Handbook of chemical and biological plant analytical methods. Vol. 1, Pt. 1-2

Plants and plant-derived compounds and drugs are becoming more and more popular with increasing numbers of scientists researching plant analysis. The quality control of herbal drugs is also becoming essential to avoid severe health problems, and in the future many more new drugs will be developed from plant sources. This three-volume Handbook, featuring 47 detailed review articles, is unique as it deals with chemical and biological methodologies for plant analysis. It presents the most important and most accurate methods which are available for plant analysis. This comprehensive work is divided into six sections as follows: Sample preparation and identification – discussing plant selection and collection, followed by extraction and sample preparation methodologies. Extraction and sample preparation methodologies Instrumentation for chemical analysis - several instrumentations for chemical plant analysis are presented with an emphasis on hyphenated techniques, e.g. the coupling between HPLC and mass spectroscometry, and HPLC with NMR. Strategies for selective classes of compounds – coverage of the most interesting classes of compounds such as polysaccharides, saponins, cardiotonic glycosides, alkaloids, terpenoids, lipids, volatile compounds and polyphenols ( flavonoids, xanthones, coumarins, naphthoquinones, anthraquinones, proanthocyanidins, etc.). Biological Analysis - includes phenotyping, DNA barcoding techniques, transcriptome analysis, microarray, metabolomics and proteomics. Drugs from Plants – covers the screening of plant extracts and strategies for the quick discovery of novel bioactive natural products. Safety assessment of herbal drugs is highly dependent on outstanding chromatographic and spectroscopic methods which are also featured here. This Handbook introduces to scientists involved in plant studies the current knowledge of methodologies in various fields of chemically- and biochemically-related topics in plant research. The content from this Handbook will publish online within the Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry via Wiley Online Library: http://www.wileyonlinelibrary.com/ref/eac Benefit from the introductory offer, valid until 30 November 2014! Introductory price: £425.00 / $695.00 / €550.00 List price thereafter: £495.00 / $795.00 / €640.00 Handbook of Chemical and Biological Plant Analytical Methods 5 Contents 11 List of Contributors 15 Preface 21 In Memoriam, Andrew Marston 23 VOLUME I 25 Part One Sample Preparation and Identification 1 25 Chapter 1 Selection, Identification, and Collection of Plants 27 Chapter 2 Extraction Methodologies: General Introduction 41 Chapter 3 Supercritical Fluid Extraction 67 Chapter 4 New Trends in Extraction of Natural Products: Microwave-Assisted Extraction and Pressurized Liquid Extraction 101 Chapter 5 Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME) and Its Application to Natural Products 129 Part Two Instrumentation for Chemical Analysis 153 Chapter 6 Microscopic Analysis 155 Chapter 7 Thin-Layer Chromatography, with Chemical and Biological Detection Methods 209 Chapter 8 HPLC and Ultra HPLC: Basic Concepts 231 Chapter 9 Near-Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy in Natural Product Research 251 Chapter 10 Headspace Sampling and Gas Chromatography: A Successful Combination to Study the Composition of a Plant Volatile Fraction 269 Chapter 11 Analysis of Natural Products by Capillary Electrophoresis and Related Techniques 301 Chapter 12 LC and LC-MS: Techniques and Applications 331 Chapter 13 NMR as Analytical Tool for Crude Plant Extracts 341 Chapter 14 NMR of Small Molecules 373 Chapter 15 NMR of Large Molecules 385 Chapter 16 On-Line and At-Line LC-NMR and Related Micro-NMR Methods 403 Chapter 17 New Developments of Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry in Plant Analysis 435 VOLUME II 449 Part Three Strategies for Selective Classes of Compounds 449 Chapter 18 Analysis of Plant Oligo- and Polysaccharides 451 Chapter 19 Analytical Strategies for Multipurpose Studies of a Plant Volatile Fraction 471 Chapter 20 Strategies for Lipid Analysis 491 Chapter 21 HPLC Analysis of Alkaloids 509 Chapter 22 Identification and Characterization of Hydroxycinnamates of Six Galium Species from the Rubiaceae Family 529 Chapter 23 Identification and Characterization of Trimeric Proanthocyanidins of Two Members of the Rhododendron Genus (Ericaceae) by Liquid Chromatography Multi-Stage Mass Spectrometry 549 Chapter 24 Strategies in the Analysis of Flavonoids 567 Chapter 25 Coumarins - Analytical and Preparative Techniques 593 Chapter 26 Naphthoquinones and Anthraquinones: Chemical, Analytical, and Biological Overview 619 Chapter 27 Xanthones from Marine-Derived Microorganisms: Isolation, Structure Elucidation, and Biological Activities 635 Chapter 28 Sesquiterpenes and Other Terpenoids 657 Chapter 29 Analysis of Plant Saponins 711 Chapter 30 Cardiotonic Glycosides 733 Chapter 31 Plant Steroids: Occurrence, Biological Significance, and Their Analysis 751 Chapter 32 Chemical Analysis of Bryophytes 777 Chapter 33 Cyclotide Analysis 831 VOLUME III 849 Part Four Biological Analysis 849 Chapter 34 Phenotyping 851 Chapter 35 Identification of Medicinal Plants Using DNA Barcoding 867 Chapter 36 Transcriptome Analysis of Medicinal Plants with Next-Generation Sequencing Technologies 871 Chapter 37 Microarray 883 Chapter 38 Small RNAs 899 Chapter 39 Metabolomics 909 Chapter 40 Proteomics and Its Research Techniques in Plants 927 Chapter 41 Multivariate Data Analysis 939 Part Five Drugs from Plants 971 Chapter 42 In Silico-Guided Strategies for the Discovery and Rationalization of Bioactive Natural Products 973 Chapter 43 Innovative Strategies in the Search for Bioactive Plant Constituents 991 Chapter 44 High Throughput Screening of Vegetal Natural Substances 1011 Chapter 45 Mycotoxins Contamination in Food: Alternative Plant Preservatives, Legislation, and Detection Methods 1035 Chapter 46 Quality Assessment of Herbal Drugs and Medicinal Plant Products 1063 Part Six Conclusion and Perspectives 1081 Chapter 47 Conclusion and Perspectives 1083 Index 1085