حکمرانی بر تنوع زیستی جهانی: تکامل و اجرای کنوانسیون تنوع زیستی (حکمرانی محیط زیست جهانی)

Predictions about the success of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) are pessimistic. It has now become commonplace to bemoan the scope, ambition, and deeply political nature of a convention that addresses issues ranging from ecosystems protection to the exploitation of genetic resources, from conservation to justice, and from commerce to scientific knowledge. Ten years after its adoption, how can we assess the difference that the CBD has made? Is it in danger of collapsing under its own weight or is it building the foundations of new patterns of relations between societies and nature? What achievements can we record and what challenges does it face? In this book, which is unique in its scope, diversity and the wealth of information it contains, contributors from a variety of academic disciplines tackle an issue of enduring importance to the protection of biodiversity and enhance our understanding of humanity's capacity to reconcile its various aspirations and halt the destructive path upon which it is set. Forging The Trade-environment-social Cohesion Link: Global Challenges, North American Experiences / John J. Kirton And Virginia W. Maclaren -- Linking Trade, Environment, And Social Values: The Globaland Nafta Experiences -- From Trade Liberalisation To Sustainable Development: The Challenges Of Integrated Global Governance / Pierre Marc Johnson The New Interface Agenda Among Trade, Environment, And Social Cohesion / William A. Dymond -- Embedded Ecologism And Institutional Inequality: Linking Trade, Environment, And Social Cohesion In The G8 / John J. Kirton -- Winning Together: The Nafta Trade-environment Record / John J. Kirton -- Investor Protection: Evaluating The Nafta Chapter 11 Model -- The Masked Ball Of Nafta Chapter 11: Foreign Investors, Local Environmentalists, Government Officials, And Disguised Motives / Sanford E. Gaines -- Environmental Expropriation Under Nafta Chapter 11: The Phantom Menace / Julie Soloway --^ Investment And The Environment: Multilateral And North American Perspectives / Konrad Von Moltke -- Environmental Protection: Evaluating The Nafta Commission For Environmental Cooperation Model -- Stormy Weather: The Recent History Of The Citizen Submission Process Of The North American Agreement On Environmental Cooperation / Christopher Tollefson -- Public Participation Within Nafta's Environmental Agreement: The Mexican Experience / Gustavo Alanis Ortega -- Article 14-15 Of The North American Agreement On Environmental Cooperation: Intent Of The Founders / Serena Wilson -- Worker Protection: Evaluating The Nafta Commission For Labor Cooperation Model -- Civil Society And The North American Agreement On Labor Cooperation / Kevin Banks -- Giving Teeth To Nafta's Labour Side Agreement / Jonathan Graubart -- Assessing Environmental Effects: Local, North American, And Global Perspectives -- Understanding The Environmental Effects Of Trade: Some Lessons From Nafta / Scott Vaughan --^ Sustainability Assessments Of Trade Agreements: Global Approaches / Sarah Richardson -- Concern For The Environmental Effects Of Trade In Canadian Communities: Evidence From Local Indicator Reports / Virginia W. Maclaren -- Using Indicators To Engage The Community In Sustainability Debates / Noel Keough -- Development And Usability Of A System For Environment And Health Indicators: A Case Study / David L. Buckeridge And Carl G. Amrhein -- Concluding Reflections -- Fix It Or Nix It? Will The Nafta Model Survive? / Sylvia Ostry -- Conclusions -- Virginia W. Maclaren And John J. Kirton. Edited By John J. Kirton, Virginia W. Maclaren. Includes Bibliographical References (p. [333]-362) And Index. Introduction: The Emergence Of Biodiversity Governance / Philippe G. Le Prestre -- 1. Story Of The Biodiversity Convention: From Negotiation To Implementation / Desiree M. Mcgraw -- 2. Cartagena Protocol On Biosafety / Francois Pythoud, Urs P. Thomas -- 3. Studying The Effectiveness Of The Cbd / Phillippe G. Le. Prestre -- 5. Clearing-house Mechanism: An Effective Tool For Implementing The Convention On Biological Diversity / Genevieve Reed -- 6. Emergence And Implementation Of The Advance Informed Agreement Procedure / Amanda Wolf -- 7. Fair And Equitable Sharing Of Benefits From The Exploitation Of Genetic Resources: A Difficult Transition From Principles To Reality / Francois Blais -- 8. Role Of Indigenous Peoples In Conservation Actions: A Case Study Of Cultural Differences And Conservation Priorities / Catherine Potvin, Jean-pierre Reveret, Genevieve Patenaude, Jane Hutton -- 9. Cbd, The Wto, And The Fao: The Emergence Of Phytogenetic Governance / Urs P. Thomas -- 10. Science And Politic Of Global Biodiversity Protection / Louis Guay. 11. Economics And Biodiversity Management / Jean-pierre Reveret, Alain Webster -- 12. Development Of Canadian Policy On And The Protection Of Marine Diversity / Paule Halley -- 13. Devoted Friends: The Implementation Of The Convention On Biological Diversity In Madagascar / Marc Hufty, Frank Muttenzer -- 14. Conclusion: The Long Road To A New Order / Philippe G. Le Prestre. Edited By Philippe G. Le Prestre. Includes Bibliographical References (p. [371]-404) And Index. This engaging work examines the interplay between US and EU agricultural trade policy reforms, the linkage between domestic and trade policy reform and addresses whether reform is likely to continue during the first decade of the 21st Century. Features include:

- Comprehensive overview of the interplay between domestic and international agricultural policy reform

- Detailed analysis of the paradigm shift in policy

- Vigorous discussion of the potential impact of emerging issues such as GMOs, intellectual property rights, animal and plant health, and human safety

The book offers a rich empirical account of politics and diplomacy over the last decade, providing an important background for explaining forthcoming agricultural policy debates in the US, the EU and agricultural policy negotiations in the WTO.

Author Biography: H. Wayne Moyer, Rosenfield Professor and Professor of Political Science, Grinnell College, Iowa, USA and Tim Josling, Professor and Senior Fellow, Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, California, USA

Foreword / Neil Summerton -- Considerations Of Equity In International Environmental Politics -- Introduction: Environment, Equity, And U.s. Foreign Policy -- Defining International Environmental Equity -- The Earth Summit And International Equity -- A History Of International Equity In Global Environmental Politics -- International Environmental Equity And U.s. Foreign Policy -- America's Response To Evolving Themes Of International Environmental Equity -- International Environmental Equity And U.s. National Interests -- International Environmental Equity And American Politics -- International Environmental Equity And Altruistic Principles -- Equity, U.s. Foreign Policy, And The Future Of Global Environmental Politics -- International Equity And Global Environmental Change: Implications For American Foreign Policy And Humankind -- Conclusion: International Environmental Equity In U.s. Foreign Policy. Paul G. Harris. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. International environmental equity is an issue that has rapidly gained global significance. Defining this concept as a fair and just distribution of the benefits, burdens, and decision-making authority associated with international environmental relations, this text shows how it has started to permeate global environmental politics and, importantly, U.S. foreign policy. Discussing the implications for the world of embracing - or failing to embrace - international equity, as a core objective of global environmental policy is an essential exercise, which this book undertakes with diligence and vigour. Written in an accessible style, this is essential reading for students of international relations and world politics, global environmental policy and American foreign policy. An analysis of domestic policy reform in the US and the EU, agricultural trade policy reform in the GATT/WTO, the interplay between US and EU reforms and the linkage between domestic policy reform and trade policy reform. The analytical framework employed builds on one employed in the authors' previous research. This framework considers the importance for policy outcomes of such factors as past policies, economic trends and shocks, political developments and the policy environment, along with internal pressures This title was first published in 2001. Discussing the implications for the world of embracing - or failing to embrace - international environmental equity, as a core global objective is an essential exercise, which this book undertakes with diligence and vigour. Written in an accessible style, this is essential reading for students of international relations and world politics, global environmental policy and environmental policy and American foreign policy. Focusing on the central issues of the contemporary trade-environment-social cohesion debate, this book analyzes the social and environmental impacts of existing trade liberalization through the World Trade Organization (WTO), North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and other key regimes