Grasping the Water, Energy, and Food Security Nexus in the Local Context: Case study: Karawang Regency, Indonesia (IHE Delft PhD Thesis Series)

The existence of water, energy, and food (WEF) is critical for people to fulfil their basic needs, to achieve welfare, and to support the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The WEF security topic is becoming widely discussed in developing and developed countries. Major components of WEF security i.e. availability, accessibility, and quality should be achieved integratedly to avoid unexpected impacts. The interconnectedness among endogenous and exogenous variables such as environmental, socio-economic, and political factors makes this issue immensely complex. The nexus approach attempts to integrate management and governance across sectors and scales to improve WEF security. This study aims to grasp WEF security in a local context and evaluate the implications of planned local interventions by developing a conceptual and quantitative analysis with local stakeholders. Karawang Regency in Indonesia is chosen as the case study. Several strategies for WEF-related sectors are formulated using location quotient (LQ) and competitive position (CP) methods. In addition, qualitative and quantitative system dynamics models are established by involving related stakeholders through group model building. Finally, a nexus-based framework for WEF security is developed to assist local policymakers in doing the evaluation and planning of WEF resources in the region. Cover Half Title Series Page Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Summary Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 Background 1.1.1 WEF security nexus concepts 1.1.2 WEF security in Indonesia 1.2 Problem identification 1.3 Research objectives 1.4 Methods summary 1.5 Study area 1.6 Thesis outline 2 WEF nexus: Knowledge gaps, criticisms, and improvements 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Assessing existing WEF nexus frameworks 2.3 Literature criticisms on the WEF nexus concept 2.4 Efforts to narrow gaps and address criticisms 2.4.1 Narrowing knowledge gaps 2.4.2 Addressing criticisms in WEF nexus frameworks 2.5 Updating the WEF nexus frameworks 2.6 Conclusion 3 WEF-related sectors in local economic development 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Methods 3.2.1 Dataset 3.2.2 Location quotient (LQ) 3.2.3 Competitive position (CP) 3.3 Study area 3.4 Result and discussion 3.4.1 Comparison of sector's agglomeration 3.4.2 Analysis of water, energy, and food-related sectors 3.4.3 Trends of WEF-related sub-sectors in Karawang Regency 3.4.4 Proposed strategies for WEF-related sectors and sub-sectors in Karawang Regency 3.4.5 Sustainability and nexus perspective in WEF resource management 3.5 Conclusion 4 Group model building on qualitative WEF security nexus dynamics 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Methods 4.2.1 Causal loop diagram (CLD) 4.2.2 Group model building 4.3 Results & discussion 4.3.1 State of the system 4.3.2 Basic concept of WEF security nexus in Karawang Regency 4.3.3 GMB workshop script 4.3.4 WEF security sub-models 4.3.5 Karawang WEF security ( K-WEFS) model 4.4 Conclusion 5 Quantitative simulation of WEF security nexus 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Methods 5.2.1 Stock Flow Diagrams (SFDs) 5.2.2 Study area 5.2.3 Model development process 5.2.4 Model validation and policy sensitivity simulation 5.3 Results 5.3.1 K-WEFS nexus model structure 5.3.2 Model behaviour test results 5.3.3 Quantitative K-WEFS model analyses under BAU conditions 5.3.4 Sensitivity and policy scenario analysis 5.4 Discussion 5.5 Conclusion 6 Synthesis and recommendation 6.1 General conclusions 6.2 Synthesis 6.2.1 Increasing resource supply and efficiency 6.2.2 Reducing trade-offs 6.2.3 Building institutional and intergovernmental synergies 6.3 Main contributions 6.4 Recommendations 6.4.1 Recommendation for further scientific research 6.4.2 Practical recommendation Appendix References List of Acronyms List of Tables List of Figures Acknowledgements About the Author A silo mentality in managing water, energy, and food resources is still common in developing countries with decentralized systems.This study attempts to understand WEF security aspects from a local perspective. The findings are expected to assist local stakeholders in achieving WEF security targets in a more sustainable manner