Handbook of Obesity - Volume 1: Epidemiology, Etiology, and Physiopathology, 4th Edition

This 2 volume set comprises of the 4th edition of Volume 1 and the 5thth edition of Volume 2. The fifth edition of Volume 1 of Handbook of Obesity written by global experts covers the basic science aspects under the broad topic areas of epidemiology, etiology, and pathophysiology of obesity. Divided into 5 sections and detailed in 66 chapters, this edition covers the important advances occurring over the past decades. With a focus on science of obesity and factors participating in the etiology of obesity, this topic is studied from biological, behavioural, and environmental perspectives. Volume 1 is structured into 5 parts: Part 1 focuses on the history, definitions, and prevalence of the obesity. It identifies the historical references to excess weight, obesity in art and literature, direct and surrogate measurements of adiposity and obesity related traits, epidemiology of obesity around the globe, and age, sex, and ethnic variation completes this part of the volume. Part 2 explains the biological determinants of obesity. It explains the bioenergetics, energy dissipation mechanisms and exposure to experimental overfeeding, genetic and epigenetic evidence, metabolic rates, energy expenditure and energy partitioning, and the evidence on infections and adiposity. Part 3 describes the behavioral determinants of obesity. It deals with chapters related to food, beverages, and ingestive behavior, dealing with smoking, breast-feeding, and sleep duration and pattern, and sedentary behavior, occupational work, and leisure-time physical activity and obesity. Part 4 comprises of chapters explaining the environmental, social, and cultural determinants of obesity. The chapters in this section focus on the role of agriculture and the food industry in the current obesity epidemic, social and economic aspects of obesity, and ethnic and cultural differences, and environmental pollutants. Part 5 of this volume discusses the health consequences of obesity. The chapters address important topics such obesity and heart disease, lipoprotein metabolism, insulin resistance and diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cancer, hepatic biology, pulmonary functions, and arthritis and gout, mental health and quality of life, growth and health disorders in pediatric populations, and on bias and discrimination affecting the obese persons. Volume 2 of the 5th Edition of the Handbook of Obesity spotlights on clinical applications for evaluation, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of obesity. It covers on the several major developments occurred between the previous and the new edition, including the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on people with obesity, the concept of'Precision Medicine', and new medications approved by USFDA aiding patients with obesity weight loss of 15 to 20%. This volume is structured into 5 parts: Part 1 provides insights from evolution on changes in diet and physical activity, and the implications and results for preventing obesity, health care costs associated with obesity and the cost-effectiveness of obesity prevention and treatment. Part 2 deals with evaluation of overweight patients, approaches for classifying obesity and using this knowledge to evaluate patients, and addressing ethnic and racial considerations in evaluating patients with obesity. Part 3 explains the impact of lifestyle in managing obesity, which include behavioural management, diet, dietary composition, and meal timing, and the effects of physical activity and exercise in weight loss and weight loss maintenance. Part 4 is focused on medications in the management of obesity. This includes drug selection, various classes of drugs, combination of drugs affecting weight loss, effect of herbal agents on weight loss and treatment of obesity in pediatric populations, genetic diseases causing obesity and the role of drugs in treating the dyslipidemias. Part 5 discusses baria Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Table of Contents Preface About the Editors Associate Editors Contributors Introduction to Volume 1 Part 1 History, Definitions, and Prevalence Chapter 1 From Hippocrates to the Obesity Society: A Brief History Chapter 2 Obesity in Art and Literature Chapter 3 Measurement of Total Adiposity, Regional Fat Depots, and Ectopic Fat Chapter 4 Anthropometric Indicators of Adiposity in Relation to the Gold Standards Chapter 5 Worldwide and Regional Prevalence of Obesity Chapter 6 Age, Sex, Ethnicity, and Other Sources of Variation in the Prevalence of Obesity Part 2 Biological Determinants of Obesity Chapter 7 Bioenergetics and Obesity Chapter 8 Mitochondrial Metabolic Inefficiencies in Skeletal Muscle: Implications for Obesity and Weight Loss Chapter 9 Human Experimental Overfeeding Chapter 10 Biology of Calorie Restriction and Intermittent Fasting Chapter 11 Genetic Epidemiology and Obesity Chapter 12 Genetic Variation and Obesity Chapter 13 Single-Gene Defects and Obesity Chapter 14 Micro and Long RNAs as Regulators in Obesity Chapter 15 Epigenetics and Obesity Chapter 16 The Role of Adipocyte Precursors in Development and Obesity Chapter 17 Small Animal Models of Obesity Chapter 18 Obesity in Nonhuman Primates Chapter 19 The Transcriptome, Proteome, and Metabolome of Obesity Chapter 20 CNS Regulation of Energy Balance Chapter 21 Gastrointestinal Regulation of Energy Balance Chapter 22 Gut Microbiome and Obesity Chapter 23 Sympathetic Nervous System and Obesity Chapter 24 Hypothalamic–Pituitary Hormones and Obesity Chapter 25 Brown, Beige, and White Adipocyte Development Chapter 26 Adipose Tissue Metabolism, Adipokines, and Obesity Chapter 27 Hepatic, Visceral, Pancreatic, and Cardiac Fat Deposition Chapter 28 Skeletal Muscle Metabolism and Obesity Chapter 29 Resting Metabolic Rate, Thermic Effect of Food, and Obesity Chapter 30 Energy Cost of Exercise, Post-Exercise Metabolic Rates, and Obesity Chapter 31 Energy Partitioning, Substrate Oxidation Rates, and Obesity Chapter 32 COVID-19, Other Microbial Infections, and Obesity Part 3 Behavioral Determinants of Obesity Chapter 33 Obesity and Dietary Intake Chapter 34 Beverages and Obesity: A Review of Current Scientific Evidence Chapter 35 Obesity and Sedentary Time at Work and Home Chapter 36 Leisure Time Physical Activity and Obesity Chapter 37 Role of Early Life Nutrition and Breastfeeding on Obesity Development Chapter 38 Tobacco Use, Marijuana Use, Vaping, and Obesity Chapter 39 Sleep and Obesity Chapter 40 Eating Disorders and Obesity Part 4 Environmental, Social, and Cultural Determinants of Obesity Chapter 41 The Role of the Food Industry in Obesity Chapter 42 Transportation Policies and Obesity Chapter 43 Urban Environment and Obesity Chapter 44 Social and Economic Factors Related to Obesity across the Globe Chapter 45 Influence of Culture on Obesity Chapter 46 Environmental Chemicals and Obesity Part 5 Consequences of Obesity Chapter 47 Obesity and Mortality Chapter 48 Obesity and Heart Disease Chapter 49 Obesity and Hypertension Chapter 50 Obesity and Lipoprotein Metabolism Chapter 51 Obesity and Insulin Resistance Chapter 52 Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Chapter 53 Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Chapter 54 Obesity and Cancer Chapter 55 Obesity and Inflammation Chapter 56 Obesity, Gallbladder, and Gastrointestinal Diseases Chapter 57 Obesity and Liver Diseases Chapter 58 Obesity, Lung Function, and Lung Disease Chapter 59 Obesity and Gout Chapter 60 Obesity, Osteoarthritis, and Bone Disorders Chapter 61 Obesity and Cognitive Decline Chapter 62 Obesity, Mental Health, and Health-Related Quality of Life Chapter 63 Obesity and Reproductive Dysfunction Chapter 64 Obesity in Pregnancy Complications and Outcomes Chapter 65 Obesity, Growth, Development, Metabolic Disorder, and Insulin Resistance in Pediatrics Chapter 66 Bias, Discrimination, and Obesity Index