Hacker & Moore's Essentials of Obstetrics and Gynecology: With STUDENT CONSULT Online Access (Essentials of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Hacker))

Get guidance on evaluation, diagnosis, and management of a wide range of obstetric and gynecologic disorders from the most comprehensive and concise reference on the subject. The 5th Edition of this popular and practical resource features additional clinical photos and material on vaccination and disease prevention. The full-color design with illustrations and photographs complement the text. Access the full text online, along with an additional image gallery, case studies, and online note-taking via Student Consult for a better learning experience. • Features a full-color design and images for a visually accessible guide that easily correlates to actual clinical experience. • Delivers must-know information efficiently and effectively through a concise, clear writing style. • Features a chapter on vaccination and disease prevention and origin for increased clinical focus and utility. • Incorporates more clinical photographs for a clearer visual presentation of clinical applications. • Reflects changes in the APGO/CREOG objectives through updated content. Front Cover 1 ESSENTIALS OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 4 Copyright Page 5 Dedication 6 Contributors 8 Preface to the Fifth Edition 12 Preface to the First Edition 14 Contents 16 PART 1 INTRODUCTION 18 Chapter 1 Principles of Practice Management 20 Principles of Practice Management 20 Patient Safety 22 Health-Care Quality Improvement 25 Focus on Prevention 26 Conclusions 27 Chapter 2 Obstetric and Gynecologic Evaluation 29 Obstetric History 29 Obstetric Physical Examination 30 Diagnosis of Pregnancy 31 Gynecologic History 31 Gynecologic Physical Examination 32 Patients with Special Needs 36 The Geriatric Patient 38 Patients with Disabilities 38 Chapter 3 Female Reproductive Anatomy and Embryology 39 Development of the External Genitalia 39 Anatomy of the External Genitalia 39 Internal Genital Development 41 Normal Embryologic Development of the Ovary 46 Chapter 4 The Menstrual Cycle 51 The Menstrual Cycle 51 Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis 51 Ovarian Cycle 55 Cleavage, Morula, Blastocyst 60 Implantation 60 Placenta 61 Amniotic Fluid 62 PART 2 OBSTETRICS 64 Chapter 5 Endocrinology of Pregnancy and Parturition 66 Fetoplacental Unit 66 Hormones 66 Changes in Maternal Metabolism 70 Parturition 71 Chapter 6 Maternal Physiologic and Immunologic Adaptation to Pregnancy 73 Normal Values in Pregnancy 73 Cardiovascular System 73 Respiratory System 76 Renal Physiology 77 Placental Transfer of Nutrients 78 Other Endocrine Changes 79 Weight Gain in Pregnancy 80 Placental Transfer of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide 80 Fetal Circulation 82 Immunology of Pregnancy 84 Chapter 7 Antepartum Care 88 PreconceptionCarePreconception Care 88 Prenatal Care 90 Confirming Pregnancy and Determining Viability 91 EstimatingGestationalAgeEstimating Gestational Age and Date of Confinement 94 PatientsWhoRequireGeneticPatients Who Require Genetic Counseling 95 Autosomal Recessive Disorders 97 Sex-Linked Disorders 97 Multifactorial Disorders 97 MaternalUltrasonicandSerumMaternal Ultrasonic and Serum Marker Screening 98 Diagnostic Procedures 99 Teratology 99 Advice during Pregnancy 102 Assessment of Fetal Well-Being 104 Chapter 8 Normal Labor, Delivery, and Postpartum Care 108 Anatomic Characteristics of the Fetal Head and Maternal Pelvis 108 Induction and Augmentation of Labor 122 Puerperium 126 Breastfeeding 126 Interconception Care 127 Obstetric Analgesia and Anesthesia 127 Resuscitation of the Newborn 131 Preparation for Extrauterine Life 131 Apgar Score 132 Resuscitation of the Asphyxiated Infant 132 Chapter 9 Fetal Surveillance during Labor 136 Methods of Monitoring Fetal Heart Rate 136 Etiology of Hypoxia, Acidosis, and Fetal Heart Rate Changes 136 Strategies for Intervention 139 Meconium 141 Fetal Blood Sampling 141 Complications of Fetal Monitoring 143 Controversies about Fetal Monitoring in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Fetal Distress 143 Chapter 10 Obstetric Hemorrhage and Puerperal Sepsis 145 Antepartum Hemorrhage 145 Abnormal Placentation 145 Abruptio Placentae 147 Uterine Rupture 148 Fetal Bleeding 148 Postpartum Hemorrhage 148 Obstetric Shock 150 Management of Postpartum Hemorrhage and Obstetric Shock 150 Puerperal Sepsis 153 Chapter 11 Uterine Contractility and Dystocia 156 Physiologic Changes of Labor 156 Normal Labor 156 Abnormalities of the Latent Phase of Labor 157 Abnormalities of the Active Phase of Labor 158 Chapter 12 Obstetric Complications 163 Preterm Labor 163 Premature Rupture of the Membranes 167 Tests of Pulmonary Maturity 169 Surfactant Therapy 170 Intrauterine Growth Restriction 170 Postterm Pregnancy 174 Intrauterine Fetal Demise 175 Chapter 13 Multifetal Gestation and Malpresentation 177 Multiple Gestation 177 Intrapartum Management 181 Fetal Malpresentation 183 Other Presentations 188 Chapter 14 Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy 190 Classification and Definitions 190 Preeclampsia/Eclampsia 192 Evaluation and Management of Preeclampsia 194 Sequelae and Outcome 198 Chapter 15 Rhesus Isoimmunization 200 Pathophysiology 200 Incidence 201 Detecting Fetomaternal or Transplacental Hemorrhage 201 Recognition of the Pregnancy at Risk 201 Timing of Delivery in the Rh-Sensitized Fetus 205 Prevention of Rhesus Isoimmunization 206 Chapter 16 Common Medical and Surgical Conditions Complicating Pregnancy 208 Endocrine Disorders 208 Heart Disease 213 Autoimmune Disease in Pregnancy 215 Renal Disorders 217 Gastrointestinal Disorders 218 Hepatic Disorders 219 Thromboembolic Disorders 220 Obstructive Lung Disease 221 Seizures 222 Bacterial Infections 228 Parasitic Infections 231 Chapter 17 Obstetric Procedures 236 Prenatal Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures 236 Cervical Cerclage 239 Operative Delivery 240 PART 3 GYNECOLOGY 246 Chapter 18 Congenital Anomalies and Benign Conditions of the Vulva and Vagina 248 Vulva 248 Vagina 253 Chapter 19 Congenital Anomalies and Benign Conditions of the Uterine Corpus and Cervix 257 Congenital Anomalies of the Uterine Corpus and Cervix 257 Benign Neoplastic Conditions 258 Trauma of the Uterine Corpus and Cervix 263 Epithelial Conditions of the Uterine Corpus and Cervix 263 Functional Conditions of the Uterine Corpus and Cervix 264 Chapter 20 Congenital Anomalies and Benign Conditions of the Ovaries and Fallopian Tubes 265 CongenitalAnomaliesoftheCongenital Anomalies of the Ovaries and Fallopian Tubes 265 Benign Conditions of the Ovaries 265 Benign Conditions of the Fallopian Tubes 271 Chapter 21 Pelvic Pain 273 Dysmenorrhea 273 Acute Pelvic Pain 275 Chronic Pelvic Pain 276 Anatomy and Physiology 276 Patient Evaluation 277 Differential Diagnosis 278 Management 280 Chapter 22 Vulvovaginitis, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease 282 Reproductive Tract Infections 282 Normal Physiology and Microecology of the Vagina 282 Vaginal Discharge Etiology 283 Other Common Sexually Transmitted Infections 287 Pelvic Inflammatory Disease 289 Other Indications for Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing 292 Chapter 23 Genitourinary Dysfunction 293 Normal Pelvic Anatomy and Supports 293 Pelvic Organ Prolapse 293 Urinary Incontinence 297 Stress Urinary Incontinence 297 Urge Urinary Incontinence and Overactive Bladder 301 Overflow Incontinence 302 Urinary Fistula 302 Urethral Syndrome 302 Urinary Tract Infection 303 Chapter 24 Ectopic Pregnancy 307 Epidemiology and Etiology 307 Natural History of Untreated Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy 307 Symptoms and Clinical Diagnosis of Ectopic Tubal Pregnancy 308 Diagnostic Tests 309 Management 311 Treatment of Uncommon Types of Ectopic Pregnancies 314 Implications for Future Fertility 314 Chapter 25 Endometriosis and Adenomyosis 315 Endometriosis 315 Adenomyosis 320 Chapter 26 Family Planning 322 Contraception 323 Sterilization 329 Abortion 329 Chapter 27 Sexuality and Female Sexual Dysfunction 332 Sexual Development 332 Variation in Sexual Expression 332 Sexual Response 333 Sexual Dysfunction 335 Chapter 28 Family and Intimate Partner Violence, and Sexual Assault 339 Intimate Partner Violence and Family Violence 339 Sexual Assault and Rape 341 Chapter 29 Breast Disease: A Gynecologic Perspective 343 Screening of the Breast in Asymptomatic Women 343 Diagnosis of Breast Lesions 344 Common Benign Breast Disorders 344 Breast Cancer 345 Chapter 30 Gynecologic Procedures 349 AppropriatenessofGynecologicAppropriateness of Gynecologic Procedures 349 Credentialing, Privileging, and Ongoing Training 349 InformedConsentandGeneralInformed Consent and General Risks Associated with Procedures 350 Endometrial Sampling Procedures 350 Cervical Procedures 351 Pelvic Endoscopy 351 Laparoscopy 352 Hysteroscopy 353 Hysterectomy 355 Robotic Surgery in Gynecology 359 PART 4 REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY AND INFERTILITY 360 Chapter 31 Puberty and Disorders of Pubertal Development 362 Endocrinologic Changes of Puberty 362 Somatic Changes of Puberty 365 Precocious Puberty 367 Delayed Puberty 369 Chapter 32 Amenorrhea, Oligomenorrhea, and Hyperandrogenic Disorders 372 Primary Amenorrhea 372 Amenorrhea and Oligomenorrhea with Breast Development and Normal Müllerian Structures 376 AmenorrheaandOligomenorrheaAmenorrhea and Oligomenorrhea with Normal Estrogen Levels 379 AmenorrheaandOligomenorrheaAmenorrhea and Oligomenorrhea with Hyperandrogenism 379 Hyperandrogenic Disorders 380 Evaluation of Patients with Signs of Hyperandrogenism 382 Chapter 33 Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding 385 Diagnosis 386 Management 386 Chapter 34 Infertility and Assisted Reproductive Technologies 388 Physiology of Conception 388 General Principles of Evaluation 388 Basic Evaluations 388 Etiologic Factors 389 Unexplained Infertility 394 Assisted Reproductive Technologies 394 Overall Success of Infertility Therapy 395 Chapter 35 Climacteric 396 Hormonal Changes 396 Ovarian Senescence 397 Clinical Manifestations 398 Osteoporosis 398 Ovarian Hormone Therapy 399 Management of Ovarian Hormonal Therapy 401 Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators 401 Lifestyle Changes and Alternative Treatments for the Climacteric 401 Chapter 36 Menstrual Cycle–Influenced Disorders 403 Treatment 405 Menstrual Migraine Headaches 405 Catamenial (Monthly) Epilepsy 405 Other Menstrual Cycle–Influenced Disorders 406 Other Conditions 406 PART 5 GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY 408 Chapter 37 Principles of Cancer Therapy 410 Cellular Biology 410 Chemotherapy 410 Radiation Therapy 413 Hormonal Therapy 417 Pain Management 417 End-of-Life Issues 418 Chapter 38 Cervical Dysplasia and Cancer 419 Etiology and Epidemiology 419 Primary Prevention 419 Screening of Asymptomatic Women 419 Cervical Topography 420 Classification of an abnormal papanicolaou smear 420 Evaluation of a patient with an abnormal papanicolaou smear 421 Treatment of intraepithelial neoplasia 422 Invasive Cancer 424 Cervical carcinoma in pregnancy 427 Prognosis for Cervical Cancer 428 Chapter 39 Ovarian Cancer 429 Etiology and Epidemiology 429 Screening for Ovarian Cancer 430 Clinical Features 430 Preoperative Evaluation 430 Differential Diagnosis 430 Mode of Spread 430 Staging 431 Classification 431 Epithelial Ovarian Carcinomas 432 Germ Cell Tumors 434 Specialized Gonadal-Stromal Tumors 435 Metastatic Cancers 436 Fallopian Tube Carcinoma 436 Chapter 40 Vulvar and Vaginal Cancer 437 Vulvar Neoplasms 437 Intraepithelial Neoplasia 437 Invasive Vulvar Cancer 438 Vaginal Neoplasms 442 Diethylstilbestrol Exposure in Utero 443 Chapter 41 Uterine Corpus Cancer 445 Epidemiology and Etiology 445 Screening of Asymptomatic Women 445 Symptoms 446 Signs 446 Diagnosis 446 Preoperative Investigations 446 Pathologic Features 446 Pattern of Spread 447 Treatment 448 Uterine Sarcomas 450 Chapter 42 Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia 452 Epidemiology and Etiology 452 Genetics of Gestational Trophoblastic Disease 452 Classification 453 Pathologic Features 453 Hydatidiform Mole 454 Partial Mole 456 Choriocarcinoma 457 Treatment of Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia 458 Index 460 Get guidance on evaluation, diagnosis, and management of a wide range of obstetric and gynecologic disorders from the most comprehensive and concise reference on the subject. The 5th Edition of this popular and practical resource features additional clinical photos and material on vaccination and disease prevention. The full-color design with illustrations and photographs complement the text. Access the full text online, along with an additional image gallery, case studies, USMLE style review qu