. Norman Vitamin K / John W. Suttie Vitamin E / Maret G. Traber Bioorganic mechanisms important to coenzyme functions / Donald B. McCormick Niacin / James B. Kirkland Riboflavin (vitamin B2) / Richard S. Rivlin Thiamine / Chris J. Bates Pantothenic acid / Robert B. Rucker and Kathryn Bauerly Vitamin B6 / Shyamala Dakshinamurti and Krishnamurti Dakshinamurti Biotin / Donald M. Mock Folic acid / Lynn B. Bailey Cobalamin (vitamin B12) / Ralph Green and Joshua W. Miller Choline / Timothy A. Garrow Ascorbic acid / Carol S. Johnston Vitamin-dependent modifications of chromatin: epigenetic events and genomic stability / James B. Kirkland ... [et al.] Accelerator mass spectrometry in the study of vitamins and mineral metabolism / Fabiana Fonseca de Moura, Betty Jane Burri, and Andrew J. Clifford Dietary reference intakes for vitamins / Suzanne P. Murphy and Susan I. Barr.