Handbook of Lasers (Laser and Optical Science and Technology)

• Comprehensive data for all lasers in all media • More than 15,000 laser wavelengths, from millimeter waves to soft X-rays • Extensive references to the primary literature • Subsections on commercially available lasers • Coverage of X-ray lasers, free electron lasers, and nuclear-pumped lasers Lasers continue to be an amazingly robust field of activity. Anyone seeking a photon source is now confronted with an enormous number of possible lasers and laser wavelengths to choose from, but no single, comprehensive source to help them make that choice. The Handbook of Lasers provides an authoritative compilation of lasers, their properties, and original references in a readily accessible form. Organized by lasing media-solids, liquids, and gases-each section is subdivided into distinct laser types. Each type carries a brief description, followed by tables listing the lasing element or medium, host, lasing transition and wavelength, operating properties, primary literature citations, and, for broadband lasers, reported tuning ranges. The importance and value of the Handbook of Lasers cannot be overstated. Serving as both an archive and as an indicator of emerging trends, it reflects the state of knowledge and development in the field, provides a rapid means of obtaining reference data, and offers a pathway to the literature. It contains data useful for comparison with predictions and for developing models of processes, and may reveal fundamental inconsistencies or conflicts in the data. Header 1 Hanbook of Lasers -1 Periodic Table Of The Elements 2 Preface 4 General Reading 7 The Author 8 Advisory Board 9 Contributors 10 Contents 16 Section 1: Solid State Lasers 20 1.0 Introduction 21 1.1 CRYSTALLINE PARAMAGNETIC ION LASERS 23 1.1.1 Introduction 23 1.1.2 Host Crystals Used for Transition Metal Laser Ions 37 1.1.3 Host Crystals Used for Lanthanide Laser Ions 38 1.1.4 Tables of Transition Metal Ion Lasers 47 1.1.5 Tables of Divalent Lanthanide Lasers 54 1.1.6 Tables of Trivalent Lanthanide Ion Lasers 55 1.1.7 Actinide Ion Lasers 118 1.1.8 Other Ions and Crystals Exhibiting Gain 119 1.1.9 Self-Frequency-Doubled Lasers 119 1.1.10 Commercial Crystalline Transition Metal Ion Lasers 121 1.1.11 Commercial Crystalline Lanthanide Ion Lasers 122 1.1.12 References 124 1.2 GLASS LASERS 181 1.2.1 Introduction 181 1.2.2 Tables of Glass Lasers 187 1.2.3 Glass Amplifiers 201 1.2.4 Commercial Glass Lasers 202 1.2.5 References 203 1.3 SOLID STATE DYE LASERS 215 1.3.1 Introduction 215 1.3.2 Dye Doped Organic Lasers 216 1.3.3 Silica and Silica-Gel Dye Lasers 225 1.3.4 Dye Doped Inorganic Crystal Lasers 229 1.3.5 Dye Doped Glass Lasers 229 1.3.6 Dye Doped Gelatin Lasers 230 1.3.7 Dye Doped Biological Material Lasers 230 1.3.8 Commercial Solid State Dye Laser 230 1.3.9 References 231 1.4 COLOR CENTER LASERS 236 1.4.1 Introduction 236 1.4.2 Centers and Crystals for Color Center Lasers 238 1.4.3 Table of Color Center Lasers 240 1.4.4 Commercial Color Center Lasers 245 1.4.5 References 245 1.5 SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS 249 1.5.1 Introduction 249 1.5.2 II-VI Compound Lasers 253 1.5.3 Mercury II-VI Compound Lasers 255 1.5.4 III-V Compound Lasers 256 1.5.5 III-V Compound Antimonide Lasers 260 1.5.6 Nitride Lasers 261 1.5.7 Lead IV-VI Compound Lasers 262 1.5.8 Germanium-Silicon Intervalence Band Lasers 263 1.5.9 Other Semiconductor Lasers 264 1.5.10 Quantum Cascade and Intersubband Lasers 265 1.5.11 Vertical Cavity Lasers 267 1.5.12 Commercial Semiconductor Lasers 269 1.5.13 References 270 1.6 POLYMER LASERS 290 1.6.1 Introduction 290 1.6.2 Pure Polymer Lasers 291 1.6.3 Dye Doped Polymer Lasers 295 1.6.4 Rare Earth Doped Polymer Lasers 305 1.7 SOLID STATE EXCIMER LASERS 306 1.8 RAMAN, BRILLOUIN, AND SOLITON LASERS 307 1.8.1 Introduction 307 1.8.2 Crystalline Raman Lasers 308 1.8.3 Fiber Raman Lasers and Amplifiers 311 1.8.4 Fiber Soliton Lasers 312 1.8.5 Fiber Brillouin Lasers 313 1.8.6 References 314 Section 2: Liquid Lasers 319 2.1 LIQUID ORGANIC DYE LASERS 320 2.1.1 Introduction 320 2.1.2 Chemical Nomenclature 322 2.1.3 Tables of Liquid Organic Dye Lasers 325 2.1.4 Commercial Dye Lasers 375 2.1.5 Dye Laser Tuning Curves 375 2.1.6 References 382 2.2 RARE EARTH LIQUID LASERS 390 2.2.1 Introduction 390 2.2.2 Chelate Lasers 390 2.2.3 Aprotic Liquid Lasers 396 2.3 LIQUID POLYMER LASERS 399 2.4 LIQUID EXCIMER LASERS 400 Section 3: Gas Lasers 401 3.0 Introduction 402 3.1 NEUTRAL ATOM GAS LASERS 404 3.1.1 Introduction 404 3.1.2 Tables of Neutral Atom Gas Lasers 406 3.1.2.1 Group IA Lasers 407 3.1.2.2 Group IB Lasers 410 3.1.2.3 Group IIA Lasers 412 3.1.2.4 Group IIB Lasers 414 3.1.2.5 Group IIIA Lasers 417 3.1.2.6 Group IVA Lasers 420 3.1.2.7 Group IVB Lasers 423 3.1.2.8 Group VA Lasers 424 3.1.2.9 VB Lasers 428 3.1.2.10 Group VIA Lasers 429 3.1.2.11 Group VII Lasers 435 3.1.2.12 Group VIIB Lasers 442 3.1.2.13 Group VIII Lasers 442 3.1.2.14 Group VIIIA Lasers 446 3.2 IONIZED GAS LASERS 473 3.2.1 Introduction 473 3.2.2 Energy Level Diagrams 475 3.2.3 Tables of Ionized Gas Lasers 490 3.2.3.1 Group IA Lasers 491 3.2.3.2 Group IB Lasers 491 3.2.3.3 Group IIA Lasers 496 3.2.3.4 Group IIB Lasers 498 3.2.3.5 Group IIIA Lasers 502 3.2.3.6 Group IVA Lasers 504 3.2.3.7 Group VA Lasers 506 3.2.3.8 Group VIA Lasers 510 3.2.3.9 Group VIB Lasers 517 3.2.3.10 Group VII Lasers 518 3.2.3.11 Group VIII Lasers 523 3.2.3.12 Group VIIIA Lasers 524 3.3 MOLECULAR GAS LASERS 540 3.3.1 Electronic Transition Gas Lasers 540 3.3.1.1 Introduction 540 3.3.1.2 Diatomic Electronic Transition Lasers 542 3.3.1.3 Triatomic Electronic Transition Lasers 616 3.3.1.4 Polyatomic Electronic Transition Lasers 617 3.3.2 Vibrational Transition Gas Lasers 618 3.3.2.1 Introduction 618 3.3.2.2 Diatomic Vibrational Transition Lasers 620 3.3.2.3 Triatomic Vibrational Transition Lasers 663 3.3.2.4 Four-Atom Vibrational Transition Lasers 715 3.3.2.5 Five-Atom Vibrational Transition Lasers 724 3.3.2.6 Six-Atom Vibrational Transition Lasers 729 3.3.2.7 Seven-Atom Vibrational Transition Lasers 730 3.4 FAR INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVE GAS LASERS 731 3.4.1 Introduction 731 3.4.2 Tables of Atomic Far Infrared Gas Lasers 733 3.4.3 Tables of Far Infrared and Millimeter Wave Gas Lasers 735 3.5 COMMERCIAL GAS LASERS 853 3.6 COMMENTS 856 3.7 REFERENCES 1038 Section 4: Other Lasers 1118 4.1 EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET AND SOFT X-RAY LASERS 1119 4.1.1 Introduction 1119 4.1.2 Lasing Transitions of H-Like Ions 1122 4.1.3 Lasing Transitions of Li-Like Ions 1123 4.1.4 Lasing Transitions of Be-Like Ions 1124 4.1.5 Lasing Transitions of Ne-Like Ions 1124 4.1.6 Lasing Transitions of Co-Like Ions 1128 4.1.7 Lasing Transitions of Ni-Like Ions 1128 4.1.8 Lasing Transitions of Pd-Like Ions 1130 4.1.9 References 1131 4.2 FREE ELECTRON LASERS 1135 4.2.1 Introduction 1135 4.2.2 Short Wavelength Free Electron Lasers 1137 4.2.3 Long Wavelength Free Electron Lasers 1141 4.3 NUCLEAR PUMPED LASERS 1145 4.3.1 Introduction 1145 4.3.2 Reactor Pumped Lasers 1147 4.3.3 Nuclear Device Pumped Lasers 1149 4.3.4 References 1149 4.4 NATURAL LASERS 1152 4.5 INVERSIONLESS LASERS 1155 4.6 AMPLIFICATION OF CORE-VALENCE LUMINESCENCE 1158 Appendices 1160 APPENDIX I LASER SAFETY 1161 APPENDIX II Acronyms, Abbreviations, Initialisms, and Common Names for Types of Lasers, Laser Materials, Laser Structures and Operating Configurations, and Systems Involving Lasers 1169 APPENDIX III Electron Configurations of Neutral Atoms in the Ground State 1182 APPENDIX IV Fundamental Physical Constants 1185 Conversion factors for Spectroscopists 1186 Solid State Lasers -- Crystalline Paramagnetic Ion Lasers -- Host Crystals Used For Transition Metal Laser Ions -- Host Crystals Used For Lanthanide Laser Ions -- Tables Of Transition Metal Ion Lasers -- Tables Of Divalent Lanthanide Ion Lasers -- Tables Of Trivalent Lanthanide Ion Lasers -- Actinide Ion Lasers -- Other Ions And Crystals Exhibiting Gain -- Self-frequency-doubled Lasers -- Commercial Crystalline Transition Metal Ion Lasers -- Commercial Crystalline Lanthanide Ion Lasers -- Glass Lasers -- Tables Of Glass Lasers -- Glass Amplifiers -- Commercial Glass Lasers -- Solid State Dye Lasers -- Dye Doped Organic Lasers -- Silica And Silica-gel Dye Lasers -- Dye Doped Inorganic Crystal Lasers -- Dye Doped Glass Lasers -- Dye Doped Gelatin Lasers -- Dye Doped Biological Materials Lasers -- Commercial Solid State Dye Lasers -- Color Center Lasers -- Centers And Crystals Used For Color Center Lasers -- Table Of Color Center Lasers -- Commercial Color Center Lasers -- Semiconductor Lasers -- Ii-vi Compound Lasers -- Mercury Ii-vi Compound Lasers -- Iii-v Compound Lasers -- Iii-v Compound Antimonide Lasers -- Nitride Lasers -- Lead Iv-vi Compound Lasers -- Germanium-silicon Intervalence Band Lasers -- Other Semiconductor Lasers -- Quantum Cascade And Intersubband Lasers -- Vertical Cavity Lasers -- Commercial Semiconductor Lasers -- Polymer Lasers -- Pure Polymer Lasers -- Dye Doped Polymer Lasers -- Rare Earth Doped Polymer Lasers -- Solid State Excimer Lasers -- Raman, Brillouin, And Soliton Lasers. Marvin J. Weber. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. The Handbook of Lasers is an extremely comprehensive and up-to-date compilation of the properties of lasers in all media. This publication contains a combination of numerical and graphical data presented in the Handbook of Laser Science and Technology along with more recent developments and presented in a concise volume. Lasers are grouped by type -- solid, liquid, and gas. The entries include the properties of crystalline, paramagnetic ion lasers, glass lasers, color center lasers, semi-conductor lasers and more. X-ray lasers and free electron lasers are also covered.