Handbook of Toxicology of Chemical Warfare Agents, Second Edition

Handbook of Toxicology of Chemical Warfare Agents, Second Edition covers every aspect of deadly toxic chemicals used in conflicts, warfare and terrorism. Including findings from experimental as well as clinical studies, this essential reference offers in-depth coverage of individual toxicants, target organ toxicity, major incidents, toxic effects in humans, animals and wildlife, biosensors and biomarkers, on-site and laboratory analytical methods, decontamination and detoxification procedures, and countermeasures. Expanding on the ground-breaking first edition, Handbook of Toxicology of Chemical Warfare Agents has been completely updated, presenting the most recent advances in field. Brand new chapters include a case study of the Iran-Iraq war, an overview of chemical weapons of mass destruction, explosives, ricin, the human respiratory system, alternative testing methods, brain injuries, and more. Unites world-leading experts to present cutting-edge, agent-specific information on chemical warfare agents and their adverse effects on human and animal health and the environment. Covers all aspects of chemical warfare agent modes of action, detection, prevention, therapeutic treatment and countermeasures. Features a full update on the first edition to reflect the most recent advances in the field as well as nine new chapters. Content: Front-matter, Pages i-iii Copyright, Page iv Dedication, Page v List of Contributors, Pages xi-xiv Chapter 1 - Introduction, Pages 3-5 Chapter 2 - Historical Perspective of Chemical Warfare Agents, Pages 7-15 Chapter 3 - Global Impact of Chemical Warfare Agents Used Before and After 1945, Pages 17-25 Chapter 4 - The Tokyo Subway Sarin Attack: Acute and Delayed Health Effects in Survivors, Pages 27-35 Chapter 5 - Early and Delayed Effects of Sulfur Mustard in Iranian Veterans After the Iraq–Iran Conflict, Pages 37-46 Chapter 6 - Epidemiology of Chemical Warfare Agents, Pages 47-54 Chapter 7 - Chemical Weapons of Mass Destruction and Terrorism: A Threat Analysis, Pages 55-65 Chapter 8 - Mustards and Vesicants, Pages 69-86 Chapter 9 - Organophosphate Nerve Agents, Pages 87-109 Chapter 10 - Russian VX, Pages 111-130 Chapter 11 - Riot Control Agents, Pages 131-150 Chapter 12 - Psychotomimetic Agent BZ (3-Quinuclidinyl Benzilate), Pages 151-157 Chapter 13 - Neurological Effects and Mechanisms of Blast Overpressure Injury, Pages 159-166 Chapter 14 - Thallium, Pages 167-170 Chapter 15 - Arsenicals: Toxicity, Their Use as Chemical Warfare Agents, and Possible Remedial Measures, Pages 171-191 Chapter 16 - Fluoroacetate, Pages 193-214 Chapter 17 - Strychnine, Pages 215-222 Chapter 18 - Superwarfarins, Pages 223-238 Chapter 19 - PCBs, Dioxins and Furans: Human Exposure and Health Effects, Pages 239-247 Chapter 20 - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Implications for Developmental, Molecular, and Behavioral Neurotoxicity, Pages 249-265 Chapter 21 - Carbon Monoxide: From Public Health Risk to Painless Killer, Pages 267-286 Chapter 22 - Methyl Isocyanate: The Bhopal Gas, Pages 287-299 Chapter 23 - Cyanide Toxicity and its Treatment, Pages 301-314 Chapter 24 - Chlorine, Pages 315-325 Chapter 25 - Phosgene, Pages 327-335 Chapter 26 - Other Toxic Chemicals as Potential Chemical Warfare Agents, Pages 337-345 Chapter 27 - Ricin, Pages 347-360 Chapter 28 - Botulinum Toxin*, Pages 361-385 Chapter 29 - Anthrax, Pages 387-410 Chapter 30 - Onchidal and Fasciculins, Pages 411-420 Chapter 31 - Cyanobacterial (Blue-Green Algae) Toxins, Pages 421-429 Chapter 32 - Radiation and Health Effects, Pages 431-446 Chapter 33 - Depleted Uranium, Pages 447-460 Chapter 34 - Chemical Warfare Agents and the Nervous System, Pages 463-475 Chapter 35 - Behavioral Toxicity of Nerve Agents, Pages 477-487 Chapter 36 - The Respiratory Toxicity of Chemical Warfare Agents, Pages 489-518 Chapter 37 - Cardiovascular System as a Target of Chemical Warfare Agents, Pages 519-533 Chapter 38 - Ocular Toxicity of Chemical Warfare Agents, Pages 535-555 Chapter 39 - Dermal Toxicity of Sulfur Mustard, Pages 557-576 Chapter 40 - Skeletal Muscle, Pages 577-597 Chapter 41 - Reproductive Toxicity and Endocrine Disruption of Potential Chemical Warfare Agents, Pages 599-613 Chapter 42 - Liver Toxicity of Chemical Warfare Agents, Pages 615-626 Chapter 43 - Renal System, Pages 627-637 Chapter 44 - The Immune System as a Target for Chemical Warfare Agents, Pages 639-655 Chapter 45 - Alternative Animal Toxicity Testing of Chemical Warfare Agents, Pages 657-673 Chapter 46 - Genomics and Proteomics in Brain Complexity in Relation to Chemically Induced PTSD, Pages 677-689 Chapter 47 - Clinical and Cellular Aspects of Traumatic Brain Injury, Pages 691-708 Chapter 48 - Excitotoxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Neuronal Injury, Pages 709-724 Chapter 49 - Blood–Brain Barrier Damage and Dysfunction by Chemical Toxicity, Pages 725-739 Chapter 50 - Neuropathologic Effects of Chemical Warfare Agents, Pages 741-749 Chapter 51 - The Effects of Organophosphates in the Early Stages of Human Muscle Regeneration, Pages 751-759 Chapter 52 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors: From Molecular Mechanisms of Action to Current and Future Prospects, Pages 761-778 Chapter 53 - Potential Agents That Can Cause Contamination of Animal Feedstuffs and Terror, Pages 781-790 Chapter 54 - Chemical Warfare Agents and Risks to Animal Health, Pages 791-807 Chapter 55 - Threats to Wildlife by Chemical and Warfare Agents, Pages 809-814 Chapter 56 - Toxicokinetic Aspects of Nerve Agents and Vesicants, Pages 817-856 Chapter 57 - Toxicokinetics and Toxicodynamics of DFP, Pages 857-874 Chapter 58 - Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Chemical Warfare Agents, Pages 875-882 Chapter 59 - Biotransformation of Warfare Nerve Agents, Pages 883-894 Chapter 60 - On-Site Detection of Chemical Warfare Agents, Pages 897-914 Chapter 61 - Laboratory Analysis of Chemical Warfare Agents, Adducts, and Metabolites in Biomedical Samples, Pages 915-923 Chapter 62 - Biosensors for the Detection of OP Nerve Agents, Pages 925-934 Chapter 63 - Neuropathy Target Esterase as a Biomarker and Biosensor of Delayed Neuropathic Agents, Pages 935-952 Chapter 64 - Biomarkers of Exposure to Organophosphorus Poisons: A New Motif for Covalent Binding to Tyrosine in Proteins That Have No Active Site Serine, Pages 953-965 Chapter 65 - Monitoring of Blood Cholinesterase Activity in Workers Exposed to Nerve Agents, Pages 967-976 Chapter 66 - Pharmacological Prophylaxis Against Nerve Agent Poisoning: Experimental Studies and Practical Implications, Pages 979-987 Chapter 67 - Prophylactic and Therapeutic Measures in Nerve Agents Poisoning, Pages 989-1001 Chapter 68 - Medical Management of Chemical Toxicity in Pediatrics, Pages 1003-1034 Chapter 69 - Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Countermeasures to Nerve Agents, Pages 1035-1047 Chapter 70 - Strategies to Enhance Medical Countermeasures After the Use of Chemical Warfare Agents on Civilians, Pages 1049-1056 Chapter 71 - Pyridinium Oximes in the Treatment of Poisoning with Organophosphorus Compounds, Pages 1057-1070 Chapter 72 - Novel Cholinesterase Reactivators, Pages 1071-1087 Chapter 73 - Paraoxonase (PON1) and Detoxication of Nerve Agents, Pages 1089-1098 Chapter 74 - The Role of Carboxylesterases in Therapeutic Intervention of Nerve Gases Poisoning, Pages 1099-1106 Chapter 75 - Catalytic Bioscavengers: The New Generation of Bioscavenger-Based Medical Countermeasures, Pages 1107-1123 Chapter 76 - Rapid Decontamination of Chemical Warfare Agents from the Skin, Pages 1127-1139 Index, Pages 1141-1184 Handbook of Toxicology of Chemical Warfare Agents, Second Edition covers every aspect of deadly toxic chemicals used in conflicts, warfare and terrorism. Including findings from experimental as well as clinical studies, this essential reference offers in-depth coverage of individual toxicants, target organ toxicity, major incidents, toxic effects in humans, animals and wildlife, biosensors and biomarkers, on-site and laboratory analytical methods, decontamination and detoxification procedures, and countermeasures. Expanding on the ground-breaking first edition, Handbook of Toxicology of Chemical Warfare Agents has been completely updated, presenting the most recent advances in field. Brand new chapters include a case study of the Iran-Iraq war, an overview of chemical weapons of mass destruction, explosives, Ricin, the human respiratory system, alternative testing methods, brain injuries, and more. Unites world-leading experts to bring you cutting-edge, agent-specific information on Chemical Warfare Agents (CWA) and their adverse effects on human and animal health, and the environment Provides you with all the information you need on CWA modes of action, detection, prevention, therapeutic treatment and countermeasures New to this edition: a full update to reflect the most recent advances in the field and new chapters on emergency preparedness, the chemical warfare agents used in Syria, and the use of the Novichok agent in the UK

Handbook of Toxicology of Chemical Warfare Agents, Second Edition covers every aspect of deadly toxic chemicals used in conflicts, warfare and terrorism. Including findings from experimental as well as clinical studies, this essential reference offers in-depth coverage of individual toxicants, target organ toxicity, major incidents, toxic effects in humans, animals and wildlife, biosensors and biomarkers, on-site and laboratory analytical methods, decontamination and detoxification procedures, and countermeasures.

Expanding on the ground-breaking first edition, Handbook of Toxicology of Chemical Warfare Agents has been completely updated, presenting the most recent advances in field. Brand new chapters include a case study of the Iran-Iraq war, an overview of chemical weapons of mass destruction, explosives, ricin, the human respiratory system, alternative testing methods, brain injuries, and more.

• Unites world-leading experts to present cutting-edge, agent-specific information on chemical warfare agents and their adverse effects on human and animal health and the environment.
• Covers all aspects of chemical warfare agent modes of action, detection, prevention, therapeutic treatment and countermeasures.
• Features a full update on the first edition to reflect the most recent advances in the field as well as nine new chapters.

This handbook considers every aspect of deadly toxic chemicals used in conflicts, warfare and terrorism. As modern warfare evolves, an increasing number of chemical and biological warfare agents are introduced, making research into the effects and treatment of these agents essential for governmental bodies worldwide. With chapters written by leading experts, and including findings from experimental and clinical studies; this reference offers in-depth coverage of individual toxicants; target organ toxicity; major incidents; toxic effects in humans, animals, and wildlife; biosensors and biomarkers; on-site and laboratory analytical methods; as well as detoxification procedures and countermeasures. The edition is a complete update and expansion of the first edition, presenting the most recent advances in the filed. New chapters include a case study of the Iran-Iraq war, an overview of chemical weapons of mass destruction, explosives, ricin, the human respiratory system, alternative testing methods, PTSD and other brain injuries and more __Handbook of Toxicology of Chemical Warfare Agents, Second Edition__ covers every aspect of deadly toxic chemicals used in conflicts, warfare and terrorism. Including findings from experimental as well as clinical studies, this essential reference offers in-depth coverage of individual toxicants, target organ toxicity, major incidents, toxic effects in humans, animals and wildlife, biosensors and biomarkers, on-site and laboratory analytical methods, decontamination and detoxification procedures, and countermeasures. * Unites world-leading experts to present cutting-edge, agent-specific information on chemical warfare agents and their adverse effects on human and animal health and the environment. * Covers all aspects of chemical warfare agent modes of action, detection, prevention, therapeutic treatment and countermeasures. * Features a full update on the first edition to reflect the most recent advances in the field as well as nine new chapters.