Handbook of Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents, Volume 2: Nonlethal Chemical Agents and Biological Warfare Agents (Handbook Chemical & Biological Warfare Agents 3e)

The Handbook of Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents, Volume 2: Pathogens, Mid-Spectrum, and Incapacitating Agents, Third Edition provides rapid access to key data to response professionals and decision-makers on a broad range of agents and pathogens. This volume presents information on a wide range of chemical and biological agents. Chemical agents detailed in this volume are those that were developed specifically for their non-lethal potential. The biological agents described are militarily significant pathogens that could be weaponized to pose a threat to people, animals, or crops and other agricultural interests. Mid-spectrum agents, materials that do not fit clearly into either the Chemical or the Biological Weapons Conventions, include toxins and bioregulators. Entomological agents, the final class of agents discussed in volume, are arthropods that could pose a significant threat to a country’s agriculture infrastructure and be used to devastate its economy. They were proposed for inclusion in the Biological Weapons Convention but never adopted. In addition to a discussion of each of these classes of agents, coverage includes detailed information on a broad spectrum of individual agents that have been used on the battlefield, stockpiled as weapons, used or threatened to be used by terrorists, or have been otherwise assessed by qualified law enforcement and response organizations and determined to be agents of significant concern. The information presented in this edition has been updated and expanded to contain more information on toxicology, health effects, presentation of diseases, advances in medical care and treatment, as well as protective actions needed at the scene of an incident. Key Features: Focuses on the key information needed during an emergency response Provides updated toxicology, exposure hazards, physical-chemical data, and treatment of casualties Profiles the presentation of diseases in people, animals and plants Presents updated protective action distances, decontamination, and remediation information All data compiled is gathered from numerous sources and arranged into the current, easy-to-access format. In order to ensure accuracy, all data has been cross-checked over the widest variety of military, scientific and medical sources available. The Handbook of Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents, Volume 2: Pathogens, Mid-Spectrum, and Incapacitating Agents, Third Edition remains the gold-standard reference detailing the widest variety of military, scientific, and medical sources available. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Contents Preface to Volume 2 Acknowledgments Explanatory Notes to Volume 2 About the Author Incapacitating and Riot Control Agents 12. Mind-Altering Agents General Information Toxicology Effects Pathways and Routes of Exposure General Exposure Hazards Latency Period Vapors/Aerosols (mists or dusts) Liquids Solids (non-aerosol) Characteristics Physical Appearance/Odor Laboratory Grade Munition Grade Modified Agents Stability Persistency Environmental Fate Additional Hazards Exposure Livestock/Pets Fire Reactivity Hazardous Decomposition Products Hydrolysis Combustion Protection Evacuation Recommendations Personal Protective Requirements Structural Firefighters' Gear Respiratory Protection Chemical Protective Clothing Decontamination General Vapors Casualties/Personnel Small areas Liquids/Solutions or Liquid Aerosols Casualties/Personnel Small areas Solids or Particulate Aerosols Casualties/Personnel Small areas Medical CDC Case Definition Differential Diagnosis Signs and Symptoms Mass-Casualty Triage Recommendations Priority 1 Priority 2 Priority 3 Priority 4 Casualty Management Fatality Management Bibliography 13. Irritating and Lachrymatory Agents General Information Toxicology Effects Pathways and Routes of Exposure General Exposure Hazards Latency Period Characteristics Physical Appearance/Odor Laboratory Grade Munition Grade Modified Agents Stability Persistency Environmental Fate Additional Hazards Exposure Livestock/Pets Fire Reactivity Hazardous Decomposition Products Hydrolysis Combustion Protection Evacuation Recommendations Personal Protective Requirements Structural Firefighters' Gear Respiratory Protection Chemical Protective Clothing Decontamination General Vapors Casualties/Personnel Small areas Liquids, Solutions, or Liquid Aerosols Casualties/Personnel Small areas Solids or Particulate Aerosols Casualties/Personnel Small areas Medical CDC Case Definition Differential Diagnosis Signs and Symptoms Vapors/Aerosols Solids/Solutions Mass-Casualty Triage Recommendations Casualty Management Fatality Management Bibliography 14. Vomiting/Sternatory Agents General Information Toxicology Effects Pathways and Routes of Exposure General Exposure Hazards Latency Period Characteristics Physical Appearance/Odor Laboratory Grade Munition Grade Modified Agents Mixtures with Other Agents Stability Persistency Environmental Fate Additional Hazards Exposure Livestock/Pets Fire Reactivity Hazardous Decomposition Products Hydrolysis Combustion Protection Evacuation Recommendations Personal Protective Requirements Structural Firefighters' Gear Respiratory Protection Chemical Protective Clothing Decontamination General Solutions or Liquid Aerosols Casualties/Personnel Small areas Solids or Particulate Aerosols Casualties/Personnel Small areas Medical CDC Case Definition Differential Diagnosis Signs and Symptoms Mass-Casualty Triage Recommendations Casualty Management Fatality Management Bibliography 15. Malodorants General Information Toxicology Effects Pathways and Routes of Exposure General Exposure Hazards Latency Period Characteristics Physical Appearance/Odor Laboratory Grade Munition Grade Modified Agents Stability Persistency Environmental Fate Additional Hazards Exposure Livestock/Pets Fire Reactivity Hazardous Decomposition Products Hydrolysis Combustion Protection Evacuation Recommendations Personal Protective Requirements Structural Firefighters' Gear Respiratory Protection Chemical Protective Clothing Decontamination General Vapors Casualties/Personnel Small areas Liquids, Solutions or Liquid Aerosols Casualties/Personnel Small areas Medical CDC Case Definition Differential Diagnosis Signs and Symptoms Vapors Liquids Mass-Casualty Triage Recommendations Casualty Management Fatality Management Bibliography Biological Agents 16. Toxins General Information Toxicology Effects Pathways and Routes of Exposure General Exposure Hazards Latency Period Characteristics Physical Appearance/Odor Laboratory Grade Modified Agents Stability Persistency Environmental Fate Additional Hazards Exposure Livestock/Pets Fire Reactivity Protection Evacuation Recommendations Personal Protective Requirements Structural Firefighters' Gear Respiratory Protection Chemical Protective Clothing Decontamination General Liquids, Solutions, or Liquid Aerosols Casualties/Personnel Small areas Solids or Particulate Aerosols Casualties/Personnel Small areas Medical CDC Case Definition Differential Diagnosis Signs and Symptoms Mass-Casualty Triage Recommendations Casualty Management Fatality Management Bibliography 17. Bacterial Pathogens General Information Response Personal Protective Requirements Responding to the Scene of a Release Working with Infected Individuals Standard Precautions Contact Precautions Droplet Precautions Airborne Precautions Additional Hazards Decontamination Casualties/Personnel Infected individuals Direct Exposure Animals Plants Food Property Surface Disinfectants Large Area Fumigants Fomites Fatality Management Bibliography 18. Viral Pathogens General Information Response Personal Protective Requirements Responding to the Scene of a Release Working with Infected Individuals Standard Precautions Contact Precautions Droplet Precautions Airborne Precautions Additional Hazards Decontamination Casualties/Personnel Infected individuals Direct Exposure Animals Plants Food Property Surface Disinfectants Large Area Fumigants Fomites Fatality Management Bibliography 19. Fungal Pathogens General Information Response Personal Protective Requirements Responding to the Scene of a Release Working with Infected Individuals Decontamination Casualties/Personnel Infected individuals Direct Exposure Animals Plants Food Property Surface Disinfectants Large Area Fumigants Fomites Fatality Management Bibliography 20. Bioregulators General Information Toxicology Effects Pathways and Routes of Exposure General Exposure Hazards Latency Period Characteristics Physical Appearance/Odor Laboratory Grade Modified Agents Stability Persistency Environmental Fate Additional Hazards Exposure Livestock/Pets Fire Reactivity Protection Evacuation Recommendations Personal Protective Requirements Structural Firefighters' Gear Respiratory Protection Chemical Protective Clothing Decontamination General Liquids, Solutions, or Liquid Aerosols Casualties/Personnel Small areas Solids or Particulate Aerosols Casualties/Personnel Small areas Medical CDC Case Definition Differential Diagnosis Signs and Symptoms Mass-Casualty Triage Recommendations Casualty Management Fatality Management Bibliography 21. Non-Vector Entomological Agents General Information Bibliography Glossary Appendix A. Agent Delivery The Agent Cloud Environmental Impacts Weapon Design Frangible Containers Pressurized Cylinders Chemical Reaction Devices Explosive Dissemination Binary Munitions Sprayers Thermal Generators Vectors Assassinations and Attempts Bibliography Appendix B. Summary of Military Chemical Munition Markings World War I France Toxic, Irritant, or Harassing Agents Incendiary and Smoke Munitions Germany Toxic Agents Irritant or Harassing Agents Additional Markings and Bands Great Britain Toxic, Irritant, or Harassing Agents Incendiary Munitions Smoke Munitions Additional Markings and Bands United States Toxic or Irritant Agents Incendiary Munitions Smoke Munitions World War II Germany Artillery, Rockets, and Mortars Toxic Agents Irritant or Harassing Agents Additional Markings and Bands Aerial Bombs Toxic Agents Irritant or Harassing Agents Additional Markings and Bands Mines Great Britain Toxic Agents (vesicant, blood, pulmonary) Irritant or Harassing Agents (lachrymation, vomiting/sternatory) Incendiary Munitions Smoke Munitions Additional Markings and Bands Italy Toxic Agents Irritant or Harassing Agents Additional Markings and Bands Japan Artillery, Mortars, Mines, and Candles Toxic Agents Irritant or Harassing Agents Aerial Bombs Soviet Union Toxic Agents Irritant or Harassing Agents Additional Markings United States Toxic Agents (vesicant, blood, pulmonary) Irritant or Harassing Agents (lachrymation, vomiting) Incendiary Munitions Smoke Munitions Cold War Soviet Union General Ordnance Markings Artillery, Mortars, and Rockets Toxic, Irritant, or Harassing Agents Incendiary Munitions Smoke Munitions Aerial Bombs Toxic, Irritant, or Harassing Agents Incendiary Munitions Additional Markings and Bands United States/NATO Toxic Agents (nerve, vesicant, blood, pulmonary) Incapacitating Agents (mind-altering) Irritant or Harassing Agents (lachrymation, vomiting, riot control) Incendiary Munitions Smoke Munitions Additional Markings and Bands Bibliography Appendix C. Biological Risk Groups and Biosafety Levels Bibliography Appendix D. International and Domestic Lists of Agents Chemical Warfare Agents, Precursors, and Potential Industrial Agents Toxins Pathogens Alphanumeric Indices Alphabetical Index of Chemical Names, Military Codes, and Synonyms Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) Numbers United Nations (UN) Numbers European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances (EC) Numbers U.S. Food and Drug Administration Unique Ingredient Identifiers (UNII) 11th Revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11) Codes European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) Codes Viral Taxonomic Families Arenaviridae Asfarviridae Bunyaviridae Coronaviridae Filoviridae Flaviviridae Herpesviridae Orthomyxoviridae Nanoviridae Paramyxoviridae Picornaviridae Podoviridae Pospiviroidae Potyviridae Poxviridae Reoviridae Rhabdoviridae Togaviridae Tymoviridae Insect Vectors and Diseases Aphids Beetles Flies (biting) Flies (mechanical vectors) Fleas Leafhoppers Lice Midges Mites Mites (mechanical vectors) Mosquitoes Nematodes Psyllids Roaches (mechanical vectors) Sandflies Sharpshooters Spittlebugs Ticks Ticks (mechanical vectors) Agricultural Animal Diseases Cattle Goats Horses Pigs Poultry Sheep Agricultural Crop Diseases Almonds Bananas Citrus Cocoa trees Coffee Corn Eggplant Fruit trees Grains Grapes Olives Peppers Potatoes Rice Rubber plants Sorghum Soybeans Sugarcane Tomatoes Index