Going Abroad: European Travel in Nineteenth-Century American Culture (Princeton Legacy Library, 5198)

In a nation struggling to establish its own identity, all kinds of Americans, for all kinds of reasons, were enchanted with Europe. A European trip, whether extravagant or modest, could serve social advancement, aesthetic enrichment, or personal curiosity. Travel allowed men and women, the descendants of European settlers or African slaves, to shed their familiar surroundings and comfortable personas, adopt new roles, and measure themselves against the European experience. These travelers were often also writers. Throughout the nineteenth century, celebrated authors and beginners alike published newspaper columns, magazine articles, guidebooks, travel essays, letters, and novels based on their European journeys. In Going Abroad, Stowe examines not only classic works by such writers as Irving, Fuller, Twain, James, and Adams, but also lesser-known works by African-American authors, journalists, feminist writers, and diarists. Travel and the writing of it were important, Stowe argues, in molding a peculiarly democratic, yet essentially class-based, sense of personal and group identity. Combining literary and cultural analysis, he suggests new ways of understanding nineteenth-century Americans' concept of their nation and its place in the world. Originally published in 1994. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905 Dedication 6 Contents 8 Preface 10 Acknowledgments 16 1 Americans Abroad 20 2 Travel as Ritual 33 3 Guidebooks: The Liturgy of Travel 46 4 Travel Chronicles: Testimony and Empowerment 72 5 Ralph Waldo Emerson: The Reluctant Traveler 91 6 Margaret Fuller and the Discourses of Travel 119 7 The Innocents in Europe: Twain, Travel Humor, and Masculinity 142 8 Henry James, or The Merchant of Europe 178 9 Henry Adams, Traveler 212 Afterword 238 Notes 240 Works Cited 258 Index 270