Handbook of the history of logic. Vol. 09. Computational logic

__Handbook of the History of Logic__ brings to the development of logic the best in modern techniques of historical and interpretative scholarship. Computational logic was born in the twentieth century and evolved in close symbiosis with the advent of the first electronic computers and the growing importance of computer science, informatics and artificial intelligence. With more than ten thousand people working in research and development of logic and logic-related methods, with several dozen international conferences and several times as many workshops addressing the growing richness and diversity of the field, and with the foundational role and importance these methods now assume in mathematics, computer science, artificial intelligence, cognitive science, linguistics, law and many engineering fields where logic-related techniques are used inter alia to state and settle correctness issues, the field has diversified in ways that even the pure logicians working in the early decades of the twentieth century could have hardly anticipated. Logical calculi, which capture an important aspect of human thought, are now amenable to investigation with mathematical rigour and computational support and fertilized the early dreams of mechanised reasoning: “Calculemus”. The Dartmouth Conference in 1956 – generally considered as the birthplace of artificial intelligence – raised explicitly the hopes for the new possibilities that the advent of electronic computing machinery offered: logical statements could now be executed on a machine with all the far-reaching consequences that ultimately led to logic programming, deduction systems for mathematics and engineering, logical design and verification of computer software and hardware, deductive databases and software synthesis as well as logical techniques for analysis in the field of mechanical engineering. This volume covers some of the main subareas of computational logic and its applications. * Chapters by leading authorities in the field * Provides a forum where philosophers and scientists interact * Comprehensive reference source on the history of logic Content: INTRODUCTION 1. Computational Logic, Jorg Siekmann 2. Logic and the Development of the Computer, Martin Davis GENERAL 3. What is a Logical System? An Evolutionary View: 1964-2014, Dov Gabbay AUTOMATED REASONING 4. Interactive Theorem Proving, John R. Harrison, Josef Urban, Frederik Wiedijk 5. Automation of Higher Order Logic, Christoph Benzmuller, Dale Miller 6. Equational Logics and Rewriting, Claude Kirchner, Helene Kirchner 7. Possibilistic Logic An Overview, Didier Dubois, Henri Prade 8. Computerizing Mathematical Text, Fairouz Kamareddine, Joe Wells, Christoph Zengler and Henk Barendregt SPECIFICATION and VERIFICATION 9. Concurrency Theory: A Historical Perspective on Coinduction and Process Calculi, Jos Baeten, Davide Sangiorgi 10. Logical Synthesis of Reactive Systems - from Church's Problem to Modern Applications, Bernd Finkbeiner COMPUTER SCIENCE 11. Degrees of Unsolvability, Klaus Ambos-Spies, Peter A. Fejer 12. Computational Complexity, Lance Fortnow, Steven Homer 13. Logic Programming, Bob Kowalski 14. Logic and Databases, Jack Minker, Dietmar Seipel, Carlo Zaniolo 15. Logics for Intelligent Agents and Multi Agent Systems, John-Jules Meyer 16. Description Logics, Matthias Knorr, Pascal Hitzler 17. Logics for the Semantic Web, Pascal Hitzler, Jens Lehmann, Axel Polleres In designing the Handbook of the History of Logic, the Editors have taken the view that the history of logic holds more than an antiquarian interest, and that a knowledge of logic's rich and sophisticated development is, in various respects, relevant to the research programmes of the present day. Ancient logic is no exception. The present volume attests to the distant origins of some of modern logic's most important features, such as can be found in the claim by the authors of the chapter on Aristotle's early logic that, from its infancy, the theory of the syllogism is an example of an intuitionistic, non-monotonic, relevantly paraconsistent logic. Similarly, in addition to its comparative earliness, what is striking about the best of the Megarian and Stoic traditions is their sophistication and originality