Handbook of Adolescent Medicine and Health Promotion

"Handbook of Adolescent Medicine and Health Promotion" is a medical handbook for health providers, residents, and students as well as other interdisciplinary practitioners who promote the health and well-being of adolescents and young adults. With an emphasis on practical clinical approaches covering comprehensive health evaluation, which impacts on health choices and behaviors, health screening, education and health promotion, this book is a unique combination of pediatrics, internal medicine, gynecology, and psychology. The behavioral and health promotion aspects for adolescents are discussed in depth, with elaboration on the real difference between adolescent medicine and other specialties. An excellent reference, it provides useful case materials and handouts in an easy-to-read format. This book is an absolute must-have for improving the health outcomes and well-being of adolescents and young adults Contents......Page 16 Preface......Page 8 Foreword......Page 10 About the Author......Page 14 Overview......Page 18 Caring for Teens and Young Adults......Page 20 Interviewing Adolescents......Page 21 Preventive Services Guidelines......Page 25 Physical Health Screening......Page 26 Laboratory Screening......Page 27 Preventive Adolescent Risk Screening......Page 29 Risk Behaviors of Adolescents in Developed Countries......Page 30 Clinical Prioritization of Risk Behaviors (priority order, but not necessarily a severity order)......Page 31 Health Education......Page 33 Anticipatory Guidance......Page 34 Confidentiality......Page 35 The Physician’s Role in Maintaining and Breaching Confidentiality......Page 37 Consent and Treatment......Page 40 Suggested Readings and Bibliography......Page 42 Overview......Page 46 Physical Growth......Page 47 Sexual Development......Page 48 Delayed Puberty......Page 52 Psychosocial Development and Behavior......Page 53 Early Adolescence......Page 55 Characteristic behaviors of early adolescence......Page 56 Characteristic behaviors of middle adolescence......Page 59 Characteristic behaviors of late adolescence......Page 60 Suggested Readings and Bibliography......Page 61 Acne......Page 64 Medications......Page 66 Dermatitis......Page 67 Vectors......Page 68 Bacterial Infections......Page 69 Viral Infections......Page 71 Fungal Infections......Page 72 Sunburn......Page 74 Identifying Melanoma......Page 75 Tattoos and Body Piercing......Page 76 Suggested Readings and Bibliography......Page 78 Overview......Page 80 Medical Compliance and Self-Management......Page 81 Self-Esteem and Compliance......Page 82 Decision Making and Goal Setting......Page 83 Optimizing Self-Management Skills and Compliance via Health Education......Page 84 Asthma......Page 85 Diabetes......Page 88 Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes......Page 89 Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes......Page 95 Eating Disorders......Page 98 Obesity and Overweight......Page 99 The Dying Adolescent......Page 105 Suggested Readings and Bibliography......Page 106 Overview......Page 110 Chronic Fatigue......Page 111 Management......Page 113 Mononucleosis & EB-Virus......Page 114 Management......Page 115 Psychosomatic Illnesses......Page 116 The Triad of Anger, Fear, and Stress — then Reactive Depression......Page 118 Making Psychosomatic Diagnoses......Page 120 Chronic Abdominal Pain......Page 122 Headache......Page 123 Differential Diagnosis of Headaches......Page 125 Management......Page 128 Hypertension......Page 129 Management......Page 131 Behavioral and Environmental Interventions......Page 132 Relaxation Training, Self-Hypnosis, Biofeedback and Other Adjunct Interventions......Page 133 Summary......Page 135 Suggested Readings and Bibliography......Page 136 Overview......Page 140 Anxiety, Depression, Suicide......Page 141 Coping with Anger and Fear......Page 142 Anxiety......Page 143 Depression and Bipolar Disorder......Page 145 Violence, Conduct Disorder, and Abuse......Page 154 Prostitution......Page 156 Maltreatment, Emotional and Physical Abuse......Page 157 Sexual Abuse......Page 158 Tobacco Use......Page 160 Tobacco Prevention......Page 161 Alcohol Use......Page 163 Psychoactive Substance Abuse......Page 164 Methamphetamine Abuse......Page 167 Acute Reactions to Drugs of Abuse......Page 168 Diagnosis and Treatment of Substance Abuse Disorder......Page 169 Testing Adolescents for Substances of Abuse......Page 170 Clinical Issues......Page 173 Ethical Issues......Page 175 Attention Deficit Disorder......Page 176 Management......Page 177 Media Exposure......Page 178 Internet Risks......Page 179 Adolescent Drivers......Page 180 Suggested Readings and Bibliography......Page 181 7. Adolescent Sexuality and Reproductive Health......Page 188 Adolescent Sexual Psychology......Page 189 Sexual Health Services......Page 190 Current Cervical Cancer Screening Recommendations......Page 192 Parenthood Desire and Sexual Experience......Page 193 Sexual Experience......Page 194 Laboratory Diagnosis......Page 195 Contraception......Page 196 The Male Condom......Page 198 Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Injection (Depo-Provera)......Page 199 Oral Contraceptives......Page 200 Emergency Contraception......Page 201 Health Care for Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning (GLBTQ) Youths......Page 203 Variations in Sexual Development......Page 204 Clinical Issues......Page 206 Clinical Approach to GLBTQ Youths......Page 207 Medical Management......Page 208 Female Reproductive Disorders......Page 209 Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding (DUB)......Page 210 Breast Disorders......Page 211 Abdominal Pain......Page 212 Urinary Tract Infection......Page 213 Evaluation and Treatment......Page 214 Sexually Transmitted Infections......Page 215 Sex Education......Page 219 Suggested Readings and Bibliography......Page 221 Overview......Page 226 Preparticipation Sports Evaluation......Page 227 Scoliosis......Page 228 Syncope......Page 229 Common Orthopedic Conditions in the Adolescent......Page 230 Limb Injuries......Page 232 Ankle Sprains......Page 233 Overuse Disorders......Page 235 Performance-Enhancing Substances and Techniques......Page 237 Suggested Readings and Bibliography......Page 238 Overview......Page 240 Adolescent Health Informatics......Page 242 Communications with Adolescent Patients......Page 246 Medical Education Technology......Page 249 Computerized Adolescent Health Screening and Assessment......Page 250 Computer-Assisted Health Promotion and Adolescent Preventive Services......Page 252 Health Promotion and Health Education Using Video, DVD, Multimedia......Page 253 Administration of Video in Medical Settings......Page 255 Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI) Games......Page 256 Interactive Patient Health Education Multimedia......Page 257 Emerging Technologies and Future Trends......Page 258 Suggested Readings and Bibliography......Page 259 Health Guidance and Counseling......Page 264 Changing Youths’ Health Behaviors......Page 266 Changing Behavior and Life Skills......Page 268 Prochaska’s Stages of Readiness to Change......Page 269 Brief Negotiation......Page 270 Suggested Readings and Bibliography......Page 272 Appendix Youth Health Program Software......Page 276 Index......Page 288 Contents 16 Preface 8 Foreword 10 About the Author 14 1. Medical and Paramedical Visits 18 Overview 18 Caring for Teens and Young Adults 20 Interviewing Adolescents 21 Preventive Services Guidelines 25 Recommended Immunizations 26 Physical Health Screening 26 Laboratory Screening 27 Preventive Adolescent Risk Screening 29 Risk Behaviors of Adolescents in Developed Countries 30 Clinical Prioritization of Risk Behaviors (priority order, but not necessarily a severity order) 31 Health Education 33 Anticipatory Guidance 34 Confidentiality 35 The Physician’s Role in Maintaining and Breaching Confidentiality 37 Consent and Treatment 40 Suggested Readings and Bibliography 42 2. Growth and Development 46 Overview 46 Physical Growth 47 Sexual Development 48 Delayed Puberty 52 Psychosocial Development and Behavior 53 Early Adolescence 55 Characteristic behaviors of early adolescence 56 Characteristic behaviors of middle adolescence 59 Characteristic behaviors of late adolescence 60 Summary 61 Suggested Readings and Bibliography 61 3. Dermatology 64 Overview 64 Acne 64 Medications 66 Common Conditions 67 Dermatitis 67 Vectors 68 Bacterial Infections 69 Viral Infections 71 Fungal Infections 72 Sun Exposure and Skin Cancer 74 Sunscreen 74 Sunburn 74 Melanoma and Nevi 75 Identifying Melanoma 75 Tattoos and Body Piercing 76 Suggested Readings and Bibliography 78 4. Chronic Disease Management 80 Overview 80 Medical Compliance and Self-Management 81 Self-Esteem and Compliance 82 Decision Making and Goal Setting 83 Resiliency 84 Optimizing Self-Management Skills and Compliance via Health Education 84 Specific Issues: Asthma, Diabetes, Eating Disorders 85 Asthma 85 Diabetes 88 Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes 89 Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes 95 Eating Disorders 98 Obesity and Overweight 99 The Dying Adolescent 105 Suggested Readings and Bibliography 106 5. Fatigue and Psychosomatic Illnesses 110 Overview 110 Fatigue 111 Chronic Fatigue 111 Evaluation 113 Management 113 Mononucleosis & EB-Virus 114 Management 115 Psychosomatic Illnesses 116 Stress and Symptoms 118 The Triad of Anger, Fear, and Stress — then Reactive Depression 118 Making Psychosomatic Diagnoses 120 Chronic Chest Pain 122 Chronic Abdominal Pain 122 Headache 123 Differential Diagnosis of Headaches 125 Management 128 Hypertension 129 Management 131 General Management of Psychosomatic Symptoms 132 Behavioral and Environmental Interventions 132 Counseling and Psychotherapy 133 Relaxation Training, Self-Hypnosis, Biofeedback and Other Adjunct Interventions 133 Summary 135 Suggested Readings and Bibliography 136 6. Psychology and Behavior 140 Overview 140 Anxiety, Depression, Suicide 141 Coping with Anger and Fear 142 Anxiety 143 Depression and Bipolar Disorder 145 Psychosis 154 Violence, Conduct Disorder, and Abuse 154 Prostitution 156 Maltreatment, Emotional and Physical Abuse 157 Sexual Abuse 158 Legal Reporting Issues 160 Substance Use: Alcohol, Tobacco, Other Drug Use 160 Tobacco Use 160 Tobacco Prevention 161 Alcohol Use 163 Psychoactive Substance Abuse 164 Methamphetamine Abuse 167 Acute Reactions to Drugs of Abuse 168 Diagnosis and Treatment of Substance Abuse Disorder 169 Testing Adolescents for Substances of Abuse 170 Clinical Issues 173 Ethical Issues 175 Attention Deficit Disorder 176 Management 177 Other Psychological and Behavioral Issues for Adolescents 178 Media Exposure 178 Internet Risks 179 Adolescent Drivers 180 Suggested Readings and Bibliography 181 7. Adolescent Sexuality and Reproductive Health 188 Overview 189 Adolescent Sexual Psychology 189 Sexual Health Services 190 Current Cervical Cancer Screening Recommendations 192 Parenthood Desire and Sexual Experience 193 Sexual Experience 194 Adolescent Pregnancy 195 Laboratory Diagnosis 195 Contraception 196 The Male Condom 198 Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Injection (Depo-Provera) 199 Oral Contraceptives 200 Emergency Contraception 201 Other Contraceptives 203 Health Care for Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning (GLBTQ) Youths 203 Variations in Sexual Development 204 Issues for GLBTQ Youths 206 Clinical Issues 206 Clinical Approach to GLBTQ Youths 207 Medical Management 208 Female Reproductive Disorders 209 Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding (DUB) 210 Breast Disorders 211 Male Reproductive Disorders 212 Abdominal Pain 212 Urinary Tract Infection 213 Evaluation and Treatment 214 Sexually Transmitted Infections 215 Sex Education 219 Suggested Readings and Bibliography 221 8. Orthopedic Conditions and Sports 226 Overview 226 Preparticipation Sports Evaluation 227 Scoliosis 228 Kyphosis 229 Syncope 229 Common Orthopedic Conditions in the Adolescent 230 Head Trauma 232 Limb Injuries 232 Ankle Sprains 233 Overuse Disorders 235 Performance-Enhancing Substances and Techniques 237 Suggested Readings and Bibliography 238 9. Practice Management and New Technologies 240 Overview 240 Adolescent Health Informatics 242 Communications with Adolescent Patients 246 Medical Education Technology 249 Computerized Adolescent Health Screening and Assessment 250 Computer-Assisted Health Promotion and Adolescent Preventive Services 252 Health Promotion and Health Education Using Video, DVD, Multimedia 253 Administration of Video in Medical Settings 255 Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI) Games 256 Interactive Patient Health Education Multimedia 257 Emerging Technologies and Future Trends 258 Suggested Readings and Bibliography 259 10. Health Promotion 264 Health Guidance and Counseling 264 Changing Youths’ Health Behaviors 266 Culturally-Specific Health Education 268 Changing Behavior and Life Skills 268 Prochaska’s Stages of Readiness to Change 269 Brief Negotiation 270 Suggested Readings and Bibliography 272 Appendix Youth Health Program Software 276 Index 288 & Quot;Handbook of Adolescent Medicine and Health Promotion" is a medical handbook for health providers, residents, and students as well as other interdisciplinary practitioners who promote the health and well-being of adolescents and young adults. With an emphasis on practical clinical approaches covering comprehensive health evaluation, which impacts on health choices and behaviors, health screening, education and health promotion, this book is a unique combination of pediatrics, internal medicine, gynecology, and psychology. The behavioral and health promotion aspects for adolescents ar Suitable for health providers, residents, and students as well as other practitioners who promote the health and well-being of adolescents and young adults, this book emphasises on practical clinical approaches covering comprehensive health evaluation, which impacts on health choices and behaviors, health screening, education and health promotion.