Handbook of Ratings : Approaches to Ratings in the Economy, Sports, and Society

This handbook presents a systematic overview of approaches to, diversity, and problems involved in interdisciplinary rating methodologies. Historically, the purpose of ratings is to achieve information transparency regarding a given body’s activities, whether in the field of finance, banking, or sports for example. This book focuses on commonly used rating methods in three important fields: finance, sports, and the social sector. In the world of finance, investment decisions are largely shaped by how positively or negatively economies or financial instruments are rated. Ratings have thus become a basis of trust for investors. Similarly, sports evaluation and funding are largely based on core ratings. From local communities to groups of nations, public investment and funding are also dependent on how these bodies are continuously rated against expected performance targets. As such, ratings need to reflect the consensus of all stakeholders on selected aspects of the work and how to evaluate their success. The public should also have the opportunity to participate in this process. The authors examine current rating approaches from a variety of proposals that are closest to the public consensus, analyzing the rating models and summarizing the methods of their construction. This handbook offers a valuable reference guide for managers, analysts, economists, business informatics specialists, and researchers alike. Front Matter....Pages i-xviii Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Ratings as Tools of Informational Transparency....Pages 3-23 Front Matter....Pages 25-25 Credit Ratings as A Financial Risk Measure....Pages 27-61 Modelling of Credit Ratings....Pages 63-106 Ratings for the Regulation of Financial Markets....Pages 107-125 Ratings of Quality and Management....Pages 127-152 Front Matter....Pages 153-153 Problem of Rating in Sports and Its Possible Solutions....Pages 155-185 Evolution of Ideas About Rating and Ranking in Sports....Pages 187-200 A Universal Solution to the Problem of Ratings and Rankings in Sports....Pages 201-226 Management Based on the Universal Rating Model....Pages 227-261 Front Matter....Pages 263-263 Ratings and Rankings of Supranational Level....Pages 265-294 Ratings and Rankings of National Level....Pages 295-342 Ratings and Rankings of Personal Level....Pages 343-356