Habituation: Theories, Characteristics And Biological Mechanisms (neuroscience Research Progress)

Habituation is a decrease in responsiveness to a repeatedly presented stimulus. Habituation has an important role in attention. By reducing our sensitivity to a constant source of stimulation, it releases attention resources to process new distinct items. In this book, the authors discuss the theories, characteristics and biological mechanisms of habituation. Topics include the important roles for matrix metalloproteinases and cell adhesion molecules in long-term potentiation (LTP), habituation, and drug addiction; habituation theories in current models of chronic tinnitus; habituation deficits in childhood disorders and traumatic brain injury; a mathematical description of habituation and recovery of the head-shake response in rats; and the influence that habituation has on the sensory system and its involvement in many ENT fields. HABITUATION. THEORIES, CHARACTERISTICS AND BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS 3 HABITUATION. THEORIES, CHARACTERISTICS AND BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS 5 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data 6 Contents 7 Preface 9 Chapter I: Important Roles for Matrix Metalloproteinases and Cell Adhesion Molecules in LTP, Habituation, and Drug Addiction 13 Abstract 13 Introduction 14 1. Extracellular Matrix Molecules 15 2. Matrix Metalloproteinases 17 3. Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases 22 4. Models of Learning and Memory 23 5. Possible Memory Consolidation Mechanisms 33 6. Drug Addiction 41 Conclusion and Future Directions 43 Acknowledgments 44 References 45 Chapter II: Habituation Theories in Current Models of Chronic Tinnitus: Evidence and Criticism 67 Abstract 67 Introduction 68 I. Modelling Habituation to Tinnitus 71 II. Application of Habituation Theories to Tinnitus 79 Summary and Conclusion 94 References 96 Chapter III: The Role of Habituation in Attention: A Theory of Habituation Deficits in Childhood Disorders and Traumatic Brain Injury 103 Abstract 103 Introduction 104 Theories and Measures of Habituation 105 The Role of Habituation in Learning, Memory, and Attention 108 Habituation Processes in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Autistic Spectrum Disorder, and Traumatic Brain Injury 110 Theoretical Model of Habituation 115 Conclusion 125 References 126 Chapter IV: A Mathematical Description of Habituation and Recovery of the Head-Shake Response in Rats 135 Abstract 135 Introduction 136 Method 139 Results 141 Discussion 149 Author Note 152 References 152 Chapter V: Habituation in ENT: Mechanisms and Clinical Treatments 157 Abstract 157 Introduction 158 Hearing 160 Tinnitus 161 Olfaction 163 Motion Sickness 164 References 166 Index 173