Greece and the Cold War : Diplomacy and Anti-Colonialism in the Aftermath of Civil Conflict

"After the proclamation of the Truman Doctrine in 1947, the United States became deeply involved in Greek affairs. By 1952, however, the pro-Western government of Marshal Papagos began to support the nationalist 'Enosis' movement in Cyprus and called for an end to British colonial rule in the island. The opposition of the US, Britain and Turkey to these demands brought Greece face-to-face with its closest allies at the United Nations in 1954 and led to the outbreak of the first major crisis within NATO since its creation. Greece and the Cold War examines these developments from the novel perspective of critical international theory and exposes the unexplored connections between dependence and nationalism in Greek foreign policy. Drawing on a wide range of American, British and Greek archival sources, it argues that nationalism and compliance with the collective interests of NATO were two irreconcilable objectives in Greek foreign policy after 1952. At the same time, the book tells the story of how the post-Civil War governments of Greece, for a variety of political, cultural and ideological reasons, treated these two objectives as essentially compatible, resulting in the adoption of a dualist policy. This self-contradictory diplomatic doctrine, which the author refers to as "dependent nationalism", lies at the heart of Greece's post-War failures both to emancipate its politics from US intervention and to peacefully end its regional dispute with Turkey over Cyprus. The book deploys an interdisciplinary approach which brings together the diverse perspectives of diplomatic history, foreign policy analysis and political sociology"-- Provided by publisher Following the proclamation of the Truman Doctrine in 1947, which provided economic and military aid to Greece and Turkey in an effort to prevent them from turning to communism, the US became deeply involved in Greek affairs. By 1952, however, the pro-Western Greek government under Marshal Papagos had begun to support Greek nationalism in Cyprus, and was demanding an end to British colonial rule on the island. The opposition of the US, Britain and Turkey to these demands brought Greece face-to-face with its closest allies at the United Nations and led to the outbreak of the first major crisis within NATO since its creation. Alexander Kazamias here analyses these events from the perspective of critical international theory and exposes the unexplored connections between dependence and nationalism in Greek foreign policy. This book will appeal to scholars and students of the Cold War, decolonization, diplomacy and Modern Greek history. Cover Contents List of illustrations List of tables Acknowledgements Introduction 1 Conceptualizing the Dualism of Greek Foreign Policy 2 Hegemony, dependence and the US policy review of 1952 3 The domestic structures of the Post-Civil War Political System 4 From dependence to dualism: Cyprus Enters Greek Foreign Policy 5 Dependent Nationalism: ‘Operating between two notions’ 6 The semi-internationalization of the Cyprus question: The UN appeal 7 The Dualist Aspects of Foreign Economic Policy Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index Conceptualizing the dualism of Greek foreign policy -- Hegemony, dependence and the US policy review of 1952 -- The domestic structures of the post-civil war political system -- From dependence to dualism : Cyprus enters Greek foreign policy -- Dependent nationalism : 'operating between two notionsh' -- The semi-internationalization of the Cyprus question : the UN appeal -- The dualist aspects of foreign economic policy