Handbook of Analytic Philosophy of Medicine (Philosophy and Medicine, 119)

Medical practice is practiced morality, and clinical research belongs to normative ethics. The present book elucidates and advances this thesis by: 1. analyzing the structure of medical language, knowledge, and theories; 2. inquiring into the foundations of the clinical encounter; 3. introducing the logic and methodology of clinical decision-making, including artificial intelligence in medicine; 4. suggesting comprehensive theories of organism, life, and psyche; of health, illness, and disease; of etiology, diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, and therapy; and 5. investigating the moral and metaphysical issues central to medical practice and research. Many systems of (classical, modal, non-classical, probability, and fuzzy) logic are introduced and applied. Fuzzy medical deontics, fuzzy medical ontology, fuzzy medical concept formation, fuzzy medical decision-making and biomedicine and many other techniques of fuzzification in medicine are introduced for the first time. Front Matter....Pages I-XXXVIII Front Matter....Pages 1-1 The Epistemic Impact of Medical Language....Pages 3-20 The Syntax and Semantics of Medical Language....Pages 21-42 The Pragmatics of Medical Language....Pages 43-50 Medical Linguistics....Pages 51-58 Varieties of Medical Concepts....Pages 59-82 Fundamentals of Medical Concept Formation....Pages 83-108 Front Matter....Pages 109-109 The Patient....Pages 111-280 The Physician....Pages 281-282 Clinical Practice....Pages 283-388 Front Matter....Pages 389-389 The Architecture of Medical Knowledge....Pages 391-451 Types of Medical Knowledge....Pages 453-468 The Semantics and Pragmatics of Medical Knowledge....Pages 469-540 Technoconstructivism....Pages 541-562 Front Matter....Pages 563-563 Morality, Ethics, and Deontics....Pages 565-576 Disease as a Deontic Construct....Pages 577-585 Medicine Is a Deontic Discipline....Pages 587-593 Front Matter....Pages 595-595 Logic in Medicine....Pages 597-688 The Logic of Medicine....Pages 689-696 Front Matter....Pages 697-697 Medical Decision-Making....Pages 699-703 Clinical Decision Support Systems....Pages 705-722 Front Matter....Pages 697-697 Artificial Intelligence in Medicine?....Pages 723-733 Front Matter....Pages 735-735 On What There Are....Pages 737-762 Medical Ontology....Pages 763-808 On Medical Truth....Pages 809-817 On the Nature of Medicine....Pages 819-842 Front Matter....Pages 843-843 Science, Medicine, and Rationality....Pages 845-863 Perspectivism....Pages 865-874 The Doubter....Pages 875-878 Front Matter....Pages 879-879 Classical Sets....Pages 881-904 Classical Logic....Pages 905-966 Modal Extensions of Classical Logic....Pages 967-1018 Non-Classical Logics....Pages 1019-1028 Probability Logic....Pages 1029-1054 Fuzzy Logic....Pages 1055-1110 Back Matter....Pages 1111-1214