Handbook of Clinical Psychology, Volume 2 : Children and Adolescents

Editors-in-chief Michel Hersen and Alan Gross have gathered leading international scholars and practitioners in two volumes to present the latest information and innovations in clinical psychology, including in the areas of ethics, legal issues, professional roles, cross cultural psychology, geropsychology, and more. All mental health professionals, students, and researchers will find these volumes to be an important resource for timely and proven information for effective clinical practice HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 5 Contents 7 Preface 11 HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY (VOLUMES 1 AND 2) 11 Contributors 13 Part I: General Issues 19 Chapter 1: Historical Perspectives 21 ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS: ANCIENT INFLUENCES 21 ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS: NINETEENTH-CENTURY INFLUENCES 24 INTELLIGENCE TESTING MOVEMENT 26 PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT MOVEMENT 29 CONCEPTUAL MODELS OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR: IMPLICATIONS FOR CHILD THERAPY 31 HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF CHILD THERAPY 39 DEVELOPMENT OF THE EVIDENCE-BASED INTERVENTION AND PRACTICE MOVEMENT 43 SUMMARY 49 REFERENCES 49 Chapter 2: Clinical Training 57 GENERAL CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY FOUNDATIONS 57 EMERGING CHILD CLINICAL AND PEDIATRIC IDENTITIES 59 CURRENT DEFINITIONS 63 TRAINING ISSUES 67 TRAINING CONTENT: CURRICULUM DOMAINS 73 TRAINING OUTCOMES 81 FUTURE CHALLENGES 83 SUMMARY 88 REFERENCES 88 Chapter 3: Professional Practice 92 WHAT DEFINES PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE? 92 INDEPENDENT PRIVATE PRACTICE IN PSYCHOLOGY 94 RELATIVE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF PRIVATE PRACTICE 95 GROUP PRACTICE IN PSYCHOLOGY 96 PREPARING FOR LIFE IN PRIVATE PRACTICE 98 CHALLENGES IN STARTING AND MAINTAINING A PRACTICE 98 MANAGED CARE 99 THERAPIST BURNOUT AND IMPAIRMENT 101 ETHICAL AND LEGAL ISSUES IN INDEPENDENT PRACTICE 103 SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS WITH CHILD CLIENTS 107 SUMMARY 109 REFERENCES 109 Chapter 4: Ethical and Legal Issues 112 ETHICAL STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION 112 PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR INVESTIGATIVE INTERVIEWING 132 SUMMARY 152 REFERENCES 153 Chapter 5: Professional Roles 156 ROLES AND ROLE-RELATED ACTIVITIES OF CHILD-ORIENTED PSYCHOLOGISTS 156 CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 158 PEDIATRIC PSYCHOLOGY 172 SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY 182 SUMMARY 185 REFERENCES 185 Part II: Theoretical Models 189 Chapter 6: Psychodynamic 191 PSYCHODYNAMIC THERAPY 191 PSYCHODYNAMIC CONSTRUCTS 196 RESEARCH WITH PSYCHODYNAMIC THERAPY 198 SHORT-TERM PSYCHODYNAMIC PSYCHOTHERAPY 204 RESEARCH GUIDELINES 206 SUMMARY 206 REFERENCES 207 Chapter 7: Family Systems 210 BASIC CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES 210 RESEARCH 224 ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION 229 SUMMARY 239 REFERENCES 240 Chapter 8: Applied Behavior Analysis 245 GENERAL OVERVIEW 245 THE PHILOSOPHY OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS 246 A BRIEF HISTORY OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS 249 CURRENT APPLICATIONS 260 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS 272 SUMMARY 274 REFERENCES 274 Chapter 9: Cognitive-Behavioral Theory 281 BEHAVIORAL THEORY 282 COGNITIVE THEORY 284 FURTHER INTEGRATION OF BEHAVIORAL AND COGNITIVE THEORIES 288 APPLYING THE COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL FRAMEWORK TO YOUTH 292 SUMMARY 297 REFERENCES 301 Part III: Research Contributions 307 Chapter 10: Statistical Considerations: Moderators and Mediators 309 DEFINITIONAL ISSUES 310 STATISTICAL STRATEGIES 315 RESEARCH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 326 IMPLICATIONS OF RESEARCH FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE 334 SUMMARY 335 REFERENCES 336 Chapter 11: Single-Case Research Designs 340 CHARACTERISTICS OF SINGLE-CASE RESEARCH DESIGNS 341 VALIDITY AND SINGLE-CASE DESIGNS 346 CHOOSING A BASELINE 347 SPECIFIC SINGLE-CASE DESIGNS 351 STAGE-PROCESS DESIGNS 357 SINGLE-CASE DESIGNS AND EMPIRICALLY SUPPORTED TREATMENT 362 SUMMARY 363 REFERENCES 366 Chapter 12: Personality in Childhood and Adolescence 369 DESCRIPTION OF PERSONALITY IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS 370 BRIEF HISTORY OF THE STUDY OF PERSONALITY IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS 371 GENERAL MODELS OF PERSONALITY 374 ASSESSING PERSONALITY AT A YOUNG AGE 377 PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENCE 378 PERSONALITY AND LIFE OUTCOMES 381 MODELS OF PERSONALITY AND THEIR CONNECTION TO PSYCHOPATHOLOGY 385 CONNECTIONS BETWEEN BIG 5 AND THE 389 CONCLUDING COMMENTS 393 SUMMARY 394 REFERENCES 395 Chapter 13: Treatment Research 404 MEASUREMENT ISSUES AND DEVELOPMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS 404 MEASURING AND ASSESSING CHILDREN’S BEHAVIOR 407 CHILD RESEARCH SETTINGS 417 CLINICAL EFFICACY, CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS, AND EMPIRICALLY SUPPORTED THERAPIES 420 STATISTICALLY AND CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT CHANGES 423 RESEARCH METHODS 426 RESEARCH DESIGNS 428 PARTICIPANT DEMOGRAPHICS AND SAMPLING 438 SUMMARY 441 REFERENCES 441 Part IV: Diagnosis and Evaluation 445 Chapter 14: Assessment, Diagnosis, Nosology, and Taxonomy of Child and Adolescent Psychopathology 447 CLINICAL ASSESSMENT 448 CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS 457 NOSOLOGICAL CATEGORIES 458 TAXONOMIC CONSTRUCTS 462 SUMMARY 470 REFERENCES 471 Chapter 15: Diagnostic Interviewing 476 DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEWS 481 LINGERING ISSUES INVOLVED WITH DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEWS 487 SUMMARY 491 REFERENCES 492 Chapter 16: Intellectual Assessment 498 HISTORY OF INTELLECTUAL ASSESSMENT 498 DEFINITIONS OF INTELLIGENCE 500 COMMONLY EMPLOYED MEASURES OF INTELLIGENCE 503 PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL ISSUES RELATED TO INTELLIGENCE TESTING 507 CULTURAL ISSUES RELATED TO INTELLIGENCE TESTING 509 CLINICAL APPLICATION 510 SUMMARY 512 REFERENCES 513 Chapter 17: Pediatric Neuropsychological Evaluation 515 DEFINITION OF A CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGIST 515 SCOPE OF PRACTICE 516 HYPOTHESIS-DRIVEN ASSESSMENT 516 A NEURODEVELOPMENTAL APPROACH 517 INDICATIONS FOR NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL EVALUATION 518 SHARED VARIANCE AMONG CHILD PSYCHOLOGY SPECIALTIES 519 QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DESCRIPTION OF GLOBAL AND SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS 519 NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL REPORT 521 COGNITIVE REHABILITATION 521 FUTURE DIRECTIONS 521 SUMMARY 523 REFERENCES 523 APPENDIX 1: CLINICAL REFERRAL FORM 525 APPENDIX 2: TEST RESULTS SUMMARY GRID 526 APPENDIX 3: 24-HOUR PRELIMINARY FEEDBACK FORM 527 APPENDIX 4: PREFERRED TESTS FORM 528 APPENDIX 5: RECOMMENDATIONS FORM LETTER 530 APPENDIX 6: SAMPLE NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL REPORT 531 Chapter 18: Assessment of Psychopathology 538 INTRODUCTION 538 THE IMPORTANCE OF IDENTIFYING PSYCHOPATHOLOGY IN OLDER CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS 539 ASSESSING PSYCHOPATHOLOGY IN OLDER CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS 539 PROJECTIVE TECHNIQUES: A PSYCHOMETRIC CONTROVERSY 553 THE PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORT: ENHANCING WRITTEN COMMUNICATION 556 THE FEEDBACK SESSION: ENHANCING ORAL COMMUNICATION 558 PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT WITH YOUTHS: COMPLICATING FACTORS 559 SUMMARY 561 REFERENCES 562 Chapter 19: Behavioral Assessment 569 FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS 570 BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT MEASURES 572 SUMMARY 587 REFERENCES 587 Part V: Treatment 593 Chapter 20: Play Therapy 595 RATIONALE FOR PLAY THERAPY 596 DEVELOPMENT OF PLAY THERAPY 596 RESEARCH IN PLAY THERAPY 598 PLAY THERAPY IN PRACTICE 601 SUMMARY 639 REFERENCES 640 Chapter 21: Behavior Modification 644 USING DATA IN BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION 644 BASIC PRINCIPLES 647 PROCEDURES TO ESTABLISH NEW BEHAVIORS 649 PROCEDURES TO INCREASE OR DECREASE EXISTING BEHAVIORS 653 SUMMARY 666 REFERENCES 667 Chapter 22: Parent Training 671 A BRIEF HISTORY OF PARENT TRAINING 672 THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF PARENT TRAINING 680 TECHNIQUES FOR TRAINING PARENTS 686 CHILD MANAGEMENT SKILLS 691 FUTURE CHALLENGES 702 SUMMARY 703 REFERENCES 704 Chapter 23: Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment 712 OVERVIEW 713 DEVELOPMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS 715 EMPIRICAL SUPPORT FOR COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY WITH YOUTH 716 SUMMARY 740 REFERENCES 741 Chapter 24: Primary Care Behavioral Pediatrics 746 DESCRIPTION OF PRIMARY CARE BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS TREATMENT 749 WHO ARE THE PRACTITIONERS? 751 COMMON BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS IN PRIMARY CARE SETTINGS 751 BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS WITH SIGNIFICANT MEDICAL DIMENSIONS 756 MEDICAL PROBLEMS WITH SIGNIFICANT BEHAVIORAL DIMENSIONS 761 RECOMMENDATIONS TO CLINICIANS AND STUDENTS 769 SUMMARY 769 REFERENCES 771 Chapter 25: Peer Intervention 777 PEER INTERVENTION FORMS 777 GENERAL ISSUES AND CONSIDERATIONS 784 CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 790 SUMMARY 799 REFERENCES 799 Part VI: Special Issues 805 Chapter 26: Cultural Issues 807 A CHANGING MULTICULTURAL CONTEXT 807 THE NATURE AND COMPLEXITY OF CULTURE 811 THE IMPACT OF CULTURE ON CHILDREN 814 CULTURAL CONCEPTS IN ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT 817 CULTURE AND ASSESSMENT 823 CULTURE AND TREATMENT 829 SPECIAL POPULATIONS AND EMERGING TOPICS 841 NEW DIRECTIONS IN CULTURALLY RESPONSIVE TREATMENT 843 SUMMARY 844 REFERENCES 845 Chapter 27: Divorce and Custody 851 A GENERAL MODEL OF DIVORCE ADJUSTMENT 851 POSTDIVORCE DECISIONS 854 ASSISTING FAMILIES WITH THE DIVORCE TRANSITION 863 SUMMARY 867 REFERENCES 868 Chapter 28: Child Maltreatment 874 DEFINITION AND SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM OF CHILD MALTREATMENT 876 MALTREATMENT-ASSOCIATED MALADJUSTMENT 884 THEORETICAL MODELS OF MALTREATMENT-ASSOCIATED MALADJUSTMENT 894 SCREENING FOR CHILD MALTREATMENT 898 ASSESSMENT OF CHILD MALTREATMENT 899 TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF CHILD MALTREATMENT 902 SUMMARY 908 REFERENCES 909 Chapter 29: Autism Spectrum Disorders and Related Developmental Disabilities 922 TERMINOLOGY 922 SOCIAL IMPAIRMENT 925 COMMUNICATION 927 BEHAVIOR 930 ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 932 INTELLECTUAL FUNCTIONING AND MENTAL RETARDATION 933 COMORBIDITY OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS 934 CURRENT TRENDS IN THE PREVALENCE OF AUTISTIC SPECTRUM DISORDERS 935 EARLY IDENTIFICATION 936 ETIOLOGY 937 RELATED DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS: RETT’S DISORDER AND CHILDHOOD DISINTEGRATIVE DISORDER 938 TREATMENT 940 FAMILY ISSUES 945 SUMMARY 946 REFERENCES 947 Chapter 30: Parental Psychopathology and Its Relation to Child Psychopathology 955 PREVALENCE 956 THE NATURE OF THE DISORDERS 956 THEORIZED MECHANISMS/MEDIATORS 957 EVIDENCE FOR EFFECTS OF MATERNAL DEPRESSION AND PATERNAL ALCOHOLISM ON CHILDREN 965 MODERATORS 968 SUMMARY 973 REFERENCES 975 Chapter 31: Problems in Infancy 984 DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES 984 DEVELOPING EMOTIONS 993 BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS 998 CAREGIVING 1009 SUMMARY 1024 REFERENCES 1024 Chapter 32: Psychopharmacology as Practiced by Psychologists 1030 PSYCHOLOGY AND THE STUDY OF DRUGS 1030 PRESCRIPTION PRIVILEGES FOR PSYCHOLOGISTS 1042 SUMMARY 1053 REFERENCES 1053 Author Index 1057 Subject Index 1099