Green Accounting In Europe: A Comparative Study, Volume 2 (The Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (Feem) Series on Economics, the Environment and Sustainable ... (Feem) Series on Economics, the Environment)

Traditional measures of economic activity, such as GDP, take no account of damage done to the stock of natural capital by environmental change nor the loss of welfare that economic activity causes through increased pollution. This book predominantly addresses the second question and develops and expands previous research by the authors (Markandya and Pavan, 1999). Using spatially desegregated data on measures of pollution to derive economic damage estimates, the main purpose of the book is to gauge the environmental damage sustained as a result of economic activities and to offer an insight about how the information generated can be used in conjunction with conventional economic accounts. The first few chapters review recent developments in both green accounting and pathway analysis. The book goes on to evaluate the progress made in estimating dose response functions and valuing environmental damages. The authors discuss the methodology used for the estimation of damages caused by ambient air pollution and the cost of defensive expenditures. They also present the results of the analysis and draw important policy conclusions for environmental accounting, particularly in the EU. This book will be essential reading for environmental economists, particularly those interested in issues of environmental accounting. Traditional measures of economic activity, such as GDP, take no account of damage done to the stock of natural capital by environmental change nor the loss of welfare that economic activity causes through increased pollution. This book predominantly addresses the second question and develops and expands on previous research by the authors (Markandya and Pavan, 1999). Using spatially desegregated data on measures of pollution to derive economic damage estimates, the main purpose of the book is to gauge the environmental damage sustained as a result of economic activities and to offer an insight into how the information generated can be used in conjunction with conventional economic accounts. The first few chapters review recent developments in both green accounting and pathway analysis. The book goes on to evaluate the progress made in estimating dose response functions and valuing environmental damages. The authors discuss the methodology used for the estimation of damages caused by ambient air pollution and the cost of defensive expenditures. They also present the results of the analysis and draw important policy conclusions for environmental accounting, particularly in the EU. This book will be essential reading for environmental economists, particularly those interested in issues of environmental accounting. Contents......Page 5 Contributors......Page 7 Preface......Page 11 1. Introduction and project objectives......Page 15 2. Developments in green accounting......Page 27 3. Developments in pathway analysis......Page 46 4. Updates to exposure–response functions......Page 53 5. Developments in valuation......Page 77 6. The methodology for the estimation of impacts and damage costs caused by ambient air pollution......Page 99 7. Defensive expenditures......Page 105 8. Estimates of damage costs from air pollution to human health, crops and materials......Page 125 9. Attribution of air damages to countries and economic sectors of origin......Page 238 10. Developments in estimation of damages to crops......Page 305 11. Forest and ecosystem damages......Page 331 12. Valuation of water......Page 375 13. Damages to land......Page 393 14. Marginal cost estimates of greenhouse gas emissions......Page 423 15. Environmental expenditures......Page 441 16. Conclusions and policy recommendations......Page 485 Index......Page 515 Edited By Anil Markandya, Marialuisa Tamborra. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.