Handbook of Sports Medicine and Science: Swimming 2e

The long awaited new edition of Swimming updates the highly successful first edition edited by Costill, Maglishco and Richardson which was published in the early 1990s. The Second Edition contains less material on how to swim and more on the physics of swimming. It contains information on the latest methods of analyzing swim performances. It presents current sports science knowledge specifically relevant to coaching swimmers at club, county or national level. Covering characteristics of swimming including important concepts in propulsion, functional anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, biomechanics and psychology. The Handbooks of Sports Medicine and Science present basic clinical and scientific information in a clear style and format as related to specific sports events drawn from the Olympic Summer and Winter Games. Each Handbook is written by a small team of authorities co-ordinated by an editor who has international respect and visibility in the particular sport activity. Their charge is to present material for medical doctors who work with athletes, team coaches who have academic preparation in basic science, physical therapists and other allied health personnel, and knowledgeable athletes. Each volume represents up-to-date information on the basic biology of the sport, conditioning techniques, nutrition, and the medical aspects of injury prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation. Cover Page Title Page ISBN 0632059141 Contents (with page links) List of Contributors Foreword by the IOC Foreword by FlNA Preface Chapter 1 Energy systems Introduction Energy for exercise Source of energy for exercise Metabolic substrates: carbohydrates, fats, and proteins Three metabolic pathways ATP-CP the (nearly) immediately available energy Glycolysis Aerobic metabolism Relative contributions of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism Energy production as a function of event distance Velocity vs. power Maximal aerobic capacity The Swimgate test of anaerobic power Energy systems as a function of swim duration Significance of the lactate curve The role of genetics Lactate and training Test sets Effects of training on the energy pathways Energy pathways during a swim workout Conclusions Reference Recommended reading Chapter 2 Central adaptations: heart, blood, and lung Evolutionary ideas Symmorphosis Weak link theory Adaptations to training The heart Heart size Cardiac output Heart rate The blood Hemoglobin Training responses Hemoglobin production The lung The swimmer’s lung Ventilation Breathing patterns Breath holding Controlled frequency breathing (hypoxic training) Snorkel training Summary Recommended reading Chapter 3 Peripheral adaptations: the skeletal muscles Introduction: sprint vs. endurance Muscle anatomy Muscular strength and power Hypertrophy The central nervous system Force-velocity relationship Skeletal muscle mass Specialization Sprint muscle Physical characteristics Training Sprint talent identification General conclusions on sprinters Distance events Physical characteristics Mental characteristics Training Motivation Taper Conclusions Chapter 4 The mechanics of swimming Introduction Fluid mechanics for swimmers General mechanics definitions Properties and characteristics of a fluid Dimensionless parameters of fluid mechanics General categories of fluid motion Categories of flow that apply to swimming Principle of relative motion for steady flow Recommended reading Chapter 5 Resistance and propulsion Newton’s laws of motion Newton’s second law for swimmers Drag and lift forces Aerodynamic body types The drag and lift equations for steady flow Fluid added mass and the drag equation for unsteady flow The quasi-steady approach to force evaluation The acceleration number Comparison: quasi-steady forces vs. actual unsteady forces The types of drag Factors that affect a swimmer’s drag Form drag Effect of the boundary layer on form drag Effect of body shape, body size, and orientation on form drag Effect of velocity on form drag Effect of acceleration on form drag Effect of surface roughness on form drag Effect of water density on form drag Effect of free stream water turbulence on form drag Effect of water temperature on form drag Effect of submergence depth on form drag Skin friction drag Effect of the boundary layer on skin friction drag Effect of body shape, size, and orientation on skin friction drag Effect of velocity on skin friction drag Effect of acceleration on skin friction drag Effect of surface roughness on skin friction drag Effect of water density on skin friction drag Effect of water temperature on skin friction drag Effect of freestream water turbulence on skin friction drag Effect of submergence depth on skin friction drag Wave draa External waves Internal waves Effect of body shape, size, and orientation on wave drag Effect of velocity on wave drag Effect of acceleration on wave drag Effect of surface roughness on wave drag Effect of water density on wave drag Effect of water temperature on wave drag Effect of free stream water turbulence on wave drag Effect of submergence depth on wave drag Spray drag Steady-state spray drag Impulsive spray drag Interference drag External interference Internal interference Induced drag Bernoulli’s principle 'Fast' pools The fluid mechanics of swimsuits To plane or not to plane Sharkskin Riblets Propulsion Arm motions of the four competitive strokes Hand and arm propulsion Effect of size and shape of the hand and arm on propulsion Effect of stroke direction on propulsion Effect of orientation of the hand and arm on propulsion Effect of hand and arm position on propulsion Effect of hand and arm velocity on propulsion Effect of stroke acceleration and deceleration on propulsion Foot and propulsion Summary of hand and arm propulsion The flutter kick The dolphin kick The breaststroke kick Body motion and position Water entry Swimming theories Swimming mechanics: where should we go from here? References Chapter 6 Psychology Introduction Predisposing psychological factors in sport performance: personality Selecting team members Training factors: mood state Acute mood state responses to physical training Mood state responses to training and the staleness syndrome Precompetition factors: state anxiety Psychological variables during competition Imagery confidence Conclusions References Chapter 7 Medical issues related to swimming Asthma What is asthma? The diagnosis of asthma Antiasthma drugs Anemia Causes of anemia Diagnosis of anemia Treatment of anemia The ears, eyes, nose, and throat in swimmers Swimmer’s ear (otitis externa) Otitis media Swimmer’s exostoses (osteomata) Conjunctivitis Pterygia Sinusitis Injury prevention in young aquatic athletes The young skeleton Growth site injury Overuse injuries Specific sites of swimming injury Other medical conditions (nonorthopedic) Infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever) Skin conditions Overtraining in swimmers The use of performance enhancing drugs in swimming Nutritional supplements Recommended reading Chapter 8 Training and testing of competitive swimmers Mesocycle Macrocycle Microcycle Volume before intensity Training plan for a season Prescription of training speeds Preseason Early season Tapering Championship season Recovery or off-season Periodizing to build endurance and speed-An example Macrocycle 1: aerobic (weeks 14) Macrocycle 2: aerobic/anaerobic (weeks 5-8) Macrocycle 3: transition (weeks 9-12) Macrocycle 4: taper and competition (weeks 12-14) Sequential loading of training microcycles Three-day microcycle example Physiological testing of swimmers Rationale for testing Pool-based testing Body composition Performance analysis Interpretation Future directions References Index (with page links) Back Page

The long awaited new edition of Swimming updates the highly successful first edition edited by Costill, Maglishco and Richardson which was published in the early 1990s. The Second Edition contains less material on how to swim and more on the physics of swimming. It contains information on the latest methods of analyzing swim performances.

It presents current sports science knowledge specifically relevant to coaching swimmers at club, county or national level. Covering characteristics of swimming including important concepts in propulsion, functional anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, biomechanics and psychology.

The Handbooks of Sports Medicine and Science present basic clinical and scientific information in a clear style and format as related to specific sports events drawn from the Olympic Summer and Winter Games. Each Handbook is written by a small team of authorities co-ordinated by an editor who has international respect and visibility in the particular sport activity. Their charge is to present material for medical doctors who work with athletes, team coaches who have academic preparation in basic science, physical therapists and other allied health personnel, and knowledgeable athletes. Each volume represents up-to-date information on the basic biology of the sport, conditioning techniques, nutrition, and the medical aspects of injury prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation.

"This second edition updates the highly successful first edition published in the early 1990s. The intention of the new editors is to interpret current sports science knowledge as it specifically pertains to coaching swimmers at club, county or national level. The handbook is not intended to be a scientist-to-scientist textbook, but rather a scientist-to-physician/coach/trainer/athlete/parent handbook."--Jacket This unique series for the team physician, trainer, coach and elite athlete presents basic science and clinical information in an accessible style. Each volume gives up-to-date information on the basic biology of the sport, conditioning techniques, nutrition, and the medical aspects of injury prevention and treatment