Graphics gems 1-5

Graphics gems / Glassner -- Graphics gems II / Arvo -- Graphics gems III / Kirk -- Virtual reality / Wexelblat -- Radiosity and realistic image synthesis / Cohen & Wallace -- Quick reference to computer graphics terms / Stevens.; Contains digitized versions of six graphics books. Searchable by key word, table of contents, author names, and contributor names Cover......Page 1 Copyright......Page 3 About the Cover......Page 5 Contents......Page 6 Preface......Page 14 Introduction......Page 16 Mathmatical Notations......Page 18 Pseudo-Code......Page 20 Contributors......Page 25 I 2D Geometry......Page 29 1-Useful 2D Geometry......Page 30 Trig Summary......Page 39 2-Useful Trigonometry......Page 40 3-Trigonometric Functions at Select Points......Page 45 4-Triangles......Page 47 5-Generating Random Points in Triangles......Page 51 6-Fast Line-Edge Intersections on a Uniform Grid......Page 56 Anti-Aliasing Summary......Page 64 7-Area of Intersection......Page 65 8-Area of Intersection: Circle and a Thick Line......Page 67 9-Area of Intersection: Two Circles......Page 70 10-Vertical Distance from a Point to a Line......Page 74 11-A Fast 2D Point-on-Line Test......Page 76 12-Fast Circle-Rectangle Intersection Checking......Page 78 II 2D Rendering......Page 81 1-Circles of Integral Radius on Integer Lattices......Page 82 2-Nice Numbers for Graph Labels......Page 86 3-Efficient Generation of Sampling Jitter Using Look-Up Tables......Page 89 Scan Conversion Summary......Page 100 4-Fast Anti-Aliasing Polygon Scan Conversion......Page 101 5-Generic Convex Polygon Scan Conversion and Clipping......Page 109 6-Concave Polygon Scan Conversion......Page 112 7-Fast Scan Conversion of Arbitrary Polygons......Page 117 Line-Drawing Summary......Page 123 8-Digital Line Drawing......Page 124 9-Symmetric Double Step Line Algorithm......Page 126 10-Rendering Anti-Aliased Lines......Page 130 11-An Algorithm for Filling in 2D Wide Line Bevel Joints......Page 132 12-Rendering Fat Lines on a Raster Grid......Page 139 13-Two-Dimensional Clipping: A Vector-Based Approach......Page 146 14-Periodic Tilings of the Plane on a Raster Grid......Page 154 III Image Processing......Page 165 Anti-Aliasing Filters Summary......Page 166 1-Convenient Anti-Aliasing Filters that Minimize “Bumpy” Sampling......Page 167 2-Filters for Common Resampling Tasks......Page 170 3-Smoothing Enlarged Monochrome Images......Page 189 4-Median Finding on a 3x3 Grid......Page 194 5-Ordered Dithering......Page 199 6-A Fast Algorithm for General Raster Rotation......Page 202 7-Useful 1-to-1 Pixel Transforms......Page 219 8-Alpha Blending......Page 233 IV Frame Buffer Techniques......Page 235 1-Frame Buffers and Color Maps......Page 236 2-Reading a Write-Only Write Mask......Page 240 3-A Digital “Dissolve” Effect......Page 242 4-Mapping RGB Triples Onto Four Bits......Page 254 5-What are the Coordinates of a Pixel?......Page 267 6-Proper Treatment of Pixels as Integers......Page 270 7-Normal Coding......Page 278 8-Recording Anim. in Binary Order for Progressive Temporal Refinement......Page 286 9-1-To-1 Pixel Transforms Optimized Through Color-Map Manipulation......Page 291 10-A Seed Fill Algorithm......Page 296 11-Filling A Region in a Frame Buffer......Page 299 12-Precalculating Addr. for Fast Fills, Circles, and Lines......Page 306 13-Color Quantization: Octree Quantization......Page 308 V 3D Geometry......Page 315 1-Useful 3D Geometry......Page 316 2-An Efficient Bounding Sphere......Page 320 3-Intersection of Two Lines in Three-Space......Page 323 4-Intersection of Three Planes......Page 324 V Mapping Summary......Page 325 5-Digital Cartography for Computer Graphics......Page 326 6-Albers Equal-Area Conic Map Projection......Page 340 Boxes and Spheres Summary......Page 345 7-Spheres-to-Voxels Conversion......Page 346 8-A Simple Method for Box-Sphere Intersection Testing......Page 354 VI 3D Rendering......Page 361 1-3D Grid Hashing Function......Page 362 2-Backface Culling......Page 365 3-Fast Dot Products for Shading......Page 367 4-Scanline Depth Gradient of a Z-Buffered Triangle......Page 380 5-Simulating Fog and Haze......Page 383 6-Interpretation of Texture Map Indices......Page 385 7-Multidimensional Sum Tables......Page 395 VII Ray Tracing......Page 401 1-A Simple Ray Rejection Test......Page 402 VII Ray-Object Intersection Summary......Page 404 2-Intersection of a Ray with a Sphere......Page 405 3-An Efficicent Ray-Polygon Intersection......Page 407 4-Fast Ray-Polygon Intersection......Page 411 5-Fast Ray-Box Intersection......Page 412 6-Shadow Attenuation for Ray Tracing Transparent Objects......Page 414 VIII Numerical and Programming Techniques......Page 418 Root Finding Summary......Page 419 1-Cubic and Quartic Roots......Page 420 2-A Bézier Curve-based Root-Finder......Page 424 3-Using Sturm Sequences to Bracket Real Roots of Polynomial Equations......Page 432 Distance Measures Summary......Page 439 4-A High Speed, Low Precision Square Root......Page 440 5-A Fast Approximation to the Hypontenuse......Page 443 6-A Fast Approximation to 3D Euclidian Distance......Page 448 7-Full-Precision Constants......Page 450 8-Converting Between Bits and Digits......Page 451 9-Storage-Free Swapping......Page 452 10-Generating Random Integers......Page 454 11-Fast 2D-3D Rotation......Page 456 12-Bit Patterns for Encoding Angles......Page 458 13-Bit Interleaving for Quad- or Octrees......Page 459 14-A Fast HSL-to-RGB Transform......Page 464 IX Matrix Techniques......Page 466 1-Matrix Identities......Page 467 Rotation Matrix Methods Summary......Page 469 2-Transforming Axes......Page 470 3-Fast Matrix Multiplication......Page 474 4-A Virtual Trackball......Page 476 5-Matrix Orthogonalization......Page 478 6-Rotation Tools......Page 479 7-Matrix Inversion......Page 484 8-Matrices and Transformations......Page 486 9-Efficient Post-Concatention of Transformation Matrices......Page 490 X Modelling and Transformations......Page 498 1-Transformation Identities......Page 499 2-Fixed-Point Trigonometry with Cordic Iterations......Page 508 3-Using Quaternions for Coding 3D Transformations......Page 512 4-3D Viewing and Rotation Using Orthonormal Bases......Page 530 5-The Use of Coordinate Frames in Computer Graphics......Page 536 6-Forms, Vectors, and Transforms......Page 547 7-Properties of Surface-Normal Transformations......Page 553 8-Transforming Axis-Aligned Bounding Boxes......Page 562 Constructing Shapes Summary......Page 565 9-Defining Surfaces from Sampled Data......Page 566 10-Defining Surfaces from Contour Data......Page 572 11-Computing Surface Normals for 3D Models......Page 576 12-Calculation of Reference Frames Along a Space Curve......Page 581 XI Curves and Surfaces......Page 588 1-Planar Cubic Curves......Page 589 2-Explicit Cubic Spline Interpolation Formulas......Page 593 3-Fast Spline Drawing......Page 599 4-Some Properties of Bézier Curves......Page 601 5-Tutorial on Forward Differencing......Page 608 6-Integration of Bernstein Basis Functions......Page 618 7-Solving the Nearest-Point-on-Curve Problem......Page 621 8-An Algorithm for Automatically Fitting Digitized Curves......Page 626 References......Page 641 A......Page 655 B-C......Page 656 C-D......Page 657 D-G......Page 658 G-L......Page 659 L-O......Page 660 O-P......Page 661 P-R......Page 662 R-S......Page 663 S-T......Page 664 T-V......Page 665 W-Z......Page 666 Graphics Gems 1 Cover 1 Copyright 3 About the Cover 5 Contents 6 Preface 14 Introduction 16 Mathmatical Notations 18 Pseudo-Code 20 Contributors 25 I 2D Geometry 29 1-Useful 2D Geometry 30 Trig Summary 39 2-Useful Trigonometry 40 3-Trigonometric Functions at Select Points 45 4-Triangles 47 5-Generating Random Points in Triangles 51 6-Fast Line-Edge Intersections on a Uniform Grid 56 Anti-Aliasing Summary 64 7-Area of Intersection 65 8-Area of Intersection: Circle and a Thick Line 67 9-Area of Intersection: Two Circles 70 10-Vertical Distance from a Point to a Line 74 11-A Fast 2D Point-on-Line Test 76 12-Fast Circle-Rectangle Intersection Checking 78 II 2D Rendering 81 1-Circles of Integral Radius on Integer Lattices 82 2-Nice Numbers for Graph Labels 86 3-Efficient Generation of Sampling Jitter Using Look-Up Tables 89 Scan Conversion Summary 100 4-Fast Anti-Aliasing Polygon Scan Conversion 101 5-Generic Convex Polygon Scan Conversion and Clipping 109 6-Concave Polygon Scan Conversion 112 7-Fast Scan Conversion of Arbitrary Polygons 117 Line-Drawing Summary 123 8-Digital Line Drawing 124 9-Symmetric Double Step Line Algorithm 126 10-Rendering Anti-Aliased Lines 130 11-An Algorithm for Filling in 2D Wide Line Bevel Joints 132 12-Rendering Fat Lines on a Raster Grid 139 13-Two-Dimensional Clipping: A Vector-Based Approach 146 14-Periodic Tilings of the Plane on a Raster Grid 154 III Image Processing 165 Anti-Aliasing Filters Summary 166 1-Convenient Anti-Aliasing Filters that Minimize “Bumpy” Sampling 167 2-Filters for Common Resampling Tasks 170 3-Smoothing Enlarged Monochrome Images 189 4-Median Finding on a 3x3 Grid 194 5-Ordered Dithering 199 6-A Fast Algorithm for General Raster Rotation 202 7-Useful 1-to-1 Pixel Transforms 219 8-Alpha Blending 233 IV Frame Buffer Techniques 235 1-Frame Buffers and Color Maps 236 2-Reading a Write-Only Write Mask 240 3-A Digital “Dissolve” Effect 242 4-Mapping RGB Triples Onto Four Bits 254 5-What are the Coordinates of a Pixel? 267 6-Proper Treatment of Pixels as Integers 270 7-Normal Coding 278 8-Recording Anim. in Binary Order for Progressive Temporal Refinement 286 9-1-To-1 Pixel Transforms Optimized Through Color-Map Manipulation 291 10-A Seed Fill Algorithm 296 11-Filling A Region in a Frame Buffer 299 12-Precalculating Addr. for Fast Fills, Circles, and Lines 306 13-Color Quantization: Octree Quantization 308 V 3D Geometry 315 1-Useful 3D Geometry 316 2-An Efficient Bounding Sphere 320 3-Intersection of Two Lines in Three-Space 323 4-Intersection of Three Planes 324 V Mapping Summary 325 5-Digital Cartography for Computer Graphics 326 6-Albers Equal-Area Conic Map Projection 340 Boxes and Spheres Summary 345 7-Spheres-to-Voxels Conversion 346 8-A Simple Method for Box-Sphere Intersection Testing 354 VI 3D Rendering 361 1-3D Grid Hashing Function 362 2-Backface Culling 365 3-Fast Dot Products for Shading 367 4-Scanline Depth Gradient of a Z-Buffered Triangle 380 5-Simulating Fog and Haze 383 6-Interpretation of Texture Map Indices 385 7-Multidimensional Sum Tables 395 VII Ray Tracing 401 1-A Simple Ray Rejection Test 402 VII Ray-Object Intersection Summary 404 2-Intersection of a Ray with a Sphere 405 3-An Efficicent Ray-Polygon Intersection 407 4-Fast Ray-Polygon Intersection 411 5-Fast Ray-Box Intersection 412 6-Shadow Attenuation for Ray Tracing Transparent Objects 414 VIII Numerical and Programming Techniques 418 Root Finding Summary 419 1-Cubic and Quartic Roots 420 2-A Bézier Curve-based Root-Finder 424 3-Using Sturm Sequences to Bracket Real Roots of Polynomial Equations 432 Distance Measures Summary 439 4-A High Speed, Low Precision Square Root 440 5-A Fast Approximation to the Hypontenuse 443 6-A Fast Approximation to 3D Euclidian Distance 448 7-Full-Precision Constants 450 8-Converting Between Bits and Digits 451 9-Storage-Free Swapping 452 10-Generating Random Integers 454 11-Fast 2D-3D Rotation 456 12-Bit Patterns for Encoding Angles 458 13-Bit Interleaving for Quad- or Octrees 459 14-A Fast HSL-to-RGB Transform 464 IX Matrix Techniques 466 1-Matrix Identities 467 Rotation Matrix Methods Summary 469 2-Transforming Axes 470 3-Fast Matrix Multiplication 474 4-A Virtual Trackball 476 5-Matrix Orthogonalization 478 6-Rotation Tools 479 7-Matrix Inversion 484 8-Matrices and Transformations 486 9-Efficient Post-Concatention of Transformation Matrices 490 X Modelling and Transformations 498 1-Transformation Identities 499 2-Fixed-Point Trigonometry with Cordic Iterations 508 3-Using Quaternions for Coding 3D Transformations 512 4-3D Viewing and Rotation Using Orthonormal Bases 530 5-The Use of Coordinate Frames in Computer Graphics 536 6-Forms, Vectors, and Transforms 547 7-Properties of Surface-Normal Transformations 553 8-Transforming Axis-Aligned Bounding Boxes 562 Constructing Shapes Summary 565 9-Defining Surfaces from Sampled Data 566 10-Defining Surfaces from Contour Data 572 11-Computing Surface Normals for 3D Models 576 12-Calculation of Reference Frames Along a Space Curve 581 XI Curves and Surfaces 588 1-Planar Cubic Curves 589 2-Explicit Cubic Spline Interpolation Formulas 593 3-Fast Spline Drawing 599 4-Some Properties of Bézier Curves 601 5-Tutorial on Forward Differencing 608 6-Integration of Bernstein Basis Functions 618 7-Solving the Nearest-Point-on-Curve Problem 621 8-An Algorithm for Automatically Fitting Digitized Curves 626 References 641 Index 655 A 655 B-C 656 C-D 657 D-G 658 G-L 659 L-O 660 O-P 661 P-R 662 R-S 663 S-T 664 T-V 665 W-Z 666 Computer,Graphics,Mathematics Computer Graphics "The GRAPHICS GEMS Series" was started in 1990 by Andrew Glassner. The vision and purpose of the Series was - and still is - to provide tips, techniques, and algorithms for graphics programmers. All of the gems are written by programmers who work in the field and are motivated by a common desire to share interesting ideas and tools with their colleagues. Each volume provides a new set of innovative solutions to a variety of programming problems The Library is a useful reference source for anyone involved with graphics programming, valuable for professional programmers, students and researchers. Six popular graphics books are linked together for quick easy searches. All of the C/C++ code from the books is included for easy implementation. Topics can be searched by keyword, book table of contents, author names, and contributors' names 2d Geometry -- 2d Rendering -- Image Processing -- Frame Buffer Techniques -- 3d Geometry -- 3d Rendering -- Ray Tracing -- Numerical And Programming Techniques -- Matrix Techniques -- Modeling And Transformations -- Curves And Surfaces. Edited By Andrew S. Glassner. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 808-821). This CD-ROM links six of the most popular graphics books for easy Graphics Gems, Glasssner; Graphics Gems II, Arvo; Graphics Gems III, Kirk; Radiosity and Realistic Image Snthesis, Cohen/Wallace; Virtual Reality, Wexelblat, Quick Reference to Computer Graphics Terms, Stevens Includes electronic versions of the following books: Glassner/Graphic gems - Arvo/Graphic gems II - Kirk/Graphic gems III - Wexelblat/Virtual reality - Cohen & Wallace/Radiosity and realistic image synthesis - Stevens/Quick reference to computer graphicsterms.