Greenhouse Gas Emissions - Fluxes and Processes: Hydroelectric Reservoirs and Natural Environments (Environmental Science and Engineering / Environmental Science)

In a time when an unquestionable link between anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases and climatic changes has finally been acknowledged and \* widely documented through IPCC reports, the need for precise estimates of greenhouse gas (GHG) production rates and emissions from natural as well as managed ecosystems has risen to a critical level. Future agreements between nations concerning the reduction of their GHG emissions will - pend upon precise estimates of the present level of these emissions in both natural and managed terrestrial and aquatic environments. From this viewpoint, the present volume should prove to a benchmark contribution because it provides very carefully assessed values for GHG emissions or exchanges between critical climatic zones in aquatic en- ronments and the atmosphere. It also provides unique information on the biases of different measurement methods that may account for some of the contradictory results that have been published recently in the literature on this subject. Not only has a large array of current measurement methods been tested concurrently here, but a few new approaches have also been developed, notably laser measurements of atmospheric CO concentration 2 gradients. Another highly useful feature of this book is the addition of - nitoring and process studies as well as modeling. Front Matter....Pages I-XXIX Résumé-Synthèse....Pages 1-19 Introduction....Pages 21-34 Analytical Techniques for Measuring Fluxes of CO 2 and CH 4 from Hydroelectric Reservoirs and Natural Water Bodies....Pages 37-60 Development and Use of an Experimental near Infrared Open Path Diode Laser Prototype for Continuous Measurement of CO 2 and CH 4 Fluxes from Boreal Hydro Reservoirs and Lakes....Pages 61-85 Greenhouse Gas Fluxes (CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O) in Forests and Wetlands of Boreal, Temperate and Tropical Regions....Pages 87-127 Diffuse Flux of Greenhouse Gases — Methane and Carbon Dioxide — at the Sediment-Water Interface of Some Lakes and Reservoirs of the World....Pages 129-153 Organic Carbon Densities of Soils and Vegetation of Tropical, Temperate and Boreal Forests....Pages 155-185 Carbon Dioxide and Methane Emissions from Estuaries....Pages 187-207 GHG Emissions from Boreal Reservoirs and Natural Aquatic Ecosystems....Pages 209-232 CO 2 Emissions from Semi-Arid Reservoirs and Natural Aquatic Ecosystems....Pages 233-250 A Comparison of Carbon Dioxide Net Production in Three Flooded Uplands (FLUDEX, 1999–2002) and a Flooded Wetland (ELARP, 1991–2002) Using a Dynamic Model....Pages 251-265 Gross Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Brazilian Hydro Reservoirs....Pages 267-291 Long Term Greenhouse Gas Emissions from the Hydroelectric Reservoir of Petit Saut (French Guiana) and Potential Impacts....Pages 293-312 Production of GHG from the Decomposition of in vitro Inundated Phytomass and Soil....Pages 315-338 Diffusive CO 2 Flux at the Air-Water Interface of the Robert-Bourassa Hydroelectric Reservoir in Northern Québec : Isotopic Approach ( 13 C)....Pages 339-354 The Use of Carbon Mass Budgets and Stable Carbon Isotopes to Examine Processes Affecting CO 2 and CH 4 Production in the Experimental FLUDEX Reservoirs....Pages 355-382 Mass Balance of Organic Carbon in the Soils of Forested Watersheds from Northeastern North America....Pages 383-420 Planktonic Community Dynamics over Time in a Large Reservoir and their Influence on Carbon Budgets....Pages 421-440 Production and Consumption of Methane in Soil, Peat, and Sediments from a Hydro-Electric Reservoir (Robert-Bourassa) and Lakes in the Canadian Taiga....Pages 441-465 Bacterial Activity in the Water Column and its Impact on the CO 2 Efflux....Pages 467-482 Production-Consumption of CO 2 in Reservoirs and Lakes in Relation to Plankton Metabolism....Pages 483-507 Impacts of Ultraviolet Radiation on Aquatic Ecosystems: Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Implications for Hydroelectric Reservoirs....Pages 509-527 Impact of Methane Oxidation in Tropical Reservoirs on Greenhouse Gases Fluxes and Water Quality....Pages 529-560 Using Gas Exchange Estimates to Determine Net Production of CO 2 in Reservoirs and Lakes....Pages 563-574 A One-Dimensional Model for Simulating the Vertical Transport of Dissolved CO 2 and CH 4 in Hydroelectric Reservoirs....Pages 575-595 Modelling the GHG emission from hydroelectric reservoirs....Pages 597-635 Synthesis....Pages 637-659 Back Matter....Pages 661-732 "This is the first book to provide measurements of greenhouse gases from both aquatic and terrestrial environments as well as from hydroelectric reservoirs. This monograph not only presents the state-of-the-art techniques for measuring the emissions of greenhouse gases, but also demonstrates the mechanisms or processes leading to the emissions of greenhouse gases."--BOOK JACKET The major greenhouse gases (GHGs) are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) (IPCC 2001).