راهنمای تصویربرداری پزشکی: مدیریت پردازش و تحلیل (مهندسی زیست‌پزشکی)

This book presents more than fifty detailed expositions in a half-dozen major areas: - Enhancement of indistinct images, - Segmentation into regions with different physiological meaning, - Quantification of textures, structural features, and diagnostic markers, - Registration of images from multiple modalities, times, or patients, - Visualization of complex data in intuitively meaningful displays, and - Compression and storage of the vast volumes of data in even a single image. Many chapters apply well-known image processing and image understanding techniques, sometimes with extensions for volumetric data. For example, there's diagnostic information in the angle between two parts of a bony structure, but X-ray images generally foreshorten structures tilted away from the image plane; 3D reconstruction techniques help out here. Segmentation problems take on special urgency when used to isolate lesions or other abnormalities. Techniques often merge in solving any one problem. For example, identifying a brain lesion might first require segmenting the different kinds of tissue using volumetric adaptation of common imaging techniques, warping the standard physiological model to match the patient's unique anatomy, then applying neural networks or other mechanisms to identify the differences of clinical interest. Then, as any mammogram patient knows, non-rigid tissues can shift during imaging so that the picture taken corresponds only roughly to the body structures as they appear normally. The target reader has rich mathematical background, and some working understanding of image-capture technologies and of diagnosticians' needs. This book aims squarely at the engineer translating the image data into medically useful forms, without losing data of diagnostic importance (and this means you, all you image-compressors out there). By design, this addresses the higher levels of image computation. It deals only occasionally with instrumentation issues, such as image reconstruction. I was interested to learn, however, that the strength of MRI as a tool for chemical analysis is a problem in imaging - the same chemical shifts that represent molecular structure actually mis-represent physiological structure. This massive book offers a lot to many practitioners in the computations behind contemporary medical imaging. For others, however, the 900-page thickness will be most helpful when a small child sits at a tall table, once she's too big for a booster seat. My immediate needs have to do with image reconstruction from raw data, a topic addressed only tangentially here, so I'm in the second category. -- wiredweird Contents......Page 8 Part I Enhancement......Page 18 1 Fundamental Enhancement Techniques......Page 20 2 Adaptive Image Filtering......Page 36 3 Enhancement by Multiscale Nonlinear Operators......Page 50 4 Medical Image Enhancement with Hybrid Filters......Page 74 Part II Segmentation......Page 84 5 Overview and Fundamentals of Medical Image Segmentation......Page 86 6 Image Segmentation by Fuzzy Clustering: Methods and Issues......Page 104 7 Segmentation with Neural Networks......Page 124 8 Deformable Models......Page 144 9 Shape Constraints in Deformable Models......Page 164 10 Gradient Vector Flow Deformable Models......Page 176 11 Fully Automated Hybrid Segmentation of the Brain......Page 188 12 Volumetric Segmentation......Page 202 13 Partial Volume Segmentation with Voxel Histograms......Page 212 Part III Quantification......Page 230 14 Two-Dimensional Shape and Texture Quantification......Page 232 15 Texture Analysis in Three Dimensions as to Cue to Medical Diagnosis......Page 248 16 computational Neuroanatomy Using Shape Transformations......Page 266 17 Arterial Tree Morphometry......Page 278 18 Image-Based Computational Biomechanics of the Musculoskeletal System......Page 302 19 Three-Dimensional Bone Angle Quantification......Page 316 20 Database Selection and Feature Extraction for Neural Networks......Page 328 21 Quantitative Image Analysis for Estimation of Breast Cancer Risk......Page 340 22 Classification of Breast Lesions from Mammograms......Page 358 23 Quantitative Analysis of Cardiac Functions......Page 376 24 Image Processing and Analysis in Tagged Cardiac MRI......Page 392 25 Image Interpolation and Resampling......Page 410 Part IV Registration......Page 438 26 Physical Basis of Spactial Distortions in Magnetic Resonance Images......Page 442 27 Physical and Biological Bases in Spatial Distortions in Positron Emission Tomography Images......Page 456 28 Biological Underpinnings of Anatomic Consistency and Variability in the Human Brain......Page 466 29 Spatial Transformation Models......Page 482 30 Validation of Registration Accuracy......Page 508 31 Landmark-Based Registration Using Features Identified Through Differential Geometry......Page 516 32 Image Registration Using Chamfer Matching......Page 532 33 Within-Modality Registration Using Intensity-Based Cast Functions......Page 546 34 Across-Modality Registration Using Intensity-Based Cost Functions......Page 554 36 Warping Strategies for Intersubject Registration......Page 586 37 Optimizing the Resampling of Registered Images......Page 620 38 Clinical Applications of Image Registration......Page 630 39 Registration for Image-Guided Surgery......Page 640 40 Image Registration and the Construction of Multidimensional Brain Atlases......Page 652 Part V Visualization......Page 672 41 Visualization Pathways in Biomedicine......Page 676 42 Three-Dimensional Visualization in Medicine and Biology......Page 702 43 Volume Visualization in Medicine......Page 730 44 Fast Isosurface Extraction Methods for Large Image Data Sets......Page 748 45 Morphometric Methods for Virtual Endoscopy......Page 764 Part VI Compression Storage and Communication......Page 774 46 Fundamentals and Standards of Compression and Communications......Page 776 47 Medical Image Archive, Retrieval, and Communication......Page 788 48 Image Standardization in PACS......Page 800 49 Quality Evaluation for Compressed Medical Images: Fundamentals......Page 820 50 Quality Evaluation for Compressed Medical Images: Diagnostic Accuracy......Page 838 51 Quality Evaluation for Compressed Medical Images: Statistical Issues......Page 858 52 Three-Dimensional Image Compression with Wavelet Transforms......Page 868 53 Medical Image Processing and Analysis Software......Page 880 In recent years, the remarkable advances in medical imaging instruments have increased their use considerably for diagnostics as well as planning and follow-up of treatment. Emerging from the fields of radiology, medical physics and engineering, medical imaging no longer simply deals with the technology and interpretation of radiographic images. The limitless possibilities presented by computer science and technology, coupled with engineering advances in signal processing, optics and nuclear medicine have created the vastly expanded field of medical imaging. The Handbook of Medical Imaging is the first comprehensive compilation of the concepts and techniques used to analyze and manipulate medical images after they have been generated or digitized. The Handbook is organized in six sections that relate to the main functions needed for processing: enhancement, segmentation, quantification, registration, visualization as well as compression storage and telemedicine.


* Internationally renowned authors(Johns Hopkins, Harvard, UCLA, Yale, Columbia, UCSF)
* Includes imaging and visualization
* Contains over 60 pages of stunning, four-color images Medical images are often deteriorated by noise due to various sources of interference and other phenomena that affect the measurement processes in imaging and data acquisition systems.