GPS Trends in Precise Terrestrial, Airborne, and Spaceborne Applications : Symposium No. 115 Boulder, CO, USA, July 3–4, 1995

These proceedings include most of the papers presented at the lAG Sympo­ sium GPS Trends in Precise Terrestrial, Airborne, and Spacebome Appli­ cations held in July 1995 during the XXI-th IUGG General Assembly in Boulder, Colorado. The symposium was jointly organized by the lAG and the International Union of Surveys and Mapping (IUSM). The symposium was divided into four sessions, namely (1) The International GPS Service for Geodynamics (IGS) and other Permanent Networks, (2) Spaceborne Applications of the GPS, (3) Kinematic Applications of the GPS, and (4) The GPS and its Relations to Geophysics. The main purpose was to give an overview of the state of the art in 1995 of the applications of the GPS to geodynamics, geodesy, surveying, and navi­ gation. The call for papers generated a flood of originally more than 70 abstracts; quite a few could be redirected to other symposia, but still 56 papers found their way into these proceedings. We thus conclude that the volume gives a rather complete overview of GPS Trends in Precise Terrestrial, Airborne, and Spacebome Applications in the year 1995. Front Matter....Pages I-XIII Front Matter....Pages 1-1 The International GPS Service for Geodynamics (IGS): The Story....Pages 3-13 IGS Combination of Precise GPS Satellite Ephemerides and Clocks....Pages 14-23 Global GPS Data Flow from Station to User within the IGS....Pages 24-29 Global Plate Kinematics Estimated by GPS Data of the IGS Core Network....Pages 30-34 The Impact of IGS on the Analysyis of Regional GPS-Networks....Pages 35-41 Variation in EOP and Station Coordinate Solutions from the Canadian Active Control System (CACS)....Pages 42-46 Common Experiment of the Analysis Centre CODE and the Institute of Geodesy and Geodetic Astronomy of Warsaw University of Technology (IGGA WUT) on the Combination of Regional and Global Solutions....Pages 47-51 Using GPS to Determine Earth Orientation....Pages 52-58 The Permanent GPS Station at the University of Padova....Pages 59-64 Analysis of Continuous GPS Observations for Geodynamics Purposes....Pages 65-69 The Western Canada Deformation Array: An Update on GPS Solutions and Error Analysis....Pages 70-74 The DGPS Service for the FRG....Pages 75-84 Status of the Brazilian Network for Continuous Monitoring of GPS (RBMC)....Pages 85-88 Weekly-ARC Approach to Improve the Resolution of the Long-Term Crustal Movements in Japanese GPS Fixed-Point Network....Pages 89-93 Unification of Regional Vertical Datums Using GPS....Pages 94-98 GPS Derived Displacements in the Azores Triple Junction Region....Pages 99-104 Application of GPS Kinematic Method for Detection of Crustal Movements with High Temporal Resolution....Pages 105-109 Front Matter....Pages 111-111 Spaceborne GPS for Earth Science....Pages 113-122 TOPEX/Poseidon Precision Orbit Determination With SLR and GPS Anti-Spoofing Data....Pages 123-127 TOPEX/Poseidon Precision Orbit Determination Using Combined GPS, SLR and DORIS....Pages 128-132 Front Matter....Pages 111-111 Observations of TOPEX/POSEIDON Orbit Errors Due to Gravitational and Tidal Modeling Errors Using the Global Positioning System....Pages 133-138 Preliminary Results from the GPS/MET Atmospheric Remote Sensing Experiment....Pages 139-143 Initial Results of GPS-LEO Occultation Measurements of Earth’s Atmosphere Obtained with the GPS-MET Experiment....Pages 144-153 The Laser Retroreflector Experiment on GPS-35 and 36....Pages 154-158 Front Matter....Pages 159-159 Kinematic GPS Trends — Equipment, Methodologies and Applications....Pages 161-169 Kinematic and Rapid Static (KARS) GPS Positioning: Techniques and Recent Experiences....Pages 170-174 Developments in Airborne ‘High Precision’ Digital Photo Flight Navigation in ‘Realtime’....Pages 175-179 High Precision Deformation Monitoring Using Differential GPS....Pages 180-184 Multi-Sensor Arrays for Mapping from Moving Vehicles....Pages 185-190 Testing of Epoch-by-Epoch Attitude Determination and Ambiguity Resolution in Airborne Mode....Pages 191-196 Experiences in DGPS/DGLONASS Combination....Pages 197-201 Precise DGPS Positioning in Marine and Airborne Applications....Pages 202-211 Developments in Real-Time Precise DGPS Applications: Concepts and Status....Pages 212-216 A Kinematic GPS Survey at the Northern Part of Kagoshima Bay, Japan....Pages 217-221 GPS Kinematic Real-Time Applications in Rivers and Train....Pages 222-225 Testing High-Accuracy, Long-Range Carrier Phase DGPS in Australasia....Pages 226-230 Front Matter....Pages 231-231 Using the Global Positioning System to Study the Atmosphere of the Earth: Overview and Prospects....Pages 233-242 On Atmospheric Effects on GPS Surveying....Pages 243-247 About the Use of GPS Measurements for Ionospheric Studies....Pages 248-252 Assessment of Two Methods to Provide Ionospheric Range Error Corrections for Single-Frequency GPS Users....Pages 253-257 Front Matter....Pages 231-231 Deriving Ionospheric TEC from GPS Observations....Pages 258-262 Mitigation of Tropospheric Effects in Local and Regional GPS Networks....Pages 263-267 GPS as a Location Tool for Electromagnetic Surveys....Pages 268-271 Front Matter....Pages 273-273 Size and Shape of L 1 /L 2 Ambiguity Search Space....Pages 275-279 Integer Ambiguity Estimation with the Lambda Method....Pages 280-284 The Impact of Ambiguity Resolution on GPS Orbit Determination and on Global Geodynamics Studies....Pages 285-289 On-the-Fly Ambiguity Resolution for Long Range GPS Kinematic Positioning....Pages 290-294 GPS Phases: Single Epoch Ambiguity and Slip Resolution....Pages 295-299 Direct Ambiguity Resolution Using Integer Nonlinear Programming Methods....Pages 300-304 Alternative Forms of GPS Adjustment Models with Kalman Gain Matrices....Pages 305-309 Status of the GEOSAT software after ten years of development and testing....Pages 310-314 Analysis of Data from the VLBI-GPS Collocation Experiment CONT94....Pages 315-319 A New Software for GPS Data Processing....Pages 320-324 Low-cost GPS Time Synchronization: The “Totally Accurate Clock”....Pages 325-327 Characterizations of GPS User Antennas: Reanalysis and New Results....Pages 328-332 Azimuth- and Elevation-Dependent Phase Center Corrections for Geodetic GPS Antennas Estimated from GPS Calibration Campaigns....Pages 333-338 This volume documents the IAG Symposium "GPS Trends in Precise Terrestrial, Airborne, and Spaceborne Applications" held in July 1995 during the 21st IUGG General Assembly in Boulder, Colorado. An overview of implementation of the International GPS Service for Geodynamics (IGS) is followed by a documentation of GPS developments in the fields of spaceborne and kinematic applications of the GPS. Another part of the proceedings is devoted to a new branch of GPS research, theory and methodology conclude the volume. These proceedings not only reflect the state of the art in science- and engineering-oriented GPS research in the year 1995, but also contain many indications for future developments