Handbook of the Historiography of Latin American Studies on the Life Sciences and Medicine (Historiographies of Science, 2)

This volume provides a definitive assessment of the historiography of the life sciences and medicine in Latin America. It makes historiographic work available for new scholars to join the field and for graduate students and other scholars new to the history of science in Latin America, by means of meaningful and original contributions.This volume brings transnational analysis to the center of global historiographical discussions. It seeks to contribute both empirically and theoretically to the fields of History of Science and Science and Technology Studies (STS) in Latin America, to account for how the knowledge produced in developing countries is part of international knowledge as it circulates in transnational collaborative networks. The volume consists of articles written by experienced, expert authors who expose the lines of ongoing research in the history of life sciences and medicine in Latin America in order to provide an overview of the multiplicity of analytic frameworks and perspectives in a way that allows them to be contrasted with each other. Some of the topics discussed include Asymmetrical networks of collaboration, Circulation of Knowledge, Conceptual History, History and Art, History of Race, Gender and the like, and many more. Series Preface Volume Preface Contents About the Series Editor About the Volume Editor Contributors 1 A Historiography of the Life Sciences and Medicine in Latin America in Global Perspective References Part I: Historiography 2 From the Social to the Global Turn in Latin American History of Science Introduction A Social Turn Important Shifts A Global Turn Conclusion References 3 The Historian ́s Craft in the ``Periphery ́ ́ Introduction The ``Periphery ́ ́ Revisited From Reception to Appropriation of Knowledge ``Peripheral Life Science ́ ́ in Latin America: From Darwin to Molecular Biology Science Between Epistemic Appropriations and Emancipation Conclusion References Part II: Natural History and Evolution 4 Fragmented Memories Introduction Background of Mexico ́s History of Science Continuity and Changes in the Historiography of Sciences (1921-1964) The First Mexican Communities of Science Historians (1964-1989) Historiographical Trends in Mexican Science History. The Study of Natural History (1989-2019) Conclusions Appendix: Bibliometrics References 5 History and the Quest for a Historiography of Scientific Explorations and Evolutionism in the American Tropics Introduction Naturalist Explorations in the Tropics Historiography of Naturalist Explorations Evolutionism in Tropical America Historiography of Evolutionism Conclusions References 6 Darwin, Evolutionism, and New Approaches to the Historiography of Latin America Introduction Darwinism and the Emergence of History of Science and History of Ideas Peripheral Darwin The 1990s Shift Darwin Studies, from Diffusion to Global History Conclusion References 7 A Critical Analysis of the Reception of Darwinism in Latin America in the Nineteenth Century Introduction Implications of ``-Isms ́ ́ (or Looking for Essentialism) Diffusionism, Comparative Studies, and ``Complexity Principle ́ ́ Implications of a ``Complex ́ ́ Vision for the History of Science Postcolonialism and Circulation of Ideas Appropriation Processes and Transnational Networks Geographies of Knowledge Science and Religion Conclusions References 8 Darwinism Introduction The Geography of Darwinism in Latin America Darwinism and Science in Latin America Darwinism and Medicine in Latin America Darwinism and Religion in Latin America Social Darwinism and Latin American Politics and Economics Social Darwinism and Early Globalization Social Darwinism in Latin America Conclusion References 9 How to Read Ameghino ́s Filogenia? Introduction An Anomaly Entitled Filogenia What to Do with the Naughty Florentino? The Roots of Filogenia Ameghino ́s Darwinism Conclusion References 10 Palaeontology in South America Introduction Palaeontology: A New Word for Vanishing Worlds and Words Strange Things, Strange People, and Strange Animals: The Normality of Bureaucracy Paper and Rule An Animal in Seven Boxes and in Two Pieces of Paper The Vicar ́s Bones Conclusion References 11 Historiography of Biogeography in Mexico Introduction: An Outlook on Historiography in Mexico Neither Darwin nor Wallace: A More Inclusive Historiography Synthetic Historiography Creationism Versus Transmutacionism First Biogeographic Explanations on the Complexity of the Mexican Biota Conclusions References Part III: Natural History and Art 12 Between History of Art and History of Science Science and Art The Homo sapiens in the National Institute of Geology The New Species Siredon Tigrina from the Lake of Santa Isabel The Perspectiva Artificiale of the Valley of Mexico Beyond the Metamorphosis and the Views References 13 José María Velasco ́s Paleontological Landscapes: The Circulation and Appropriation of Deep Time Thinking in Mexican Porfiri... Introduction Images in Science: Velasco As an Example of the Intersection Between Science and Art Evolutionary Thinking and Deep Time in Nineteenth-Century Mexico Velasco in the Context of the Creation of the Mexican National Geological Institute Evolutionary Thinking in the Visual Discourse Scientific Internationalism Socio-Professional Networks Conclusions References Primary Sources Secondary Sources 14 Writing the History of Animals in Latin America Introduction Animals and History Histories of Animals in the Life Sciences and Medicine The History of the Natural History of the Mexican Axolotl A Mexican in Paris The Transformation and the Question of Two Axolotls The Axolotl Becomes a Laboratory Creature From Europe to the World and Back to Mexico Conclusion References Part IV: Agriculture 15 Agriculture As Connectivity Introduction Knowledge Studies Capitalism, Technology, and Commodities Histories Environmental Histories Conclusion: Placing Latin America and the Caribbean in the History of Agricultural Science References 16 South-South Exchange Networks and the Circulation of Knowledge in 1920s Mexico Introduction Science, Art, and Revolution in Mexico Conclusions References 17 Evaluating the Green Revolution Dominant Narrative for Latin America: Technology, Geopolitics, and Institutions Introduction The Dominant Narrative of the Green Revolution The Green Revolution As a Unique Process: The Heroic Narrative The Green Revolution As a Result of the Market Forces: The Economic Narrative The New Narratives of the Green Revolution Alternative Narratives from Latin America Challenging the Chronology: 1968 Versus 1941 The Causal Factor: Seeds Versus Institutions Institutional Cloning Connecting International and National Policies: The Green Revolution in Costa Rica Conclusions References 18 Steering Latin America ́s Economic Relationship with the United States Introduction Background Rise of the Automobile and Motor Roads Popular Resistance Regimes of Immobility Conclusion References Part V: Race Studies, Medicine, and Genetics 19 A Short Version of the Long Duration Story of Mexican Sui Generis Racism Ethnocentrism in the Colonial New Spain The First Nations The African Populations The Criollos and the Mestizos The Criollos, the Creole Mestizos and Castas Modern and Contemporary Mexican Sui Generis Racism (1810-2018) Conclusions References 20 A Critical Comparison of Different Intellectual Histories (Mexican and Anglo-American Historiographies) on ``Race ́ ́ Introduction General Overview of the Concept of ``Race. ́ ́ Is Race a Valid Category to Address Human Diversity? The Genesis of Scientific Conceptions of Race: The Flourishing of Racism During the Eighteenth Century Before Mestizaje: Racial Ideas in Medieval Spain Colonial Mexico Caste System Race and Racialization in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Mexico: Mexico and the USA Look into Mexico ́s Human Diversity Mexican Historiographies Anglo-American Historiographies Conclusions References 21 Malleable Bodies Introduction Human Diet and International Organizations in the 1930s The Diet of Mexico ́s Indigenous People: Between Anthropology and Nutrition The International in the Regional: Balam Pereira and Coplamar Reports on Yucatan The Balam Pereira Report Conclusion References 22 Bodies, Environments, and Race Introduction Race, Biopolitics, and the Biocultural Body Beginnings: Stepan on Eugenics Reconsidering Latin Eugenics The Mestizaje of Hard and Soft Eugenics Changing Constitutions: Tonics, Medicines, Diets, Exercise Challenges Ahead Conclusion References 23 The Frog and the Vine Introduction Intersections of Indigenous and Western Knowledge Practices in Relation to Biological Material and Toxic Organisms The Doctrine of Discovery in Patent Law Toxicological Models and Pharmaceuticals Central Tensions in Biomedical Research Practice Illuminated by Indigenous Knowledge of Nature Ayahuasca Poison Dart Frog Decolonizing Methodologies and Symmetric Science Conclusion References 24 Evolutionary Genetics in Brazil Introduction Genetics in Brazil: The Early Years Evolutionary Genetics in Brazil The Foundation of the Sociedade Brasileira de Genética (Brazilian Society of Genetics) The Diversification of Genetics in Brazil Conclusions References Index This volume provides a definitive assessment of the historiography of the life sciences and medicine in Latin America. It makes historiographic work available for new scholars to join the field and for graduate students and other scholars new to the history of science in Latin America, by means of meaningful and original contributions, . This volume brings transnational analysis to the center of global historiographical discussions. It seeks to contribute both empirically and theoretically to the fields of History of Science and Science and Technology Studies (STS) in Latin America, to account for how the knowledge produced in developing countries is part of international knowledge as it circulates in transnational collaborative networks. The volume consists of articles written by experienced, expert authors who expose the lines of ongoing research in the history of life sciences and medicine in Latin America in order to provide an overview of the multiplicity of analytic frameworks and perspectives in a way that allows them to be contrasted with each other. Some of the topics discussed include Asymmetrical networks of collaboration, Circulation, Conceptual History, History of Race, Gender and the like, and many more.