Gunshot Wounds: Practical Aspects of Firearms, Ballistics, and Forensic Techniques, Second Edition (Crc Series in Practical Aspects of Criminal and Forensic Investigations)

written By The Nation's Foremost Authority On Gunshot Wounds And Forensic Techniques As They Relate To Firearm Injuries, Gunshot Wounds: Practical Aspects Of Firearms, Ballistics, And Forensic Techniques, Second Edition Provides Critical Information On Gunshot Wounds And The Weapons And Ammunition Used To Inflict Them. The Book Describes Practical Aspects Of Ballistics, Wound Ballistics, And The Classification Of Various Wounds Caused By Handguns, Bang Guns, Rifles, And Shotguns. The Final Chapters Explain Autopsy Technique And Procedure And Laboratory Analysis Relating To Weapons And Gunshot Evidence. booknews with Some 78 New Horrific Black-and-white Photographs, And Expanded Discussions And References, A Texas County Chief Medical Examiner Updates The 1985 Edition As Guns Continue To Account For The Majority Of Murders And Suicides. Dr. Di Maio Covers All The Bloody Bases: From Types Of Firearms And Ammunitions To The Latest In Forensic Analyses (e.g. Dna Typing Of Tissue On Bullets). Appends Myths And Facts About Stopping Power And Hollow-point Pistol Ammunition, And A Section On The Forensic Autopsy. Annotation C. By Book News, Inc., Portland, Or. Forensics EEn 1 Gunshot Wounds: Practical Aspects of Firearms, Ballistics, and Forensic Techniques, Second Edition 2 Back Cover 3 Copyright Info 5 Dedication 6 Table of Contents 7 Foreword 15 Acknowledgments 17 Editor's Note 19 Chapter 1: Firearms and Ammunition 21 Small Arms 21 Handguns 21 Single-shot pistols 21 Derringers 21 Revolvers 22 Auto-loading pistols (automatics) 25 Rifles 32 Assault Rifles 33 Shotguns 35 Submachine Guns/Machine Pistols 35 Machine Guns 36 Caliber Nomenclature for Rifled Weapons 36 Ammunition 37 Cartridge Cases 37 Head Stamps 40 Primers 41 Propellants 43 Bullets 45 Caseless Ammunition 48 Flint and Percussion Weapons 49 References 51 General References 51 Chapter 2: The Forensic Aspects of Ballistics 52 Class and Individual Characteristics of Bullets 58 Comparison of Bullets 58 Cartridge Cases 61 Base Markings 62 Cytology on Bullets and Clothing 64 DNA Typing of Tissue on Bullets 65 Fingerprints 65 Black Powder Firearms 66 Discharge of a Weapon 66 Hangfires 70 References 71 General References 71 Chapter 3: Wound Ballistics 72 Loss of Kinetic Energy 77 References 81 General References 82 Chapter 4: An Introduction to the Classification of Gunshot Wounds 83 Contact Wounds 83 Hard-Contact Wounds 83 Loose-Contact Wounds. 84 Angled-Contact Wounds. 85 Incomplete-Contact Wounds. 85 Near-Contact Wounds 86 Intermediate-Range Wounds 89 Cylinder Gap 93 Silencers 96 Muzzle Brakes/Compensators 96 Flash Suppressors 97 Gas Ports/Vents 97 Miscellaneous Powder Patterns 100 Distant Gunshot Wounds 100 Entrance Versus Exit Wounds 101 Entrance Wounds 101 Exit Wounds 110 Miscellaneous Entrance Wounds 114 Intermediary Targets 115 Stippling: Powder Tattooing and Pseudo-Powder Tattooing 121 Pseudo-Soot 125 Ricochet Bullets 127 Bone 131 Bullet Wounds of the Skull 133 Caliber Determination from Entrance Wounds 136 Bullet Wipe 137 Backspatter 137 References 138 Chapter 5: Wounds Due to Handguns 141 Contact Wounds 143 Contact Wounds Over Bone 145 Near-Contact Wounds 152 Hair 153 Gas Injuries 153 Intermediate-Range Wounds 154 Cylinder Gap 162 Distant Wounds 163 Addendum: Centerfire Handgun Cartridges 164 .25 ACP (6.35 x 16) 164 .32 ACP (7.65 x 17SR) 165 .32 Smith & Wesson and .32 Smith & Wesson Long 166 .38 Smith & Wesson (9 x 20R) 166 .38 Special 167 .357 Magnum 167 .380 ACP (9 x 17 mm/9-mm Kurz/9-mm Corto/9-mm Browning Short) 167 9 x 18-mm Makarov 167 .38 Colt Super Auto (9 x 23SR) 167 9-mm Luger (9-mm Parabellum / 9 x 19-mm) 168 .40 Smith & Wesson 168 .45 ACP (11.43 x 23) 168 .44 Smith & Wesson Magnum 168 References 169 Chapter 6: Wounds from .22 Caliber Rimfire Weapons 170 .22 Magnum 171 .22 Short, Long, and Long Rifle Cartridges 172 .22 Short Cartridge 174 .22 Long Ammunition 174 .22 Long Rifle Ammunition 174 Shot Cartridges 175 Hyper-Velocity .22’s 175 BB and CB Caps 177 Frangible Rimfire Ammunition 177 CCI Rimfire Ammunition 178 Wounds Due to Rimfire Ammunition 178 Contact Wounds 178 Intermediate-Range Wounds 180 Distant Wounds 181 References 183 General References 183 Chapter 7: Wounds from Centerfire Rifles 184 Centerfire Rifle Bullets 189 Centerfire Rifle Wounds 194 Powder Tattooing 202 X-rays 206 Perforating Tendency of Centerfire Rifle Bullets 207 Intermediary Targets 207 Soot-Like Residues 211 Assault Rifles 212 Military Ammunition Converted to Sporting Ammunition 215 Plastic Wads in Rifle Bullets 215 Addendum: Rifle Calibers 215 .223 Remington (5.56 x 45 mm) 217 5.45 x 39 217 .243 Winchester (6.16 x 51 mm) 217 .270 Winchester 217 7-mm Magnum 217 7.62 x 39 218 .30 M-1 Carbine (7.62 x 33 mm) 218 .30–30 Winchester 218 .30-06 Springfield (7.62 x 63 mm) 218 .308 Winchester (7.62 x 51 mm) 218 7.62 x 54R (7.62-mm Mosin-Nagent) 219 References 219 Chapter 8: Wounds from Shotguns 220 Shotgun Ammunition 223 Shot 232 Birdshot 232 Buckshot Ammunition 233 Shotgun Slugs 235 Wounds Due to Slugs 240 Wound Ballistics of the Shotgun 244 Shotgun Wounds 245 Contact Wounds of the Head 246 Intermediate and Close-Range Wounds of the Head 250 Contact Wounds of the Trunk 251 Intermediate Range Wounds of the Body 253 Distant Wounds 254 Wounds from Buckshot 262 Pellet Holes in Window Screens 264 Sawed-Off Shotguns 265 Shotgun Diverters 266 Automatic Ejection of Fired Hulls 266 Miscellaneous Notes on Shotgun Shells 266 Miscellaneous Shotgun Ammunition 267 References 268 Chapter 9: Bloody Bodies and Bloody Scenes 270 Physical Activity Following Gunshot Wounds 271 Wounds Seen in The Emergency Room 273 Minimal Velocities Necessary to Perforate Skin 275 Bullet Emboli 277 Gunshot Wounds of the Brain 279 Bone Chips 279 Secondary Fractures of the Skull 279 Shape of the Bullet Tracks 280 Point of Lodgement of the Bullet 280 Intrauterine Gunshot Wounds 283 Lead Poisoning from Retained Bullets 283 Location of Fatal Gunshot Wounds 285 Behavior of Ammunition and Gunpowder in Fires 285 Blunt-Force Injuries from Firearms 287 Multiple Gunshot Wounds Through One Entrance 288 Falling Bullets 288 Reaction–Response Times in Handgun Shootings 290 References 291 Chapter 10: Weapons and Ammunition: Miscellaneous 294 Air Weapons 294 Zip Guns 299 Stud Guns 300 Captive Bolt Devices (Pistols) 301 Bang Sticks 303 Sympathetic Discharge of Rimfire Firearms 303 Bullets without Rifling Marks 305 Elongated bullets 306 Cast Bullets 306 Sabot Ammunition 306 Tandem Bullets 309 New Forms of Handgun Ammunition 309 Hollow-Point Design 310 Silvertip® Handgun Ammunition. 310 Black Talon® 311 Supreme® SXT® 311 Hydra-Shok® 311 Miscellaneous Bullet Designs 313 Glazer Ammunition 313 Exploding Ammunition 313 Blitz-Action Trauma (BAT) Bullet 315 Multiple Bullet Loadings 315 Ammunition Intended for Use In Indoor Ranges 316 NYCLAD® Revolver Cartridges 317 Frangible Bullets 317 “Armor-Piercing” Handgun Ammunition: KTW and Its Legacy 317 Handgun Shot Cartridges 318 Plastic Training Ammunition 319 Flechettes 320 Rubber and Plastic Bullets 321 Blank Cartridge Injuries 322 Electrical Guns 325 Interchangeability of Ammunition in Weapons 325 Markings and Foreign Material on Bullets 328 Effect of Environmental Temperature on Bullet Velocity 329 References 330 Chapter 11: X-Rays 332 References 342 Chapter 12: Detection of Gunshot Residues 343 Methods of Analyzing Gunshot Residues 344 Flameless Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) 345 Scanning Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometery (SEM-EDX) 350 Trace Metal Detection Technique (TMDT) 351 Gunshot Wounds Through Clothing 352 Analytical Examination of Clothing for Range Determination 356 The Modified Greiss Test 356 The Sodium Rhodizonate Test 357 EDX for Examination of Clothes 358 Range Determination in Decomposed Bodies 358 Addendum 360 References 361 Chapter 13: Correct Handling of Deaths from Firearms 362 The Autopsy Report 366 Chapter 14: Suicide by Firearms 370 Suicides Due to Handguns 372 Suicides Due to Long Arms 378 Suicides in General 379 Movement of Firearms at the Scene 382 Guns Found in the Hand 382 Backspatter (Blowback) on the Hands of Shooters in Cases of Suicide 384 Backspatter (Blowback) on Weapons in Cases of Contact Wounds 385 “Russian Roulette” 385 Accidental Deaths from Firearms 386 Rifles and Shotguns 391 Slam-Fires 391 References 392 Appendix A: “Stopping Power” and Hollow-Point Pistol Ammunition: Myths and Facts 393 Appendix B: The Forensic Autopsy in Gunshot Wound Cases 397 The Autopsy Report 399 Use of DNA and cytology to associate a bullet recovered at the scene to a deceased; Bang guns; Rubber and plastic bullets; Muzzle brakes; Captive-bolts; Ballistics of bullets fired straight up into the air; Stellate wounds due to distant gunshot wounds of the head Hangfires; Slamfires; Wounds due to assault rifles. Updated and expanded topics in this edition include: Wounds due to air rifles; bullet emboli; Blowback of blood on weapons and hands in suicide cases; Richochets; Suicides. "Written by the nation's foremost authority on gunshot wounds and forensic techniques as they relate to firearm injuries, Gunshot Wounds: Practical Aspects of Firearms, Ballistics, and Forensic Techniques, Second Edition provides critical information on gunshot wounds and the weapons and ammunition used to inflict them. The book describes practical aspects of ballistics, wound ballistics, and the classification of various wounds caused by handguns, bang guns, rifles, and shotguns. The final chapters explain autopsy technique and procedure and laboratory analysis relating to weapons and gunshot evidence."--Back cover Written by the nation's foremost authority on gunshot wounds and forensic techniques as they relate to firearm injuries, Gunshot Wounds: Practical Aspects of Firearms, Ballistics, and Forensic Techniques, Second Edition provides critical information on gunshot wounds and the weapons and ammunition used to inflict them. Topics addressed include practical aspects of ballistics, wound ballistics, and the classification of various wounds caused by handguns, bang guns, rifles, and shotguns; autopsy technique and procedure; and laboratory analysis relating to weapons and gunshot evidence.-- Presents updated and expanded information on wounds due to air rifles; bullet emboli; blowback of blood on weapons and hands in suicide cases; and richochets-- Explains use of DNA and cytology to associate a bullet recovered at the scene to a deceased-- Provides up-to-date information on bang guns; rubber and plastic bullets; muzzle brakes; captive-bolts; ballistics of bullets fired straight up into the air; and wounds due to assault rifles