Handbook of Symptoms in Dogs and Cats - Assessing Common Illnesses by Differential Diagnosis (3rd Edition)

A handy pocket reference book for the busy practising vet, The Handbook of Symptoms in Dogs and Cats will be an invaluable practice resource, ideal as a quick look-up guide for common conditions. This book will allow vets to look up a condition and identify the cause of the problem through a list of symptoms. It includes one-hundred main symptoms and their differential diagnoses, and one-hundred laboratory findings, their standard values, analysis, and diagnostic pathways for each symptom, along with numerous tables for finding the confirming diagnosis. This practical and up-to-date manual is an indispensable companion for all small animal medicine veterinarians, as well as for students of veterinary medicine. Translated from Leitsymptome und Leitbefunde bei Hund und Katze: Differenzialdiagnostischer Leitfaden (3rd Ed.), published by Schattauer. \*\*\* "The format is particularly helpful for veterinary students and new graduates who are still developing their problem-based learning skills. This book will also be handy for seasoned practitioners who need to quickly formulate rule-out lists and diagnostic plans during a busy day of appointments. Cover 1 Title 4 Half Title 2 Copyright 5 Contents 6 1 General Symptoms 24 Obesity 25 Anaemia 26 Abdominal Pain 29 Abdominal Distention 33 Bite and Scratch Wounds 38 Tendency to Bleed 38 Pyrexia and Hyperthermia 42 Hypothermia 45 Icterus/Jaundice 46 Infections, Recurrent 50 Performance Insufficiency 52 Lymph Node Enlargement, Peripheral 59 Oedema, Subcutaneous 61 Sleep Disturbances 62 Mucous Membrane Colour, Abnormal 64 Shock 64 2 Cardiovascular Principal Symptoms 68 Cardiac/Respiratory Arrest 68 Heart Murmurs 70 Cardiac Arrhythmias 73 Heart Sounds, Pathological 77 Cardiomegaly 79 Hypertension, Arterial 82 Pulse Alterations 84 Syncope 85 Pericardial Effusion 87 Thromboembolism, Arterial 87 Cyanosis 89 3 Respiratory Principal Symptoms 92 Respiratory Sounds 92 Dyspnoea 96 Pulmonary Oedema 99 Pulmonary Thromboembolism 100 Pleural Effusion 100 Pneumothorax 101 Cough 103 Lung Sounds 107 Nasal Discharge 109 Epistaxis 113 Reverse Sneezing 116 4 Gastrointestinal Principal Symptoms 118 Anal Pruritus 119 Diarrhoea 120 Dysphagia 124 Stomatitis 125 Vomitus 129 Motility Disturbances 130 Haematemesis 133 Copremesis 134 Emaciation 135 Hypersalivation 138 Coprophagia 142 Faeces, bloody 143 Rectal Tenesmus 146 Faecal Incontinence 148 Meteorism/Flatulence 150 Halitosis 153 Constipation 156 Polyphagia 159 Regurgitation 162 5 Urological Principal Symptoms 164 Urine, Bloody 164 Urinary Urgency 168 Urinary Incontinence and Retention 171 Urinary Tract Infections, Chronic Recurrent 174 Oliguria/Anuria 175 Polydipsia/Polyuria 178 Renomegaly 181 6 Principal Symptoms of the Reproductive Tract 183 Miscarriage/Foetal Death 183 Fertility Disorders 185 Dystocia 188 Testicular Enlargement 190 Mammary Discharge 191 Mammary Enlargement 192 Penile Prolapse 194 Postpartal Complications 195 Preputial Discharge 197 Vaginal Discharge 200 Vaginal Prolapse 202 Abnormal Cycle 203 7 Neurological Principal Symptoms 205 Ataxia 205 Hearing Loss/Deafness 212 Coma 8 Head Tilt 217 Nystagmus 220 Seizures 221 Paralysis 225 Tremor 233 8 Orthopaedic Principal Symptoms 237 Lameness of the fore limb 237 Lameness of the hind limb 242 Lameness of multiple limbs 246 9 Ophthalmological Principal Symptoms 251 Anisocoria 251 Ocular Discharge 254 Reddening of the Eye 255 Cataract 259 Enophthalmos/Exophthalmos 262 Prolapse of the Nictitating Membrane 264 Loss of Eyesight/Blindness 265 Strabismus 269 10 Otological Principal Symptoms 271 Aural Discharge 271 11 Dermatological Principal Symptoms 274 Hair Loss 274 Pruritus 276 Dermal Efflorescences 278 Topographic Distribution Pattern of Skin Diseases 282 12 Toxocological Principal Symptoms 287 Miscarriage 288 Anaemia, Aplastic 288 Anaemia, Haemolytic 289 Anaemia/Methaemoglobinaemia. 289 Anaphylaxis 290 Ataxia 290 Respiratory Distress/Dyspnoea 291 Coagulopathies 292 Intestinal Spasms 293 Vomitus 293 Vomitus and Diarrhoea 294 Hair Loss 295 Skin Reactions, Allergic 295 Cardiac Arrhythmias, Bradycardic 296 Cardiac Arrhythmias, Tachycardic 297 Hypersalivation 297 Coma 298 Seizures 298 Hepatic Damage 300 Miosis 301 Mydriasis 301 Renal Damage 301 Paresis/Paralysis 302 Tremor 302 Central Nervous Depression 303 Central Nervous Excitation 304 Cyanosis 304 13 Behavioural Disorders 306 Aggression 306 Allotriophagia 306 Fearfulness 307 Automutilation 307 Barking, Continuous 307 Micturition Problems 308 Hypersexuality/Nymphomania 308 Infanticide 308 Personality Change 308 14 Paediatrics 309 Cardiac Diseases 310 Respiratory Diseases 310 Gastrointestinal, Liver and Pancreatic Diseases 310 Urinary Tract Diseases 311 Muscular/Bone Diseases 311 Skin Diseases 312 Central Nervous Diseases 313 Spinal Diseases 313 Ocular Diseases 314 Infectious Diseases 314 Metabolic Diseases 319 Immune System Diseases 320 Coagulopathies 320 15 Geriatrics 322 Cardiac Diseases 323 Respiratory Diseases 323 Gastrointestinal Diseases 324 Hepatic/Exocrine Pancreatic Diseases 325 Urinary Tract Diseases 325 Blood/Splenic Diseases 326 Metabolic Diseases 326 Central Nervous Diseases 326 Spinal Diseases 327 Bone/Muscular Diseases 327 Ocular Diseases 328 Reproductive Tract Diseases 328 Skin Diseases 329 Immunoreactive Diseases 329 16 Zoonoses 331 Dog † Human 331 Cat † Human 332 Rodents † Human 333 Domestic birds † Human 333 17 Laboratory Findings 334 Haematology 338 Red Blood Cell Count 338 Haematocrit (Hct) 338 Erythrocytes 338 Haemoglobin (Hb) 338 Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) 339 Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) 339 Reticulocyte Number 339 Reticulocyte Index (RI) 340 Distinguishing Features of Anaemia 340 White Blood Cell Count 341 Leucocyte Number 341 Neutrophil Granulocytes 341 Eosinophil Granulocytes 342 Basophil Granulocytes 343 Lymphocytes 343 Monocytes 343 Further Examination Parameters 344 Blood Sedimentation Rate (BSR) 344 Blood Parasites (Direct Detection) 344 Blood Chemistry 345 Proteins 345 Total Protein (TP) 345 Albumin 345 Globulin 346 A/G Ratio 346 C-reactive Protein (CRP) 346 Haptoglobin 347 Blood Glucose (BG) 347 Blood Glucose (BG) 347 Fructosamine 348 Liver Parameters 348 Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (GPT)/Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) 348 Alkaline Phosphatase (AP) 348 Bilirubin (Total Bilirubin) 349 Ammonium 349 Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (GOT)/Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) 350 Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) 350 Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) 12 Bile Acids 350 Triglycerides 351 Cholesterol 351 Cholinesterase 351 Beta Hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) 351 Gastrointestinal Parameters 351 Gastrin 351 Folic Acid 352 Cobalamin (Vitamin B12) 352 Pancreatic Parameters 352 Amylase 352 Lipase 352 Trypsin-like Immunoreactivity (TLI) Test 352 Pancreas Specific Lipase (cPL, fPL) 353 Renal Parameters 353 Urea 353 Creatinine 354 Cystatin C 354 Distinguishing Features of Azotaemia 355 Muscle Parameters 356 Creatine Kinase (CK) 356 α-Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase (α-HBDH) 356 Troponin 356 Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP/Nt-proBNP) [previously: Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)] 356 Hormones 356 Thyroxin (T4), Free Thyroxin (fT4) 356 Insulin 357 Insulin-Glucose Ratio 357 Beta Oestradiol (17β-) 358 Progesterone 358 Relaxin 358 Canine Prostate-Specific Arginine Asterase (CPSE) 358 Erythropoetin 358 Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF-1) 358 Further Hormones 358 Medications/Toxicology 359 Digoxin 359 Potassium Bromide 359 Phenobarbital 359 Cyclosporin 359 Further Medicines 359 Toxicology 359 Electrolytes 360 Sodium (Na) 360 Potassium (K) 360 Chloride (Cl) 361 Calcium (Ca) 361 Phosphate (P) 362 Magnesium (Mg) 363 Trace Elements 363 Blood Gas Analysis (BGA) 364 Serum Electrophoresis 365 Immunoserology 367 ANA Test (Antinuclear Antibodies) 367 Coombs Test (Direct) 367 Rheumatoid Factor (Rose-Waaler Test) 367 Blood Types 367 Acetylcholine Receptor Antibody Test 368 Microscope Slide Agglutination Test 368 Thyroglobulin Antibody Test 368 (Anti-)Thrombocyte Antibody Test 368 Insulin Antibodies 368 Further Immunological Tests 368 Microbial Serology 368 Moleculargenetic Examinations 371 Coagulation 374 Thrombocyte Number 374 Prothrombin Time (PT) 375 Thromboplastin Time (Quick) 376 (Activated) Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT/aPTT) 376 Fibrin Degradation Products (FDP) 376 Bleeding Time 377 Factor Determination 377 Assessment of Coagulation Tests 378 Urinalysis 379 Urinary Output/Volume 379 Specific Gravity 379 Urine Colour 379 Urine Chemistry 380 Urine Sediment 381 Further Urine Examinations 382 Faecal Examination 383 Analysis of Body Cavity Effusions 384 Thoracic Effusion 384 Abdominal Effusion 384 Pericardial Effusion 385 Cytological Malignancy Criteria 386 Distinguishing Features of Body Cavity Effusion 387 Liquor Analysis 389 Synovial Analysis 390 Analysis of Tracheobronchial Secretion (TBS) 391 Vaginal Cytology 394 Endocrine Function Tests 395 Adrenal Gland Function 395 Dexamethasone Suppression Test (Low Dose) 395 Dexamethasone Suppression Test (High Dose) 396 ACTH Stimulation Test 397 Cortisol/Creatinine Ratio 398 Thyroid Function 398 K Value 398 TRH Stimulation Test 398 TSH Stimulation Test 399 T3 Suppression Test 399 Gonade Function 400 HCG Stimulation Test 400 GnRH Stimulation Test 400 Further Function Tests 400 STH Stimulation Test 400 Diabetes Insipidus Fluid Deprivation Test 401 Bile Acid Stimulation Test 401 18 Appendix: Normal Laboratory Values 402 19 Index 408 Cover......Page 1 Title......Page 4 Half Title......Page 2 Copyright......Page 5 Contents......Page 6 1 General Symptoms......Page 24 Obesity......Page 25 Anaemia......Page 26 Abdominal Pain......Page 29 Abdominal Distention......Page 33 Tendency to Bleed......Page 38 Pyrexia and Hyperthermia......Page 42 Hypothermia......Page 45 Icterus/Jaundice......Page 46 Infections, Recurrent......Page 50 Performance Insufficiency......Page 52 Lymph Node Enlargement, Peripheral......Page 59 Oedema, Subcutaneous......Page 61 Sleep Disturbances......Page 62 Shock......Page 64 Cardiac/Respiratory Arrest......Page 68 Heart Murmurs......Page 70 Cardiac Arrhythmias......Page 73 Heart Sounds, Pathological......Page 77 Cardiomegaly......Page 79 Hypertension, Arterial......Page 82 Pulse Alterations......Page 84 Syncope......Page 85 Thromboembolism, Arterial......Page 87 Cyanosis......Page 89 Respiratory Sounds......Page 92 Dyspnoea......Page 96 Pulmonary Oedema......Page 99 Pleural Effusion......Page 100 Pneumothorax......Page 101 Cough......Page 103 Lung Sounds......Page 107 Nasal Discharge......Page 109 Epistaxis......Page 113 Reverse Sneezing......Page 116 4 Gastrointestinal Principal Symptoms......Page 118 Anal Pruritus......Page 119 Diarrhoea......Page 120 Dysphagia......Page 124 Stomatitis......Page 125 Vomitus......Page 129 Motility Disturbances......Page 130 Haematemesis......Page 133 Copremesis......Page 134 Emaciation......Page 135 Hypersalivation......Page 138 Coprophagia......Page 142 Faeces, bloody......Page 143 Rectal Tenesmus......Page 146 Faecal Incontinence......Page 148 Meteorism/Flatulence......Page 150 Halitosis......Page 153 Constipation......Page 156 Polyphagia......Page 159 Regurgitation......Page 162 Urine, Bloody......Page 164 Urinary Urgency......Page 168 Urinary Incontinence and Retention......Page 171 Urinary Tract Infections, Chronic Recurrent......Page 174 Oliguria/Anuria......Page 175 Polydipsia/Polyuria......Page 178 Renomegaly......Page 181 Miscarriage/Foetal Death......Page 183 Fertility Disorders......Page 185 Dystocia......Page 188 Testicular Enlargement......Page 190 Mammary Discharge......Page 191 Mammary Enlargement......Page 192 Penile Prolapse......Page 194 Postpartal Complications......Page 195 Preputial Discharge......Page 197 Vaginal Discharge......Page 200 Vaginal Prolapse......Page 202 Abnormal Cycle......Page 203 Ataxia......Page 205 Hearing Loss/Deafness......Page 212 Coma......Page 8 Head Tilt......Page 217 Nystagmus......Page 220 Seizures......Page 221 Paralysis......Page 225 Tremor......Page 233 Lameness of the fore limb......Page 237 Lameness of the hind limb......Page 242 Lameness of multiple limbs......Page 246 Anisocoria......Page 251 Ocular Discharge......Page 254 Reddening of the Eye......Page 255 Cataract......Page 259 Enophthalmos/Exophthalmos......Page 262 Prolapse of the Nictitating Membrane......Page 264 Loss of Eyesight/Blindness......Page 265 Strabismus......Page 269 Aural Discharge......Page 271 Hair Loss......Page 274 Pruritus......Page 276 Dermal Efflorescences......Page 278 Topographic Distribution Pattern of Skin Diseases......Page 282 12 Toxocological Principal Symptoms......Page 287 Anaemia, Aplastic......Page 288 Anaemia/Methaemoglobinaemia.......Page 289 Ataxia......Page 290 Respiratory Distress/Dyspnoea......Page 291 Coagulopathies......Page 292 Vomitus......Page 293 Vomitus and Diarrhoea......Page 294 Skin Reactions, Allergic......Page 295 Cardiac Arrhythmias, Bradycardic......Page 296 Hypersalivation......Page 297 Seizures......Page 298 Hepatic Damage......Page 300 Renal Damage......Page 301 Tremor......Page 302 Central Nervous Depression......Page 303 Cyanosis......Page 304 Allotriophagia......Page 306 Barking, Continuous......Page 307 Personality Change......Page 308 14 Paediatrics......Page 309 Gastrointestinal, Liver and Pancreatic Diseases......Page 310 Muscular/Bone Diseases......Page 311 Skin Diseases......Page 312 Spinal Diseases......Page 313 Infectious Diseases......Page 314 Metabolic Diseases......Page 319 Coagulopathies......Page 320 15 Geriatrics......Page 322 Respiratory Diseases......Page 323 Gastrointestinal Diseases......Page 324 Urinary Tract Diseases......Page 325 Central Nervous Diseases......Page 326 Bone/Muscular Diseases......Page 327 Reproductive Tract Diseases......Page 328 Immunoreactive Diseases......Page 329 Dog † Human......Page 331 Cat † Human......Page 332 Domestic birds † Human......Page 333 17 Laboratory Findings......Page 334 Haemoglobin (Hb)......Page 338 Reticulocyte Number......Page 339 Distinguishing Features of Anaemia......Page 340 Neutrophil Granulocytes......Page 341 Eosinophil Granulocytes......Page 342 Monocytes......Page 343 Blood Parasites (Direct Detection)......Page 344 Albumin......Page 345 C-reactive Protein (CRP)......Page 346 Blood Glucose (BG)......Page 347 Alkaline Phosphatase (AP)......Page 348 Ammonium......Page 349 Bile Acids......Page 350 Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)......Page 12 Gastrin......Page 351 Trypsin-like Immunoreactivity (TLI) Test......Page 352 Urea......Page 353 Cystatin C......Page 354 Distinguishing Features of Azotaemia......Page 355 Thyroxin (T4), Free Thyroxin (fT4)......Page 356 Insulin-Glucose Ratio......Page 357 Further Hormones......Page 358 Toxicology......Page 359 Potassium (K)......Page 360 Calcium (Ca)......Page 361 Phosphate (P)......Page 362 Trace Elements......Page 363 Blood Gas Analysis (BGA)......Page 364 Serum Electrophoresis......Page 365 Blood Types......Page 367 Microbial Serology......Page 368 Moleculargenetic Examinations......Page 371 Thrombocyte Number......Page 374 Prothrombin Time (PT)......Page 375 Fibrin Degradation Products (FDP)......Page 376 Factor Determination......Page 377 Assessment of Coagulation Tests......Page 378 Urine Colour......Page 379 Urine Chemistry......Page 380 Urine Sediment......Page 381 Further Urine Examinations......Page 382 Faecal Examination......Page 383 Abdominal Effusion......Page 384 Pericardial Effusion......Page 385 Cytological Malignancy Criteria......Page 386 Distinguishing Features of Body Cavity Effusion......Page 387 Liquor Analysis......Page 389 Synovial Analysis......Page 390 Analysis of Tracheobronchial Secretion (TBS)......Page 391 Vaginal Cytology......Page 394 Dexamethasone Suppression Test (Low Dose)......Page 395 Dexamethasone Suppression Test (High Dose)......Page 396 ACTH Stimulation Test......Page 397 TRH Stimulation Test......Page 398 T3 Suppression Test......Page 399 STH Stimulation Test......Page 400 Bile Acid Stimulation Test......Page 401 18 Appendix: Normal Laboratory Values......Page 402 19 Index......Page 408 A handy pocket reference book for the busy practising vet, The Handbook of Symptoms in Dogs and Cats will be an invaluable practice resource, ideal as a quick look-up guide for common conditions. This book will allow vets to look up a condition and identify the cause of the problem through a list of symptoms. It includes one-hundred main symptoms and their differential diagnoses, and one-hundred laboratory findings, their standard values, analysis, and diagnostic pathways for each symptom, along with numerous tables for finding the confirming diagnosis. This practical and up-to-date manual is an indispensable companion for all small animal medicine veterinarians, as well as for students of veterinary medicine. Translated from Leitsymptome und Leitbefunde bei Hund und Differenzialdiagnostischer Leitfaden (3rd Ed.), published by Schattauer. *** "The format is particularly helpful for veterinary students and new graduates who are still developing their problem-based learning skills. This book will also be handy for seasoned practitioners who need to quickly formulate rule-out lists and diagnostic plans during a busy day of appointments." --Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, Vol. 252, No. 6, March 15, 2018[ Veterinary Medicine] A handy pocket reference book for the busy practising vet providing a differential diagnosis guide to common conditions, The Handbook of Symptoms in Dogs and Cats is an invaluable practice resource ideal as a quick look-up guide during consultation. The book allows vets to look up a condition and identify the cause of the problem through a list of symptoms. It includes: 100 Main symptoms and their differential diagnoses and 100 laboratory findings, their standard values and analysis and diagnostic pathways for each symptom along with numerous tables for finding the confirming diagnosis. This practical and up-to-date manual is an indispensable companion for all small animal medicine veterinarians as well as for students of veterinary medicine Translated from Leitsymptome und Leitbefunde bei Hund und Katze: Differenzialdiagnostischer Leitfaden 3rd Ed, published by Schattauer.