Handbook of Venous Disorders : Guidelines of the American Venous Forum Third Edition

Now in its third edition, the Handbook of Venous Disorders continues to provide comprehensive and up-to-date information on acute and chronic venous and lymphatic diseases and malformations and to discuss the latest knowledge on epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical evaluation, diagnostic imaging, medical, endovascular and surgical management. This revised, updated and expanded edition takes account of all the recent developments in these areas. New chapters on, for example, foam sclerotherapathy, radiofrequency treatment, laser treatment and open surgical reconstructions are included, as well as useful diagnostic and treatment algorithms for the various conditions that are dealt with in the book. Clinical guidelines are provided in each chapter, together with evidence scores to help the reader assess the recommendations. The Handbook of Venous Disorders is written and edited by leaders and founding members of the American Venous Forum, a society dedicated to research, education and the clinical practice of venous and lymphatic diseases. The Handbook also includes several international authors, all of whom are experts in venous disease, most being regular or honorary members of the American Venous Forum. Book title......Page 4 Contents......Page 8 Contributors......Page 12 Foreword......Page 16 Preface......Page 18 Evidence-based guidelines......Page 20 List of abbreviations used......Page 22 PART ONE: BASIC CONSIDERATIONS OF VENOUS DISORDERS......Page 26 1. Venous and lymphatic disease: a historical review......Page 28 2. Development and anatomy of the venous system......Page 37 3. The physiology and hemodynamics of the normal venous circulation......Page 50 4. Classification and etiology of chronic venous disease......Page 62 5. The physiology and hemodynamics of chronic venous insufficiency of the lower limb......Page 72 6. Pathogenesis of varicose veins and cellular pathophysiology of chronic venous insufficiency......Page 81 7. Venous ulcer formation and healing at cellular levels......Page 95 8. Acute venous thrombosis: pathogenesis and evolution......Page 108 9. The epidemiology of and risk factors for acute deep venous thrombosis......Page 119 10. Epidemiology of chronic venous disorders......Page 130 PART TWO: DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATIONS AND VENOUS IMAGING STUDIES......Page 136 11. Evaluation of hypercoagulable states and molecular markers of acute venous thrombosis......Page 138 12. Duplex ultrasound scanning for acute venous disease......Page 154 13. Duplex scanning for chronic venous obstruction and valvular incompetence......Page 167 14. Evaluation of venous function by indirect noninvasive tests (plethysmography)......Page 181 15. Lower extremity ascending and descending phlebography......Page 185 16. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in venous disease......Page 194 PART THREE: MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE THROMBOSIS......Page 218 17. The clinical presentation and the natural history of acute deep venous thrombosis......Page 220 18. Diagnostic algorithm for acute deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism......Page 233 19. Medical treatment of acute deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism......Page 246 20. Catheter-directed thrombolysis for treatment of acute deep venous thrombosis......Page 264 21. Surgical thrombectomy and percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy for treatment of acute iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis......Page 280 22. Treatment algorithm for acute deep venous thrombosis: current guidelines......Page 290 23. Current recommendations for prevention of deep venous thrombosis......Page 302 24. The management of axillo-subclavian venous thrombosis in the setting of thoracic outlet syndrome......Page 317 25. Indications, techniques and results of inferior vena cava filters......Page 324 26. Superficial venous thrombophlebitis......Page 339 27. Mesenteric vein thrombosis......Page 345 PART FOUR: MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC VENOUS DISORDERS......Page 354 28. Clinical presentation and assessment of patients with venous disease......Page 356 29. Diagnostic algorithms for telangiectasia, varicose veins and venous ulcers: current guidelines......Page 367 30. Compression therapy for venous ulceration......Page 373 31. Drug treatment of varicose veins, venous edema and ulcers......Page 384 32. Sclerotherapy in the management of varicose veins of the extremeties......Page 391 33. Foam sclerotherapy......Page 405 34. Percutaneous laser therapy of telangiectasias and varicose veins......Page 415 35. Surgical treatment of the incompetent saphenous vein......Page 425 36. Radiofrequency treatment of the incompetent saphenous vein......Page 434 37. Laser treatment of the incompetent saphenous vein......Page 443 38. Phlebectomy......Page 454 39. Treatment algorithms for telangiectasia and varicose veins: current guidelines......Page 464 40. Recurrent varicose veins: etiology and management......Page 471 41. Local treatment of venous ulcers......Page 482 42. Surgical repair of deep vein valve incompetence......Page 497 43. Artificial venous valves......Page 508 44. Endovascular reconstruction for chronic iliofemoral vein obstruction......Page 516 45. Endovascular reconstruction of complex iliocaval venous occlusions......Page 528 46. Open surgical reconstructions for non-malignant occlusion of the inferior vena cava and iliofemoral veins......Page 539 47. The management of incompetent perforating veins with open and endoscopic surgery......Page 548 48. Percutaneous ablation of perforating veins......Page 561 49. A treatment algorithm for venous ulcer: current guidelines......Page 570 PART FIVE: SPECIAL VENOUS PROBLEMS......Page 576 50. Surgical and endovenous treatment of superior vena cava syndrome......Page 578 51. The management of extremity venous trauma......Page 593 52. Primary and secondary tumors of the inferior vena cava and iliac veins......Page 599 53. Arteriovenous malformations: evaluation and treatment......Page 608 54. The management of venous malformations......Page 619 55. The management of venous aneurysms......Page 629 56. Management of pelvic venous congestion and perineal varicosities......Page 642 PART SIX: LYMPHEDEMA......Page 652 57. Lymphedema: pathophysiology, classification and clinical evaluation......Page 654 58. Lymphoscintigraphy and lymphangiography......Page 660 59. Lymphedema: medical and physical therapy......Page 674 60. Principles of surgical treatment of chronic lymphedema......Page 683 61. The management of chylous disorders......Page 690 PART SEVEN: ISSUES IN VENOUS DISEASE......Page 698 62. Outcome assessment in acute venous disease......Page 700 63. Outcome assessment in chronic venous disease......Page 709 64. Mapping the future: organizational, clinical and research priorities in venous disease......Page 719 65. Summary of Guidelines of the American Venous Forum......Page 731 A......Page 748 C......Page 750 D......Page 752 E......Page 753 F......Page 754 H......Page 755 I......Page 756 L......Page 757 M......Page 758 O......Page 759 P......Page 760 R......Page 762 S......Page 763 T......Page 765 U......Page 767 V......Page 768 Z......Page 769 The third edition continues to provide comprehensive and up-to-date information on acute and chronic venous and lymphatic diseases and malformations and to discuss the latest knowledge on epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical evaluation, diagnostic imaging, medical, endovascular and surgical management. This revised, updated, and expanded edition takes account of all the recent developments in these areas. New chapters on, for example, foam scleropathy, radiofrequency treatment, laser treatment and open surgical reconstructions are included, as well as useful diagnostic and treatment algorithms for the various conditions that are dealt with in the book. Clinical guidelines are provided in each chapter, together with evidence scores to help the reader assess the recommendations. New to the third edition is a companion website containing all the images from the book in a useful library.