Goldman-Cecil Medicine, 2-Volume Set (Cecil Textbook of Medicine)

To be the best doctor you can be, you need the best information. For more than 90 years, what is now called Goldman-Cecil Medicine has been the authoritative source for internal medicine and the care of adult patients. Every chapter is written by acclaimed experts who, with the oversight of our editors, provide definitive, unbiased advice on the diagnosis and treatment of thousands of common and uncommon conditions, always guided by an understanding of the epidemiology and pathobiology, as well as the latest medical literature. But Goldman-Cecil Medicine is not just a textbook. Throughout the lifetime of each edition, periodic updates continually include the newest information from a wide range of journals. Furthermore, Goldman-Cecil Medicine is available for all users of ClinicalKey, Elsevier's full library of subspecialty textbooks that can be accessed by readers who may want even more in-depth information. More than 400 chapters authored by a veritable "Who's Who" of modern medicine A practical, templated organization with an emphasis on evidence-based references Thousands of algorithms, figures, and tables that make its information readily accessible Supplementary videos, heart sounds, and key references Available in print and on a variety of electronic devices Supplemented by over 1500 board-style questions and answers to help you prepare for certification and recertification examinations Continuously updated by Lee Goldman, MD Enhanced eBook version included with purchase , which allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices Front Matter Copyright Page Associate Editors Preface Contributors Video Contents SECTION 1: SOCIAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES IN MEDICINE 1 Approach to Medicine, the Patient, and the Medical Profession 2 Bioethics in the Practice of Medicine 3 Palliative Care 4 Disparities in Health and Health Care 5 Global Health SECTION 2: PRINCIPLES OF EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT 6 Approach to the Patient 7 Approach to the Patient with Abnormal Vital Signs 8 Statistical Interpretation of Data and Using Data for Clinical Decisions 9 Measuring Health and Health Care 10 Quality, Safety, and Value 11 Comprehensive Chronic Disease Management SECTION 3: PREVENTIVE AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 12 The Periodic Health Examination 13 Physical Activity 14 Adolescent Medicine 15 Immunization 16 Principles of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 17 Radiation Injury 18 Bioterrorism 19 Chronic Poisoning SECTION 4: AGING AND GERIATRIC MEDICINE 20 Epidemiology of Aging 21 Geriatric Assessment 22 Common Clinical Sequelae of Aging 23 Urinary Incontinence 24 Neuropsychiatric Aspects of Aging 25 Delirium in the Older Patient SECTION 5: CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 26 Principles of Drug Therapy 27 Pain 28 Biology of Addiction 29 Nicotine and Tobacco 30 Alcohol Use Disorders 31 Drugs of Abuse 32 Immunomodulatory Drugs 33 Biologic Agents and Signaling Inhibitors 34 Complementary, Alternative, and Integrative Medicine SECTION 6: GENETICS 35 Principles of Genetics 36 Clinical Genomics—Genome Structure and Variation 37 Applications of Molecular Technologies to Clinical Medicine 38 Regenerative Medicine, Cell, and Gene Therapies SECTION 7: PRINCIPLES OF IMMUNOLOGY AND INFLAMMATION 39 The Innate Immune System 40 The Adaptive Immune System 41 Mechanisms of Immune-Mediated Tissue Injury 42 Mechanisms of Inflammation and Tissue Repair 43 Transplantation Immunology 44 Complement System in Disease SECTION 8: CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE 45 Approach to the Patient with Possible Cardiovascular Disease 46 Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease 47 Cardiac and Circulatory Function 48 Electrocardiography 49 Echocardiography 50 Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging 51 Catheterization and Angiography 52 Heart Failure 53 Heart Failure 54 Diseases of the Myocardium and Endocardium 55 Principles of Electrophysiology 56 Approach to the Patient with Suspected Arrhythmia 57 Approach to Cardiac Arrest and Life-Threatening Arrhythmias 58 Supraventricular Cardiac Arrhythmias 59 Ventricular Arrhythmias 60 Electrophysiologic Interventional Procedures and Surgery 61 Congenital Heart Disease in Adults 62 Angina Pectoris and Stable Ischemic Heart Disease 63 Acute Coronary Syndrome 64 ST Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction and Complications of Myocardial Infarction 65 Interventional and Surgical Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease 66 Valvular Heart Disease 67 Infective Endocarditis 68 Pericardial Diseases 69 Diseases of the Aorta SECTION 9: VASCULAR MEDICINE 70 Arterial Hypertension 71 Atherosclerotic Peripheral Arterial Disease 72 Other Peripheral Arterial Diseases 73 Thrombotic Disorders 74 Venous Thrombosis and Embolism 75 Pulmonary Hypertension 76 Antithrombotic and Antiplatelet Therapy SECTION 10: RESPIRATORY DISEASES 77 Approach to the Patient with Respiratory Disease 78 Imaging in Pulmonary Disease 79 Respiratory Testing and Function 80 Disorders of Ventilatory Control 81 Asthma 82 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 83 Cystic Fibrosis 84 Bronchiectasis, Atelectasis, Cysts, and Localized Lung Disorders 85 Alveolar Filling Disorders 86 Interstitial Lung Disease 87 Occupational Lung Disease 88 Physical and Chemical Injuries of the Lung 89 Sarcoidosis 90 Acute Bronchitis and Tracheitis 91 Overview of Pneumonia 92 Diseases of the Diaphragm, Chest Wall, Pleura, and Mediastinum 93 Interventional and Surgical Approaches to Lung Disease SECTION 11: CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE 94 Approach to the Patient in a Critical Care Setting 95 Respiratory Monitoring in Critical Care 96 Acute Respiratory Failure 97 Mechanical Ventilation 98 Approach to the Patient with Shock 99 Cardiogenic Shock 100 Shock Syndromes Related to Sepsis 101 Disorders Due to Heat and Cold 102 Acute Poisoning 103 Medical Aspects of Trauma and Burns 104 Envenomation, Bites, and Stings 105 Rhabdomyolysis SECTION 12: RENAL AND GENITOURINARY DISEASES 106 Approach to the Patient with Renal Disease 107 Structure and Function of the Kidneys 108 Disorders of Sodium and Water 109 Potassium Disorders 110 Acid-Base Disorders 111 Disorders of Magnesium and Phosphorus 112 Acute Kidney Injury 113 Glomerular Disorders and Nephrotic Syndromes 114 Tubulointerstitial Diseases 115 Diabetes and the Kidney 116 Vascular Disorders of the Kidney 117 Nephrolithiasis 118 Cystic Kidney Diseases 119 Hereditary Nephropathies and Developmental Abnormalities of the Urinary Tract 120 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostatitis 121 Chronic Kidney Disease 122 Treatment of Irreversible Renal Failure SECTION 13: GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES 123 Approach to the Patient with Gastrointestinal Disease 124 Diagnostic Imaging Procedures in Gastroenterology 125 Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 126 Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage 127 Disorders of Gastrointestinal Motility 128 Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders 129 Diseases of the Esophagus 130 Acid Peptic Disease 131 Approach to the Patient with Diarrhea and Malabsorption 132 Inflammatory Bowel Disease 133 Inflammatory and Anatomic Diseases of the Intestine, Peritoneum, Mesentery, and Omentum 134 Vascular Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract 135 Pancreatitis 136 Diseases of the Rectum and Anus SECTION 14: DISEASES OF THE LIVER, GALLBLADDER, AND BILE DUCTS 137 Approach to the Patient with Liver Disease 138 Approach to the Patient with Jaundice or Abnormal Liver Tests 139 Acute Viral Hepatitis 140 Chronic Viral and Autoimmune Hepatitis 141 Toxin- and Drug-Induced Liver Disease 142 Bacterial, Parasitic, Fungal, and Granulomatous Liver Diseases 143 Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis 144 Cirrhosis and Its Sequelae 145 Hepatic Failure and Liver Transplantation 146 Diseases of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts SECTION 15: HEMATOLOGIC DISEASES 147 Hematopoiesis and Hematopoietic Growth Factors 148 The Peripheral Blood Smear 149 Approach to the Anemias 150 Microcytic and Hypochromic Anemias 151 Autoimmune and Intravascular Hemolytic Anemias 152 Hemolytic Anemias 153 The Thalassemias 154 Sickle Cell Disease and Other Hemoglobinopathies 155 Megaloblastic Anemias 156 Aplastic Anemia and Related Bone Marrow Failure States 157 Polycythemia Vera, Essential Thrombocythemia, and Primary Myelofibrosis 158 Leukocytosis and Leukopenia 159 Approach to the Patient with Lymphadenopathy and Splenomegaly 160 Histiocytoses 161 Eosinophilic Syndromes 162 Approach to the Patient with Bleeding and Thrombosis 163 Thrombocytopenia 164 Von Willebrand Disease and Hemorrhagic Abnormalities of Platelet and Vascular Function 165 Hemorrhagic Disorders 166 Hemorrhagic Disorders 167 Transfusion Medicine 168 Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation SECTION 16: ONCOLOGY 169 Approach to the Patient with Cancer 170 Epidemiology of Cancer 171 Cancer Biology and Genetics 172 Myelodysplastic Syndromes 173 The Acute Leukemias 174 Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia 175 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia 176 Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas 177 Hodgkin Lymphoma 178 Plasma Cell Disorders 179 Amyloidosis 180 Tumors of the Central Nervous System 181 Head and Neck Cancer 182 Lung Cancer and Other Pulmonary Neoplasms 183 Neoplasms of the Esophagus and Stomach 184 Neoplasms of the Small and Large Intestine 185 Pancreatic Cancer 186 Liver and Biliary Tract Cancers 187 Tumors of the Kidney, Bladder, Ureters, and Renal Pelvis 188 Breast Cancer and Benign Breast Disorders 189 Gynecologic Cancers 190 Testicular Cancer 191 Prostate Cancer 192 Malignant Tumors of Bone, Sarcomas, and Other Soft Tissue Neoplasms 193 Melanoma and Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers SECTION 17: METABOLIC DISEASES 194 Approach to Inborn Errors of Metabolism 195 Disorders of Lipid Metabolism 196 Glycogen Storage Diseases 197 Lysosomal Storage Diseases 198 Homocystinuria and Hyperhomocysteinemia 199 The Porphyrias 200 Wilson Disease 201 Iron Overload (Hemochromatosis) SECTION 18: NUTRITIONAL DISEASES 202 Nutrition’s Interface with Health and Disease 203 Protein-Energy Malnutrition 204 Malnutrition 205 Vitamins, Trace Minerals, and Other Micronutrients 206 Eating Disorders 207 Obesity SECTION 19: ENDOCRINE DISEASES 208 Approach to the Patient with Endocrine Disease 209 Principles of Endocrinology 210 Neuroendocrinology and the Neuroendocrine System 211 Anterior Pituitary 212 Posterior Pituitary 213 Thyroid 214 Adrenal Cortex 215 Adrenal Medulla, Catecholamines, and Pheochromocytoma 216 Diabetes Mellitus 217 Hypoglycemia and Pancreatic Islet Cell Disorders 218 Polyglandular Disorders 219 Neuroendocrine Tumors 220 Sexual Development and Identity 221 The Testis and Male Hypogonadism, Infertility, and Sexual Dysfunction 222 Ovaries and Pubertal Development 223 Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility SECTION 20: WOMEN'S HEALTH 224 Approach to Women’s Health 225 Contraception 226 Common Medical Problems in Pregnancy 227 Menopause 228 Intimate Partner Violence SECTION 21: DISEASES OF BONE AND MINERAL METABOLISM 229 Approach to the Patient with Metabolic Bone Disease 230 Osteoporosis 231 Osteomalacia and Rickets 232 The Parathyroid Glands, Hypercalcemia, and Hypocalcemia 233 Paget Disease of Bone 234 Osteonecrosis, Osteosclerosis/Hyperostosis, and Other Disorders of Bone SECTION 22: DISEASES OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 235 Approach to the Patient with Allergic or Immunologic Disease 236 Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases 237 Urticaria and Angioedema 238 Systemic Anaphylaxis, Food Allergy, and Insect Sting Allergy 239 Drug Allergy 240 Mastocytosis SECTION 23: RHEUMATIC DISEASES 241 Approach to the Patient with Rheumatic Disease 242 Laboratory Testing in the Rheumatic Diseases 243 Imaging Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases 244 Inherited Diseases of Connective Tissue 245 The Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases 246 Osteoarthritis 247 Bursitis, Tendinitis, and Other Periarticular Disorders and Sports Medicine 248 Rheumatoid Arthritis 249 The Spondyloarthropathies 250 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 251 Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma) 252 Sjögren Syndrome 253 Inflammatory Myopathies 254 The Systemic Vasculitides 255 Giant Cell Arteritis and Polymyalgia Rheumatica 256 Infections of Bursae, Joints, and Bones 257 Crystal Deposition Diseases 258 Fibromyalgia, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, and Myofascial Pain 259 Systemic Diseases in Which Arthritis Is a Feature 260 Surgical Treatment of Joint Diseases SECTION 24: INFECTIOUS DISEASES 261 Introduction to Microbial Disease 262 The Human Microbiome 263 Principles of Anti-Infective Therapy 264 Approach to Fever or Suspected Infection in the Normal Host 265 Approach to Fever and Suspected Infection in the Immunocompromised Host 266 Prevention and Control of Health Care–Associated Infections 267 Approach to the Patient with Suspected Enteric Infection 268 Approach to the Patient with Urinary Tract Infection 269 Approach to the Patient with a Sexually Transmitted Infection 270 Approach to the Patient Before and After Travel BACTERIA 271 Antibacterial Chemotherapy 272 Staphylococcal Infections 273 Streptococcus Pneumoniae Infections 274 Nonpneumococcal Streptococcal Infections and Rheumatic Fever 275 Enterococcal Infections 276 Diphtheria and Other Corynebacterium Infections 277 Listeriosis 278 Anthrax 279 Erysipelothrix Infections 280 Clostridial Infections 281 Diseases Caused by Non–Spore-Forming Anaerobic Bacteria 282 Neisseria Meningitidis Infections 283 Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Infections 284 Haemophilus and Moraxella Infections 285 Chancroid 286 Cholera and Other Vibrio Infections 287 Campylobacter Infections 288 Escherichia Coli Enteric Infections 289 Infections Due to Other Members of the Enterobacteriaceae, Including Management of Multidrug-Resistant Strains 290 Pseudomonas and Related Gram-Negative Bacillary Infections 291 Diseases Caused by Acinetobacter and Stenotrophomonas Species 292 Salmonella Infections (Including Enteric Fever) 293 Shigellosis 294 Brucellosis 295 Tularemia and Other Francisella Infections 296 Plague and Other Yersinia Infections 297 Whooping Cough and Other Bordetella Infections 298 Legionella Infections 299 Bartonella Infections 300 Granuloma Inguinale (Donovanosis) 301 Mycoplasma Infections 302 Diseases Caused by Chlamydiae 303 Syphilis 304 Nonsyphilitic Treponematoses 305 Lyme Disease 306 Relapsing Fever and Other Borrelia Infections 307 Leptospirosis 308 Tuberculosis 309 The Nontuberculous Mycobacteria 310 Leprosy (Hansen Disease) 311 Rickettsial Infections 312 Zoonoses 313 Actinomycosis 314 Nocardiosis FUNGUS 315 Systemic Antifungal Agents 316 Endemic Mycoses 317 Cryptococcosis 318 Candidiasis 319 Aspergillosis 320 Mucormycosis 321 Pneumocystis Pneumonia 322 Mycetoma and Dematiaceous Fungal Infections PARASITES 323 Antiparasitic Therapy 324 Malaria 325 African Sleeping Sickness 326 Chagas Disease 327 Leishmaniasis 328 Toxoplasmosis 329 Cryptosporidiosis 330 Giardiasis 331 Amebiasis 332 Babesiosis and Other Protozoan Diseases 333 Cestodes 334 Trematode Infections 335 Nematode Infections VIRUS 336 Antiviral Therapy (Non-HIV) 337 The Common Cold 338 Respiratory Syncytial Virus 339 Parainfluenza Viral Disease 340 Influenza 341 Adenovirus Diseases 342 Coronaviruses 343 Measles 344 Rubella (German Measles) 345 Mumps 346 Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr Virus, and Slow Virus Infections of the Central Nervous System 347 Parvovirus 348 Smallpox, Monkeypox, and Other Poxvirus Infections 349 Papillomavirus 350 Herpes Simplex Virus Infections 351 Varicella-Zoster Virus (Chickenpox, Shingles) 352 Cytomegalovirus 353 Epstein-Barr Virus Infection 354 Retroviruses Other Than Human Immunodeficiency Virus 355 Enteroviruses 356 Rotaviruses, Noroviruses, and Other Gastrointestinal Viruses 357 Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers 358 Arboviruses Causing Fever and Rash Syndromes 359 Arboviruses Affecting the Central Nervous System SECTION 25: HIV AND THE ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME 360 Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome 361 Immunopathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection 362 Biology of Human Immunodeficiency Viruses 363 Prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection 364 Antiretroviral Therapy for Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome 365 Microbial Complications in Patients Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus 366 Systemic Manifestations of HIV/AIDS 367 Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in HIV/AIDS SECTION 26: NEUROLOGY 368 Approach to the Patient with Neurologic Disease 369 Psychiatric Disorders in Medical Practice 370 Headaches and Other Head Pain 371 Traumatic Brain Injury and Spinal Cord Injury 372 Mechanical and Other Lesions of the Spine, Nerve Roots, and Spinal Cord 373 Regional Cerebral Dysfunction 374 Cognitive Impairment and Dementia 375 The Epilepsies 376 Coma, Vegetative State, and Brain Death 377 Sleep Disorders 378 Approach to Cerebrovascular Diseases 379 Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease 380 Hemorrhagic Cerebrovascular Disease 381 Parkinsonism 382 Other Movement Disorders 383 Multiple Sclerosis and Demyelinating Conditions of the Central Nervous System 384 Meningitis 385 Brain Abscess and Parameningeal Infections 386 Acute Viral Encephalitis 387 Prion Diseases 388 Nutritional and Alcohol-Related Neurologic Disorders 389 Congenital, Developmental, and Neurocutaneous Disorders 390 Autonomic Disorders and Their Management 391 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Motor Neuron Diseases 392 Peripheral Neuropathies 393 Muscle Diseases 394 Disorders of Neuromuscular Transmission SECTION 27: EYE, EAR, NOSE, AND THROAT DISEASES 395 Diseases of the Visual System 396 Neuro-Ophthalmology 397 Diseases of the Mouth and Salivary Glands 398 Approach to the Patient with Nose, Sinus, and Ear Disorders 399 Smell and Taste 400 Hearing and Equilibrium 401 Throat Disorders SECTION 28: MEDICAL CONSULTATION 402 Principles of Medical Consultation 403 Preoperative Evaluation 404 Overview of Anesthesia 405 Postoperative Care and Complications 406 Medical Consultation in Psychiatry SECTION 29: SKIN DISEASES 407 Approach to Skin Diseases 408 Principles of Therapy of Skin Diseases 409 Eczemas, Photodermatoses, Papulosquamous (Including Fungal) Diseases, and Figurate Erythemas 410 Macular, Papular, Purpuric, Vesicobullous, and Pustular Diseases 411 Urticaria, Drug Hypersensitivity Rashes, Nodules and Tumors, and Atrophic Diseases 412 Infections, Hyperpigmentation and Hypopigmentation, Regional Dermatology, and Distinctive Lesions in Black Skin 413 Diseases of Hair and Nails Appendix Reference Intervals and Laboratory Values Endsheet 5 To be the best doctor you can be, you need the best information. For more than 90 years, what is now called **____Goldman-Cecil Medicine____** has been __the__ authoritative source for internal medicine and the care of adult patients. Every chapter is written by acclaimed experts who, with the oversight of our editors, provide definitive, unbiased advice on the diagnosis and treatment of thousands of common and uncommon conditions, always guided by an understanding of the epidemiology and pathobiology, as well as the latest medical literature. But __Goldman-Cecil Medicine__ is not just a textbook. Throughout the lifetime of each edition, periodic updates continually include the newest information from a wide range of journals. Furthermore, Goldman-Cecil Medicine is available for all users of ClinicalKey, Elsevier's full library of subspecialty textbooks that can be accessed by readers who may want even more in-depth information.