Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Diagnosis, Development, and Brain Mechanisms (1) Fouth Edition

The newest edition of the most comprehensive handbook on autism and related disorders Since the original edition was first published more than a quarter of a century ago, The Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders , Volume 1: Diagnosis, Development, and Brain Mechanisms, has been the most influential reference work in the field of autism and related conditions. The new, updated Fourth Edition takes into account the changes in the disorders' definitions in the DSM-V and ICD-10 that may have profound implications for diagnosis and, by extension, access to services. Along with providing practical clinical advice—including the role of psychopharmacology in treatment—the handbook codifies the ever-expanding current body of research throughout both volumes , offering a wealth of information on the epidemiology of autism and the genetic, environmental, biochemical, social, and neuropathological aspects of the disorder. Volume 1 includes: Information on outcomes in adults with autism spectrum disorders A range of issues and interventions important from infancy, though adolescence and beyond for individuals with autism spectrum disorders Current information about play development, including skills, object play, and interventions Coverage of the state of genetic, biochemical, and neuropathological autism research Chapters on psychopharmacology and medical care in autism and related conditions The new edition includes the relevant updates to help readers stay abreast of the state of this rapidly evolving field and gives them a guide to separate the wheat from the chaff as information about autism proliferates. Cover......Page 1 Title Page......Page 5 Copyright......Page 6 Contents......Page 7 Contributors......Page 13 Preface......Page 21 Section I Diagnosis, Epidemiology, Course......Page 23 Chapter 1 Autism and the Autism Spectrum: Diagnostic Concepts......Page 25 Issues in Diagnosis and Classification......Page 26 Development of Autism as a Diagnostic Concept......Page 28 Related Diagnostic Concepts......Page 39 Barriers to Service......Page 42 Diagnosing ASD in 2013 and Beyond......Page 44 References......Page 45 Historical Perspective of the Broader Autism Phenotype......Page 50 Domains of the BAP......Page 56 References......Page 72 Introduction......Page 79 Prevalence Estimates......Page 84 Time Trends in Prevalence and their Interpretation......Page 99 Correlates of ASDs in Epidemiological Surveys......Page 107 Conclusion......Page 111 References......Page 112 Studies of Outcome in Adult Life......Page 119 Childhood Predictors of Adult Outcome......Page 123 Interventions in Adulthood......Page 124 Mental Health......Page 128 Mortality and Life Expectancy......Page 129 Deterioration in Adulthood......Page 130 Assessing Quality of Life in Autism......Page 132 Implications for Future Research......Page 133 References......Page 134 Section II Development and Behavior......Page 139 Symptoms of ASD in Early Childhood......Page 143 Early Diagnosis......Page 145 Symptoms of ASD in the Second and Third Years of Life......Page 148 Prodromal Symptoms of ASD in the First Year of Life......Page 154 Conclusion and Future Directions......Page 159 References......Page 160 Introduction......Page 170 Social Functioning......Page 172 Cognitive-Academic Functioning......Page 188 Summary and Conclusions......Page 191 References......Page 192 Introduction......Page 198 Educational Assessment......Page 199 Transition to a Functional Curriculum for Individuals with Greater Support Needs......Page 204 Transition to College......Page 205 Summary......Page 207 References......Page 208 Introduction......Page 213 Developmental Course and Prognosis......Page 214 Transitions......Page 215 Clinical Issues......Page 216 Common Treatment Targets......Page 222 Treatments and Services for Adults......Page 225 Conclusion......Page 227 References......Page 228 Introduction......Page 234 Assessment and Classification of Social Dysfunction......Page 235 Developmental Processes in Typical Social Development......Page 239 Developmental Trajectory......Page 243 Intervention......Page 244 References......Page 246 Chapter 10 Language and Communication in Autism......Page 252 The Study of Language Development in Typical Populations......Page 253 The Acquisition of Linguistic Structures......Page 254 Communication and Development in Autism......Page 258 References......Page 276 Chapter 11 Play Development in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: Skills, Object Play, and Interventions......Page 285 Play Characteristics of Children with Autism......Page 286 Functional Play in Children with Autism: Level, Type, and Frequency......Page 287 Symbolic Play in Children with Autism......Page 288 Shared Object Play in Children with Autism......Page 289 Interventions Targeting Play Skills in Children with Autism......Page 290 Conclusions and Recommendations......Page 296 References......Page 297 Chapter 12 Imitation in Autism Spectrum Disorders......Page 300 Roles of Imitation in Development......Page 301 Imitation in ASD: Findings......Page 303 Theories of Imitation......Page 307 Intervention Strategies......Page 314 Conclusions and Future Direction......Page 315 References......Page 316 Chapter 13 Neuropsychological Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorders......Page 324 Sensory Perception......Page 325 Attention......Page 330 Memory......Page 332 Executive Functions......Page 338 Intellectual Ability Profiles......Page 342 Future Directions......Page 345 References......Page 346 Conceptual Issues......Page 354 Systematic Studies of the Early Years......Page 356 Later Childhood and Adolescence......Page 360 Further Perspectives......Page 367 Conclusions......Page 371 References......Page 372 Chapter 15 Motor Control and Motor Learning Processes in Autism Spectrum Disorders......Page 376 Overview of Motor Control and Motor Learning Processes......Page 379 Bridging Theories of Motor Control and Motor Learning with Research in ASD......Page 381 Recommendations for Clinical Interventions and Future Directions......Page 386 Cross-References......Page 387 References......Page 397 Introduction......Page 400 Description, Prevalence,and Specificity of Sensory Features......Page 401 Psychophysical and Physiological Perspectives on Sensory Features......Page 404 Developmental Perspectives on Sensory Features......Page 410 Associations with other Features of ASD......Page 412 Approach to Clinical Assessment......Page 414 Considerations for Intervention......Page 416 Conclusions......Page 418 References......Page 419 Section III Neurobiology and Medical Issues......Page 431 Changing Concepts of Autism......Page 433 Genetic Advances......Page 434 Twin Studies......Page 436 Single Gene Disorders and Their Possible Reversibility......Page 437 Molecular Genetics Findings......Page 439 Genetic Leads on Biological Pathways to ASD......Page 440 Clinical Implications......Page 441 References......Page 442 Introduction......Page 446 Environmental Chemicals......Page 450 Maternal Lifestyle Factors......Page 456 Medically Related Factors......Page 462 Proxies for Environmental Exposures......Page 469 Cross-References......Page 470 References......Page 471 Introduction......Page 479 Serotonin......Page 480 CSF 5-HIAA......Page 483 CSF HVA......Page 484 Stress Response System......Page 485 Melatonin......Page 486 Sex and Thyroid Hormones......Page 487 Oxytocin and other Neuropeptides......Page 488 Amino Acids and Acetylcholine......Page 490 Purines and Related Compounds......Page 491 Oxidative Stress/Redox Status......Page 492 Conclusion......Page 493 References......Page 494 Neural Systems for Social Perception, Action Understanding, and Mental State Reasoning......Page 504 Connectivity in Neural Systems for Social Information Processing......Page 508 Translational Directions......Page 511 Cross-References......Page 512 References......Page 513 Chapter 21 The Neuropathology of Autism......Page 519 Early History......Page 520 Modern History......Page 522 Recent Studies......Page 525 Brain Weight......Page 527 Gliosis......Page 531 Brainstem......Page 533 Cerebellum......Page 534 Cerebral Cortex......Page 536 Asperger Syndrome......Page 541 Expected Pathology......Page 542 A Triple hit Hypothesis......Page 543 Summary......Page 547 References......Page 548 Challenges in Providing Healthcare for Individuals with ASD......Page 554 Medical Conditions Frequently Associated with Autism......Page 555 Frequent Medical Issues and Problems......Page 559 Age-Related Health-Care Issues......Page 562 School-Aged Children......Page 567 Adolescents and Adults......Page 568 Helping Medical Visits be Successful......Page 570 Immunizations and Autism......Page 571 The Role of the Primary Care Provider and the Medical home Model......Page 572 Summary......Page 573 References......Page 574 Introduction......Page 578 Atypical Antipsychotics......Page 579 Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors......Page 583 Stimulants......Page 587 Stimulant Treatment Studies of ADHD in Developmentally Disabled Populations......Page 588 Nonstimulant Medications for Hyperactivity in ASD......Page 589 Miscellaneous Compounds......Page 591 Future Directions......Page 593 Conclusions......Page 595 References......Page 596 Author Index......Page 603 Subject Index......Page 641 "Since the original edition was first published more than a quarter-century ago, The Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders has been the most influential reference work in the field. The new, updated Fourth Edition includes the changes in the way the disorder is defined in the DSM5 and ICD-10 that may have profound implications for diagnosis and, by extension, access to services. Along with providing practical clinical advice-including the role of psychopharmacology in treatment-the handbook codifies the ever-expanding current body of research throughout both volumes. Volume 1 Offers a wealth of information on the epidemiology of autism and the genetic, environmental, biochemical, social, and neuropathological aspects of the disorder Covers descriptive and diagnostic characteristics, biological contributions, intervention techniques, as well as legal and social issues discusses outcomes in adults with autism spectrum disorders; issues and interventions important from infancy through adolescence to adulthood; play development, ; and psychopharmacology and medical care in autism and related conditions. Volume 2 Focuses on three areas of autism studies: Assessment, including screening for autism in young children, diagnostic instruments, clinical evaluation, and behavioral assessment; Interventions for infants and toddlers at risk, treatment models for children and youth with ASD; and Social Policy Perspectives such as supporting independence in the community for individuals with high functioning ASD, supporting the family of people with ASD, and evidence-based psychosocial interventions Policy and Special topics include autism across cultures, autism in the classroom, alternative treatments, teacher and professional training guidelines, and economic aspects of autism Providing a comprehensive review of all information presently available about autism and pervasive developmental disorders, this invaluable, two-volume reference work brings readers up to date on the abundance of research conducted and published since the previous edition."--Publisher's website The latest and most comprehensive resource on autism and related disorders Since the original edition was first published more than a quarter-century ago, The Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders has been the most influential reference work in the field. Volume 2 of this comprehensive work includes a wealth of information from the experts in their respective specialities within the larger field of autism studies: Assessment, Interventions, and Social Policy Perspectives. Within the three sections found in Volume 2, readers will find in-depth treatment of:Screening for autism in young children; diagnostic instruments in autism spectrum disorders (ASD); clinical evaluation in multidisciplinary settings; assessing communications in ASD; and behavioral assessment of individuals with autism, including current practice and future directionsInterventions for infants and toddlers at risk; comprehensive treatment models for children and youth with ASD; targeted interventions for social communication symptoms in preschoolers with ASD; augmentative and alternative communication; interventions for challenging behaviors; supporting mainstream educational success; supporting inclusion education; promoting recreational engagement in children with ASD; social skills interventions; and employment and related services for adults with ASDSupporting adult independence in the community for individuals with high functioning ASD; supporting parents, siblings, and grandparents of people with ASD; and evidence-based psychosocial interventions for individuals with ASDSpecial topic coverage such as autism across cultures; autism in the courtroom; alternative treatments; teacher and professional training guidelines; economic aspects of autism; and consideration of alternative treatments The new edition includes the relevant updates to help readers stay abreast of the state of this rapidly evolving field and gives them a guide to separate the wheat from the chaff as information about autism proliferates The newest edition of the most comprehensive handbook on autism and related disorders

Since the original edition was first published more than a quarter of a century ago, The Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Volume 1: Diagnosis, Development, and Brain Mechanisms, has been the most influential reference work in the field of autism and related conditions. The new, updated Fourth Edition takes into account the changes in the disorders' definitions in the DSM-V and ICD-10 that may have profound implications for diagnosis and, by extension, access to services. Along with providing practical clinical advice--including the role of psychopharmacology in treatment—the handbook codifies the ever-expanding current body of research throughout both volumes , offering a wealth of information on the epidemiology of autism and the genetic, environmental, biochemical, social, and neuropathological aspects of the disorder. Volume 1 includes: Information on outcomes in adults with autism spectrum disorders

• A range of issues and interventions important from infancy, though adolescence and beyond for individuals with autism spectrum disorders
• Current information about play development, including skills, object play, and interventions
• Coverage of the state of genetic, biochemical, and neuropathological autism research
• Chapters on psychopharmacology and medical care in autism and related conditions

The new edition includes the relevant updates to help readers stay abreast of the state of this rapidly evolving field and gives them a guide to separate the wheat from the chaff as information about autism proliferates. This invaluable, two-volume reference work brings readers up to date on the abundance of research conducted and published since the previous edition. Providing a comprehensive review of all information presently available about autism and pervasive developmental disorders, this set explores findings and clinical experience from a number of related disciplines such as psychiatry, psychology, neurobiology, pediatrics, and more. The "Handbook" covers descriptive and diagnostic characteristics, biological contributions, intervention techniques, as well as legal and social issues. The "Fourth Edition" includes new research on genetics, neurobiology, and brain imaging, as well as new coverage of sophisticated methods of screening and assessment.