آب‌زیرزمینی و ترمیم خاک: طراحی فرآیند و برآورد هزینه فناوری‌های اثبات‌شده

Hyman and Dupont describe conventional treatment technologies to remediate contaminated soil and groundwater and explain how these treatments are designed and what they cost. Of Important Points for Soil Venting -- Thermal Treatment for Soils and Sludges -- Incineration Basics -- Low-Temperature Thermal Desorption Basics -- Heat Recovery -- Incinerators -- Rotary kilns -- Features -- Oxygen Lancing and Oxygen Enrichment -- Fluidized CBCs -- Infrared Furnace Systems -- Thermal Desorbers -- Handling of Feed and of Treated Soils -- Air Pollution Control -- Use of Afterburners (Thermal Oxidizers) -- Recovery of Organic Fluids from Indirect-Fired Desorbers -- Abatement of Particulate Emissions and Acid Gases -- Emissions of NOx -- CO Emissions -- Main System Design Parameters for Thermal Treatment -- Characterization of the "Waste" for Thermal Treatment -- Vapor Pressure Considerations for Thermal Desorbers -- Examples of Design Calculations -- Contaminant Destruction Efficiency and Emission Limitations -- Limitations on Particulate Emissions and Plume Opacity Correlations -- Plume Opacity -- Emissions Source Testing -- Baghouse Design Parameters -- Wet Scrubber Power Requirements -- Design of Vertical Packed Acid Gas Scrubbers -- Venturi Scrubber Design Parameters -- Treatability Studies and Trial Burns -- Testing Thermal Desorption from Soils -- Trial Burns -- Cost Estimating for Thermal Soil Treatment -- Incineration Costs -- Incineration Costs per Ton -- Computerized Cost Estimating for Incineration -- Desorption Costs -- Desorption Costs per Ton or per Cubic Yard -- Computerized Equipment Sizing and Cost Estimating for Desorption -- Total Project Costs for Ex Situ Soil Remediation Groundwater and Soil Remediation describes conventional treatment technologies and explains how they are designed and what they cost. This practical book provides design details and examples of remediation techniques with an emphasis on the integration of remediation technologies into a process design scheme. Chemical engineering techniques are applied to civil and environmental engineering and hydrogeologic contamination problems, allowing engineers to select the best-suited remediation solution from competing alternatives. The steps in systematic process design and process control are described in detail for a variety of soil and groundwater remediation techniques, including: metals removal from groundwater, groundwater remediation using carbon absorption, stripping of groundwater, aqueous chemical oxidation, bioremediation systems, soil venting, thermal treatment for soils and sludges, soil washing, and stabilization and solidification. Applications of traditional cost estimating methods as well as those developed especially for remediation systems, based on what is often limited subsurface information, are also presented. The book provides a logical pathway for determining the best feasible combinations of processes for complex remediation systems, explains how readers can learn to interpret or create piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs), and gives a comprehensive exposition for cost estimating of treatment systems with both traditional methods and computer programs