Handbook of Cardiac Critical Care and Anaesthesia

This book provides clinical tips on the management of common emergencies that are regularly faced by critical care and acute care cardiologists in resource-limited settings. Based on the current guidelines, it explores the evaluation of the patient, followed by its treatment methodology. It highlights the beneficial effects of the use of cardiac drugs during an emergency. There is also a special section on preoperative evaluation and postoperative management of cardiac patients of different subsets. Medicolegal/documentation points are also discussed where relevant. It is useful as a ready reference for physicians, anaesthetists and cardiologists. Key Features • Reinforces certain teachings and recalls certain overlooked clinical points to address emergency situations in a busy, resource limited setting • Explains lucidly what the acute cardiac care/anaesthesia registrar or cardiology fellows ought to do in the intensive care and postoperative wards • Emphasizes the importance of clinical acumen and observation Based on authors’ recent advances, this book focuses on a class of nonlinear systems with mismatched uncertainties/disturbances and discusses their typical control problems. It aims to provide a comprehensive view of the non-recursive control theory and application guidelines. Various of applications on the non-recursive synthesis of complex nonlinear systems not only greatly simplify the control design process, weaken the system assumptions, and reduce the conservatism of gain selection, but also realize the essential detachment of control law design and Lyapunov function-based stability analysis. Therefore, different from the classical recursive control design methods, it is of significance to study the synthesis of nonlinear systems from the perspective of a new non-recursive control framework. This book discusses the following typical control problems: theoretical background, homogeneous systems theory review, non-recursive robust control design, non-recursive adaptive control design, non-recursive general dynamic predictive control, disturbance estimation and attenuation, non-recursive stability analysis, implementation theory and real-life applications to Series Elastic Actuators, DC microgrids, Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) systems, etc. under the proposed non-recursive synthesis framework. This book will be a great reference to research scholars and students in the field of automation and control. It will also be a useful source for control engineers and those working on anti-disturbance control, nonlinear output regulation, nonsmooth control, and other related topics. Cover 1 Half Title 2 Title Page 4 Copyright Page 5 Contents 6 Preface 9 Acknowledgements 10 Editor 11 Contributors 12 List of Abbreviations 15 1. Evaluation in Acute Cardiac Care 18 2. The ECG in Cardiac Critical Care and Anaesthesia 32 3. Echocardiography in Critical Care 50 4. Assessment of Volume Status in CCU (Online-Only Chapter) 70 5. Thoracic Ultrasound 71 6. Arterial Blood Gas (Online-Only Chapter) 78 7. Approach to Electrolyte Abnormalities in CCU (Online-Only Chapter) 79 8. Haemodynamics 80 9. The Role and Interpretation of Biomarkers 86 10. Acute Chest Pain 91 11. Acute Coronary Syndrome 96 12. ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction 100 13. Post-Procedure Management in the CCU 113 14. Cardiogenic Shock and Management of Hypotension 119 15. Inotropes and Vasopressors (Online-Only Chapter) 126 16. Antiplatelets and Anticoagulants: Perioperative Issues 127 17. Non-Vitamin K Oral Anticoagulants 131 18. Acute Aortic Syndromes 138 19. Refractory Hypertension in Critical Care 143 20. Pulmonary Embolism 150 21. Pulmonary Hypertension 156 22. Narrow QRS Tachycardia 164 23. Atrial Fibrillation: The CCU Perspective 172 24. Wide QRS Tachycardia 181 25. Preoperative, Perioperative and CCU Care in Primary Electrical Disorders of the Heart 189 26. Electrical Storm 203 27. Permanent Pacemakers and Defibrillators: From Basics to Troubleshooting 208 28. Cardiomyopathies 221 29. Myocarditis 235 30. Stress Cardiomyopathy 241 31. Acute Decompensated Heart Failure 245 32. Valvular Heart Disease and Infective Endocarditis (Online-Only Chapter) 254 33. Pericarditis and Pericardial Effusion 255 34. Acute Limb Ischaemia 263 35. Use of Sedation, Analgesia and Anaesthesia in CCU (Online-Only Chapter) 267 36A. Preoperative Assessment of Patients with Ischaemic Heart Disease 268 36B. Perioperative Assessment and Management of Patients with Valvular Heart Disease for Non-Cardiac Surgery 280 37. Mechanical Ventilation: Basics for CCU Clinicians (Online-Only Chapter) 288 38. Basics of Non-Invasive Ventilation 289 39. Nutrition in Cardiac Intensive Care (Online-Only Chapter) 299 40. Cardiac Aspects of Diabetes 300 41. Cardiac Arrest: Resuscitation and After 304 42. Cardiac Assist Devices 310 43. Cardiorenal Syndrome and Heart Kidney Interaction (Online-Only Chapter) 320 44. Cardiac Drugs: Uses and Precautions (Online-Only Chapter) 321 Index 322 aerospace,engineering;,Control,engineering;,Automation,Engineering;,Autonomous,Systems aerospace engineering,Control engineering,Automation Engineering,Autonomous Systems