رشد ارکیده‌های بومی آفریقای جنوبی

Introduction to South African indigenous orchids; the cultivation of terrestrial species; the cultivation of epiphytic species; orchid breeding, pollination and seed production; propagation of indigenous orchids from seed and by tissue culture. Appendices: nature conservation legislation regarding indigenous orchids; construction of a seed sowing box and of a laminar flow cabinet; registered hybrids; list of orchid species and applicable sowing media; sources of plants; classification of indigenous orchids; South African Orchid Council and affiliated societies.;Providing a guide to the cultivation of both the terrestrial and epihytic orchid species growing in South Africa, this volume includes numerous hints, illustrations and photographs to help simplify the process. Cover......Page 1 Half Title......Page 2 Title Page......Page 6 Copyright Page......Page 7 Dedication......Page 8 Preface......Page 10 Acknowledgements......Page 12 Table of Contents......Page 14 List of Plates......Page 18 List of Figures and Tables......Page 22 1.1 General......Page 26 1.2 The power of observation......Page 27 1.4.1 Rainfall and water requirements......Page 29 1.4.3 Humidity......Page 30 1.4.4 The interaction of water, humidity, temperature and air movement......Page 31 1.5 Habitat......Page 32 1.5.1 Habitat classification......Page 33 1.6 Studying the plant growth habit......Page 38 1.7 Climate in South Africa......Page 40 1.8.1 Shadehouse......Page 46 1.8.2 Utilising additional space around the home......Page 48 1.8.3 Greenhouse......Page 49 1.8.5 Garden culture......Page 51 1.9.1 The pH of water......Page 52 1.9.2 Conductivity and total salt content of water......Page 54 1.10 Fertilisers......Page 55 1.10.1 Fertiliser application......Page 56 1.11.2 Red spider mite......Page 57 1.11.3 Mealy bug......Page 58 1.11.7 Gall midge fly......Page 59 1.11.9 Bacterial diseases......Page 60 1.11.10 Fungal diseases......Page 62 1.11.12 Virus diseases......Page 63 2.1.1 A growth habit correlating closely to that of sympodial epiphytes......Page 64 2.1.2 Species with several fleshy tuberoids......Page 65 2.1.3 Plants with single tuberoids......Page 66 2.2 Symbiosis and the importance of mycorrhizal fungi in orchids......Page 69 2.3 Pots......Page 71 2.4 Potting mix constituents......Page 73 2.6 Potting collected plants......Page 76 2.8 Care of dormant plants......Page 80 2.9 Detailed cultivation notes for terrestrial species......Page 81 2.9.1 Bonatea......Page 82 2.9.2 Disa......Page 86 2.9.3 Eulophia......Page 103 2.9.4 Habenaria......Page 117 2.9.5 Herschelianthe......Page 121 2.9.6 Satyrium......Page 125 2.9.7 Stenoglottis......Page 134 2.9.8 Other taxa......Page 140 3.1.1 Sympodial growth......Page 146 3.2 Watering and feeding epiphytes......Page 147 3.4 Epiphyte mounts and potting mixes......Page 148 3.5 Mounting and potting epiphytes......Page 151 3.6.1 Sympodial epiphytes according to preferred temperature range in cultivation......Page 152 3.6.2 Monopodial epiphytes according to preferred temperature ranges in cultivation......Page 161 4.1 Aims of hybridising......Page 182 4.2.2 Flower structure......Page 183 4.2.4 Pollinating various genera......Page 185 4.3.1 Selfing......Page 196 4.3.3 Interspecific hybrids......Page 197 4.3.4 Intergeneric hybrids......Page 198 4.3.6 Diploids, triploids and tetraploids......Page 199 4.5 Storage of pollinia......Page 202 4.7 Collecting green capsules for the green capsule sowing method......Page 203 4.8 Dehiscence of the ripe capsule......Page 206 4.9 Storage of seed......Page 207 5.2 Germination and development of an orchid seedling......Page 208 5.2.2 Symbiotic germination......Page 210 5.3 Sowing seed around the mother plant......Page 211 5.4.1 Material and equipment required for sowing seed......Page 212 5.4.2 Using a sowing box for sowing seed, reflasking and micropropagation......Page 218 5.4.3 Using a laminar flow cabinet for sowing seed, reflasking and micropropagation......Page 220 5.4.4 Sterilisation of flasks and other equipment......Page 221 5.4.5 Sterilising orchid seed......Page 224 5.4.6 Sowing the seed......Page 226 5.4.7 Sowing seed using the green capsule sowing method......Page 229 5.5.2 Isolating fungi from orchid tissue......Page 232 5.5.4 Institutions specialising in the storage and culture of fungi......Page 234 5.6.1 Introduction......Page 235 5.6.3 Obtaining an explant for micropropagation......Page 236 5.6.4 Culture media......Page 237 5.7.1 Labelling and recording of information......Page 238 5.7.3 The light cabinet......Page 239 5.7.4 Temperature......Page 240 5.7.5 Reflasking......Page 241 5.8 Deflasking mature seedlings......Page 244 5.9 Care of seedlings......Page 249 Appendix 1: Nature Conservation Legislation Regarding Indigenous Orchids......Page 254 Appendix 2: Construction of a Seed Sowing Box and of a Laminar Flow Cabinet......Page 260 Appendix 3: Registered Hybrids......Page 270 Appendix 4: Sowing and Micropropagation Media Formulations, and List of Media Used for Indigenous Orchids......Page 274 Appendix 5: Sources of Plants......Page 284 Appendix 6: Classification of Indigenous Orchids......Page 286 Appendix 7: South African Orchid Council and Affiliated Orchid Societies......Page 288 Glossary......Page 290 References......Page 292 Index......Page 296 Providing a guide to the cultivation of both the terrestrial and epihytic orchid species growing in South Africa, this volume includes numerous hints, illustrations and photographs to help simplify the process. Detailed growing notes are given for over 60 terrestrial and over 40 epiphytic species.