گودل، اشتر، باخ: یک بافت طلایی ابدی

A metaphorical fugue on minds and machines in the spirit of Lewis Carroll. This groundbreaking Pulitzer Prize-winning book sets the standard for interdisciplinary writing, exploring the patterns and symbols in the thinking of mathematician Kurt Godel, artist M.C. Escher, and composer Johann Sebastian Bach. By exploring common themes in the lives and works of logician Kurt Gödel, artist M. C. Escher, and composer Johann Sebastian Bach, the book expounds on concepts fundamental to mathematics, symmetry, and intelligence. Through illustration and analysis, the book discusses how, through self-reference and formal rules, systems can acquire meaning despite being made of "meaningless" elements. It also discusses what it means to communicate, how knowledge can be represented and stored, the methods and limitations of symbolic representation, and even the fundamental notion of "meaning" itself.Douglas R. Hofstadter is College of Arts and Sciences Professor of computer science and cognitive science at Indiana University and author of the Pulitzer-prize winning "Godel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid". Douglas Hofstadter's Book Is Concerned Directly With The Nature Of Maps' Or Links Between Formal Systems. However, According To Hofstadter, The Formal System That Underlies All Mental Activity Transcends The System That Supports It. If Life Can Grow Out Of The Formal Chemical Substrate Of The Cell, If Consciousness Can Emerge Out Of A Formal System Of Firing Neurons, Then So Too Will Computers Attain Human Intelligence. Gödel, Escher, Bach Is A Wonderful Exploration Of Fascinating Ideas At The Heart Of Cognitive Science: Meaning, Reduction, Recursion, And Much More. Part I: Geb. Introduction: A Musico-logical Offering (three-part Invention) ; The Mu-puzzle (two-part Invention) ; Meaning And Form In Mathematics (sonata For Unaccompanied Achilles) ; Figure And Ground (contracrostipunctus) ; Consistency, Completeness, And Geometry (little Harmonic Labyrinth) ; Recursive Structures And Processes Canon By Intervallic Augmentation) ; The Location Of Meaning Chromatic Fantasy, And Feud) ; The Propositional Calculus Crab Canon) ; Typographical Number Theory (a Mu Offering) ; Mumon And Godel -- Part Ii: Egb. Levels Of Description And Computer Systems (...ant Fugue) ; Brains And Thoughts (english French German Suite) ; Minds And Thoughts (aria With Diverse Variations) ; Bloop And Floop And Gloop (air On G's String) ; On Formally Undecidable Propositions Of Tnt And Related Systems (birthday Cantatatata) ; Jumping Out Of The System (edifying Thoughts Of A Tobacco Smoker) ; Self-ref And Self-rep (the Magnificrab, Indeed) ; Church, Turing, Tarski, And Others (shrdlu, Toy Of Man's Designing) ; Artificial Intelligence : Retrospects (contrafactus) ; Artificial Intelligence : Prospects (sloth Canon) ; Strange Loops, Or Tangled Hierarchies (six-part Ricercar). Douglas R. Hofstadter. Includes Index. Bibliography: P. 746-756. Preface to GB's Twentieth-anniversary Edition Overview List of Iustrations Words of Thanks Part I: GEB P-1 Introduction: A Musico-Logical Offering 3 Three-Part Invention 29 Chapter I: The MU-puzzle 33 Two-Part Invention 43 Chapter II: Meaning and Form in Mathematics 46 Sonata for Unaccompanid Achilles 6 1 Chapter III: Figure and Ground 64 Contracrostipunctus 75 Chapter IV: Consistency, Completeness, and Geometr 82 Little Harmoni Labrinth 103 Chapter V: Recursive Structures and Processes 1 27 Canon b Interallic Augmentation 1 53 Chapter VI: The Location of Meaning 158 Chromatc Fantas, And Feud 1 77 Chapter VII: The Propositional Calculus 1 8 1 Crab Canon 199 Chapter VIII: Typographical Number Theor 204 A Mu Offering 23 1 Chapter IX: Mumon and Godel 246 Vl ContentsPart II: EGB Pre lude . . . 27 5 Chapter X: Levels of Description, and Computer Systems 285 . . . Ant Fugue 3 1 1 Chapter XI: Brains and Thoughts 337 English French German Suite 366 Chapter XII: Minds and Thoughts 369 Aria with Diverse Variations 39 1 Chapter XIII: BlooP and FlooP and GlooP 406 Air on G's String 43 1 Chapter XIV: On Formally Undecidable Propositions of TNT and Related Systems 438 Birthday Cantatatata . . . 46 1 Chapter XV: Jumping out of the System 465 Ediying Thoughts of a Tobacco Smoker 480 Chapter XVI: Self-Ref and Self-Rep 495 The Magicrab, Indeed 549 Chapter XVII: Church, Turing, Tarski, and Otherc 559 SHRDLU, Toy of Man's Desiging 586 Chapter XVIII: Artificial Intelligence: Retrospects 594 Contrafactus 633 Chapter XIX: Artifcial Intelligence: Prospects 64 1 Sloth Canon 681 Chapter X: Strange Loops, Or Tangled Hierarchies 684 Si-Part Ric ercar 720 Notes 743 Bibliography 746 Credits 757 Index 759 Winner of the Pulitzer Prize A metaphorical fugue on minds and machines in the spirit of Lewis Carroll Douglas Hofstadter's book is concerned directly with the nature of "maps" or links between formal systems. However, according to Hofstadter, the formal system that underlies all mental activity transcends the system that supports it. If life can grow out of the formal chemical substrate of the cell, if consciousness can emerge out of a formal system of firing neurons, then so too will computers attain human intelligence. Gödel, Escher, Bach is a wonderful exploration of fascinating ideas at the heart of cognitive science: meaning, reduction, recursion, and much more. A scientist and mathematician explores the mystery and complexity of human thought processes from an interdisciplinary point of view This an enhanced version of this book. I have edited/changed almost every image which was almost impossible to see.