Handbook of Carbohydrate-Modifying Biocatalysts (Jenny Stanford Series on Biocatalysis)

This book provides an actual overview of the structure, function, and application of carbohydrate-modifying biocatalysts. Carbohydrates have been disregarded for a long time by the scientific community, mainly due to their complex structure. Meanwhile, the situation changed with increasing knowledge about the key role carbohydrates play in biological processes such as recognition, signal transduction, immune responses, and others. An outcome of research activities in glycoscience is the development of several new pharmaceuticals against serious diseases such as malaria, cancer, and various storage diseases. Furthermore, the employment of carbohydrate-modifying biocatalysts―enzymes as well as microorganisms―will contribute significantly to the development of environmentally friendly processes boosting a shift of the chemical industry from petroleum- to bio-based production of chemicals from renewable resources. The updated content of the second edition of this book has been extended by discussing the current state of the art of using recombinantly expressed carbohydrate-modifying biocatalysts and the synthesis of minicellulosomes in connection with consolidated bioprocessing of lignocellulosic material. Furthermore, a synthetic biology approach for using DAHP-dependent aldolases to catalyze asymmetric aldol reactions is presented. This handbook, with its 24 chapters, provides an actual overview of the structure, function, and application of carbohydrate-modifying biocatalysts. Unlike amino acids and nucleic acids, carbohydrates have been disregarded for a long time by the scientific community, mainly due to their complex structure and a lack of suited experimental methods for structure determination. Meanwhile, the situation changed with increasing knowledge about carbohydrates, glycoconjugates, and carbohydrate-modifying enzymes together with the key roles they play in biological processes such as recognition, signal transduction, immune responses, and others. An outcome of research activities in glycoscience, which at the same time is of great general interest, is the development of several new pharmaceuticals against serious diseases such as malaria, cancer, and various storage diseases. Another important aspect, particularly against the background of depletion of fossil fuels, above all oil, and the many problems related to the use of nuclear energy, is the employment of renewable raw materials, not only for future energy supply but also for the synthesis of chemicals that to date is still oil-based to more than 70%. Here, carbohydrate-modifying biocatalysts--enzymes as well as microorganisms--will contribute significantly to the development of environmentally friendly and cost-effective production processes, which are main characteristics of white/industrial biotechnology. The updated content of the second edition of this book has been extended by discussing the current state of the art of using recombinantly expressed enzymes and the synthesis of minicellulosomes in connection with consolidated bioprocessing of lignocellulosic material. Furthermore, a synthetic biology approach for using DAHP-dependent aldolases to catalyze asymmetric aldol reactions is presented