Handbook of Aviation Human Factors, Second Edition (Human Factors in Transportation)

The application of human factors to aviation has come of age and is thriving, so much so that its influence has spread to other applications. Keeping pace with the field during the decade since its initial publication, the Handbook of Aviation Human Factors has also continued to evolve. Completely revised and updated, the second edition of this groundbreaking resource includes: New chapters on resilience, uninhabited aerial vehicles, and aesthetics Significant revisions and expansions to every chapter New contributing co-authors who bring new perspectives Human factors achievements and current trends The handbook also explores the history of aviation human factors, current R&D focus, basic research issues, organizational factors, personnel selection, ATC and ATM relevant issues, weather systems, team and individual performance, fatigue, situation awareness, training, and forensics. It boasts contributors from six countries on three continents with backgrounds in academia, industry, government-based research, development organizations, and international aviation organizations as well as practicing engineers. The demand for aviation continues to expand and aviation must respond to that demand. The safety culture of aviation imposes a need, in advance of change, for sound evidence that the expected benefits of said change will accrue, without hidden hazards to safety and without new and unexpected sources of human error. The multidisciplinary, international scope of this book provides the skills required not only to interpret and generalize findings, but also to translate them into real solutions and safety benefits. A historical overview of human factors in aviation / Jefferson M. Koonce and Anthony Debons Aviation research and development : a framework for the effective practice of human factors, or "what your mentor never told you about a career in human factors" / John E. Deaton and Jeffrey G. Morrison Measurement in aviation systems / David Meister and Valerie Gawron Underpinnings of system evaluation / Mark A. Wise ... [et al.] Organizational factors associated with safety and mission success in aviation environments / Ron Westrum and Anthony J. Adamski Engineering safe aviation systems : balancing resilience and stability / Björn Johansson and Jonas Lundberg Processes underlying human performance / Lisanne Bainbridge and Michael C. Dorneich Automation in aviation systems : issues and considerations / Mustapha Mouloua ... [et al.] Team process / Katherine A. Wilson ... [et al.] Crew resource management / Daniel E. Maurino and Patrick S. Murray Fatigue and biological rhythms / Giovanni Costa Situation awareness in aviation systems / Mica R. Endsley Personnel selection and training / D.L. Pohlman and J.D. Fletcher Pilot performance / Lloyd Hitchcock, Samira Bourgeois-Bougrine, and Phillippe Cabon Controls, displays, and crew station design / Kristen Liggett Flight deck aesthetics and pilot performance : new uncharted seas / Aaron J. Gannon Helicopters / Bruce E. Hamilton Unmanned aerial vehicles / Nancy J. Cooke and Harry K. Pedersen Flight simulation / William F. Moroney and Brian W. Moroney Air-traffic control / Michael S. Nolan Air-traffic controller memory / Earl S. Stein, Daniel J. Garland, and John K. Muller Air-traffic control automation / V. David Hopkin Air-traffic control/flight deck integration / Karol Kerns Intelligent interfaces / John M. Hammer Weather information presentation / Tenny A. Lindholm Aviation maintenance / Colin G. Drury Civil aviation security / Gerald D. Gibb and Ronald John Lofaro Incident and accident investigation / Sue Baker Forensic aviation human factors : accident/incident analyses for legal proceedings / Richard D. Gilson and Eugenio L. Facci. Dedication 6 Contents 8 Preface 12 Part I: Introduction 14 Chapter 1. A Historical Overview of Human Factors in Aviation 16 Chapter 2. Aviation Research and Development: A Framework for the Effective Practice of Human Factors, or "What Your Mentor Never Told You about a Career in Human Factors..." 28 Chapter 3. Measurement in Aviation Systems 42 Chapter 4. Underpinnings of System Evaluation 58 Chapter 5. Organizational Factors Associated with Safety and Mission Success in Aviation Environments 74 Part II: Human Capabilities and Performance 112 Chapter 6. Engineering Safte Aviation Systems: Balancing Resilience and Stability 114 Chapter 7. Processes Underlying Human Performance 122 Chapter 8. Automation in Aviation Systems: Issues and Considerations 190 Chapter 9. Team Process 202 Chapter 10. Crew Resource Management 224 Chapter 11. Fatigue and Biological Rhythms 244 Chapter 12. Situation Awareness in Aviation Systems 268 Part III: Aircraft 290 Chapter 13. Personnel Selection and Training 292 Chapter 14. Pilot Performance 326 Chapter 15. Controls, Displays, and Crew Station Design 346 Chapter 16. Flight Deck Aesthetics and Pilot Performance: New Uncharted Seas 382 Chapter 17. Helicopters 404 Chapter 18. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles 428 Part IV: Air-Traffic Control 436 Chapter 19. Flight Simulation 438 Chapter 20. Air-Traffic Control 474 Chapter 21. Air-Traffic Controller Memory 494 Chapter 22. Air-Traffic Control Automation 534 Part V: Aviation Operations and Design 556 Chapter 23. Air-Traffic Control/Flight Deck Integration 558 Chapter 24. Intelligent Interfaces 576 Chapter 25. Weather Information Presentation 594 Chapter 26. Aviation Maintenance 616 Chapter 27. Civil Aviation Security* 632 Chapter 28. Incident and Accident Investigation 662 Chapter 29. Forensic Aviation Human Factors: Accident/Incident Analyses for Legal Proceedings 672 Index 694 0805859063,9780805859065 This handbook is a comprehensive source covering all the current applications of human factors to aviation systems and operations. Since previous standard texts, the range of human factors as a discipline and the range of applications of human factors to aviation have widened. To meet with these developments, this text covers more topics and applications, and includes chapters on such topics as cabin staff and security which previous general texts have not included. In the meantime, aviation has been expanding and is forecast to continue doing so, making new human factors demands. Technical and navigational innovations, advances in communication, cost and time pressures on procurement, new applications of automation, and the need to maintain and enhance aviation safety at all times, have all contributed both to the generation of new human factors problems, and to the more extensive range of possible solutions to them. Recent discernible general influences on this text include: the emphasis on human-centered automation in the specification of human-machine relationships; the international nature of aviation as reflected in cultural differences in preferred practices and procedures; wider acknowledgment of the importance of human factors cognitive processes that underlie and help to explain human task performance; and, increased concern with such activities as maintenance, certification, verification, and validation in the quest for even better system reliability. The handbook, which will be updated regularly, offers the reader major recent developments in aviation and in human factors, and foresees some of the further developments in this field A complete examination of issues and concepts relating to human factors in simulation, this book covers theory and application in space, ships, submarines, naval aviation, and commercial aviation. The authors examine issues of simulation and their effect on the validity and functionality of simulators as a training device. The chapters contain in depth discussions of these particular characteristics and issues. They also incorporate theories pertaining to the motivational aspects of training, simulation of social events, and PC based simulation.