آموزش هدایت‌شده: چگونه یادگیرندگان مطمئن و موفقی پرورش دهیم

You know that repeating the same words and the same instructions or simply announcing the answers to questions doesn t help students learn. How do you get past the predictable and really teach your kids how to learn?Douglas Fisher and Nancy Frey say that helping students develop immediate and lifelong learning skills is best achieved through guided instruction, which they define as saying or doing the just-right thing to get the learner to do cognitive work" in other words, gradually and successfully transferring knowledge and the responsibility for learning to students through scaffolds for learning. In this helpful and informative book, they explain how guided instruction fits your classroom and works for your students.Their four-part system for implementation consists of these elements:\* Questioning to check for understanding.\* Prompting to facilitate students thinking processes and processing.\* Cueing to shift students attention to focus on specific information, errors, or partial understandings.\* Explaining and modeling when students do not have sufficient knowledge to complete tasks on their own.Each element is thoroughly explained and illustrated with numerous examples drawn from the authors extensive experience in the classroom and their observations of hundreds of expert teachers, as well as a broad sampling of relevant research. Aimed at teachers at all grade levels, across the curriculum, Guided Instruction will help you provide timely and meaningful scaffolds that boost students to higher levels of understanding and accomplishment. You know that repeating the same words and the same instructionsor simply announcing the answers to questionsdoesn't help students learn. How do you get past the predictable and really teach your kids how to learn? Douglas Fisher and Nancy Frey say that helping students develop immediate and lifelong learning skills is best achieved through guided instruction, which they define as "saying or doing the just-right thing to get the learner to do cognitive work"in other words, gradually and successfully transferring knowledge and the responsibility for learning to students through scaffolds for learning. In this helpful and informative book, they explain how guided instruction fits your classroom and works for your students. Their four-part system for implementation consists of these * Questioning to check for understanding. * Prompting to facilitate students' thinking processes and processing. * Cueing to shift students' attention to focus on specific information, errors, or partial understandings. * Explaining and modeling when students do not have sufficient knowledge to complete tasks on their own. Each element is thoroughly explained and illustrated with numerous examples drawn from the authors' extensive experience in the classroom and their observations of hundreds of expert teachers, as well as a broad sampling of relevant research. Aimed at teachers at all grade levels, across the curriculum, Guided Instruction will help you provide timely and meaningful scaffolds that boost students to higher levels of understanding and accomplishment. In this book, the authors explain why telling students things over and over--and perhaps more slowly and more loudly--does not result in understanding. Instead, discover how to use a combination of questions, prompts, cues, direct explanations, and modeling to guide students' learning and build their understanding. Explore an approach to instruction that ensures you make the four strategic moves that help students become more capable and independent learners: (1) using robust and productive questions to check for understanding; (2) giving students prompts that focus them on the thought process they need to complete a learning task; (3) providing students with cues that focus them on specific information, errors, or partial understandings; and (4) explaining and modeling when students do not have sufficient knowledge to complete tasks. Chapters include: (1) Scaffolds for Learning: The Key to Guided Instruction; (2) Questioning to Check for Understanding; (3) Prompting for Cognitive and Metacognitive Processes; (4) Cueing Students' Attention for Learning; (5) Direct Explanation, Modeling, and Motivation; and (6) Answers to Questions on Considerations and Logistics. The book also includes: An Introduction; References; Related ASCD Resources: Guided Instruction; and A Study Guide for Guided Instruction: How to Develop Confident and Successful Learners Front cover ......Page 1 Title page ......Page 4 Copyright ......Page 5 Contents ......Page 6 Introduction......Page 8 1—Scaffolds for Learning: The Key to Guided Instruction......Page 20 2—Questioning to Check for Understanding......Page 33 3—Prompting for Cognitive and Metacognitive Processes......Page 55 4—Cueing Students’ Attention for Learning......Page 89 5—Direct Explanation, Modeling, and Motivation......Page 115 6—Answers to Questions on Considerations and Logistics......Page 135 References......Page 144 Index......Page 152 About the Authors......Page 157 Back cover ......Page 163