Globalization : The Essentials

__Essentials of Globalization__ is a highly useful compact edition of the author's full-scale textbook, __Globalization: A Basic Text__. The __Essentials__ is written in a style accessible to undergraduates, and draws on both academic and popular sources in its explanations. * A highly useful compact version of __Globalization: A Basic Text__, which contains the all major areas in an accessible and affordable format for undergraduate students * Develops a unique perspective on globalization early in the book and uses it throughout to orient and organize discussion of a wide range of topics and parts of the world * Integrated use of a wide array of sources, including empirical research, theories, newspaper and magazine articles, monographs, and popular books * Designed to work as a basic text in globalization courses, or as a supplementary text in courses that include globalization as one of several topics John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. GLOBALIZATION: THE ESSENTIALS 2 CONTENTS 8 PREFACE 14 CHAPTER 1: Globalization: Conceptualization, Origins, and History 16 CONCEPTUALIZING GLOBALIZATION 18 From “Solids” to “Liquids” 18 “Flows” 22 “Heavy” and “Light” 23 “Heavy” Structures that Expedite “Flows” 25 “Heavy” Structures as Barriers to “Flows” 27 Subtler Structural Barriers 31 ORIGINS AND HISTORY OF GLOBALIZATION 32 Hardwired 32 Cycles 33 Epochs 33 Events 33 Broader, More Recent Changes 35 CHAPTER SUMMARY 37 CHAPTER 2: Theorizing Globalization 43 IMPERIALISM 44 COLONIALISM 46 DEVELOPMENT 47 AMERICANIZATION 49 Anti-Americanism as a Global Process 51 NEO-LIBERALISM 52 Neo-Liberalism: Basic Ideas 55 The Neo-Liberal State 56 Critiquing Neo-Liberalism: Karl Polanyi 57 Contemporary Criticisms of Neo-Liberalism 59 NEO-MARXIAN THEORIES 60 Transnational Capitalism 60 Empire 62 CHAPTER SUMMARY 64 CHAPTER 3: Structuring the Global Economy 70 BEFORE BRETTON WOODS 71 A Prior Epoch of Globalization 71 Economic Development during and after WW II 72 BRETTON WOODS AND THE BRETTON WOODS SYSTEM 73 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 75 World Trade Organization (WTO) 76 International Monetary Fund (IMF) 76 World Bank 79 THE END OF BRETTON WOODS 81 CHANGES IN, AND CRITIQUES OF, BRETTON-WOODS-ERA ORGANIZATIONS 82 OTHER IMPORTANT ECONOMIC ORGANIZATIONS 87 THE MULTINATIONAL CORPORATION (MNC) 87 THE MYTH OF ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION? 90 CHAPTER SUMMARY 91 CHAPTER 4: Global Economic Flows 96 TRADE 97 Trade Surpluses and Deficits 97 Global Trade: Economic Chains and Networks 97 Global Value Chains: China and the US 99 Scrap metal 99 Waste paper 100 T-shirts 101 iPhones 102 INCREASING COMPETITION FOR COMMODITIES 103 THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF THE FLOW OF OIL 104 Oil Wealth 105 RACE TO THE BOTTOM AND UPGRADING 106 Upgrading in the Less Developed World? 107 OUTSOURCING 108 FINANCIAL GLOBALIZATION 110 The Great Recession 110 CONSUMPTION 113 Consumer Objects and Services 115 Consumers 115 Consumption Processes 116 Consumption Sites 116 Global Resistance 116 CHAPTER SUMMARY 117 CHAPTER 5: Global Political Structures and Processes 121 ON POLITICAL FLOWS 122 THE NATION-STATE 123 Threats to the Nation-State 124 Global flows 124 International human rights 125 “Shadows of war” 126 IN DEFENSE OF THE NATION-STATE 126 “IMAGINED COMMUNITY” 127 CHANGES IN GLOBAL NATION-STATE RELATIONS 129 UNITED NATIONS (UN) 132 United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) 133 United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) 133 International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) 133 GLOBAL GOVERNANCE 134 CIVIL SOCIETY 136 International Non-Governmental Organizations (INGOS) 139 CHAPTER SUMMARY 143 CHAPTER 6: High-Tech Global Flows and Structures: Technology, Media, and the Internet 148 TECHNOLOGY 149 Medical Technologies 150 Space-Based Technologies 151 Leapfrogging 151 India’s “One Lakh Car” (or NANO) 153 Problematic Technological Flows 154 MEDIA 154 Media Imperialism 154 “Media Were American” 155 New Global Media 156 Indymedia 157 Thinking about the Global Media 158 THE INTERNET 160 Online Social Networking 161 Spam 162 Computer Viruses 162 The Internet in China 163 CHAPTER SUMMARY 164 CHAPTER 7: Global Culture and Cultural Flows 168 CULTURAL DIFFERENTIALISM 170 Civilizations 170 CULTURAL HYBRIDIZATION 174 Muslim Girl Scouts 175 Appadurai’s “Landscapes” 176 CULTURAL CONVERGENCE 178 Cultural Imperialism 178 Indian sari weavers 179 Deterritorialization 180 World Culture 180 McDonaldization 182 McDonaldization, expansionism, and globalization 184 Beyond fast food 185 The Globalization of Nothing 186 Cricket: local, glocal, or grobal? 188 CHAPTER SUMMARY 189 CHAPTER 8: Global Flows of Migrants 193 MIGRANTS 194 MIGRATION 195 Flow of Migrants to and from the US 198 Illegal Mexican migrants to the US 198 Migrants through Mexico and to the US 200 Increased law enforcement 200 Flow of Migrants Elsewhere in the World 202 Illegal immigrants in Europe 202 Great Britain 202 Switzerland 203 Greece 204 Illegal immigrants in Asia 205 The Case Against the Backlash to Illegal Immigration 206 Remittances 209 Diaspora 212 CHAPTER SUMMARY 214 CHAPTER 9: Global Environmental Flows 219 DIFFERENCES AMONG NATION-STATES 222 COLLAPSE 222 THE LEADING ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS 223 Destruction of Natural Habitats 223 Decline of Fish 223 Decline in Fresh Water 224 The paradox of bottled water 226 Toxic Chemicals 227 Greenhouse Gases and Global Warming 227 Rising seas 228 Global warming and health 229 Population Growth 230 The Global Flow of Dangerous Debris 230 GLOBAL RESPONSES 231 Sustainable Development 231 Dealing with Climate Change 233 Carbon Tax 234 Alternate Fuels and Power Sources 235 Hybrid technology 235 Ethanol 236 Solar power 237 A Technological Fix? 237 Economic Issues 239 Opposing Environmentalism 239 CHAPTER SUMMARY 240 CHAPTER 10: Negative Global Flows and Processes: Dangerous Imports, Diseases, Crime, Terrorism, War 245 DANGEROUS IMPORTS 247 BORDERLESS DISEASES 248 HIV/AIDS 249 Avian Flu 250 SARS 251 Ebola Virus 251 Tropical Diseases in Europe 252 CRIME 252 TERRORISM 257 WAR 262 Global Military Structures 264 Technology 264 Information War 265 Cyber-War 267 THE IMPACT OF NEGATIVE GLOBAL FLOWS ON INDIVIDUALS 268 CHAPTER SUMMARY 269 CHAPTER 11: Inequality 275 GLOBAL INEQUALITY 276 “The Bottom Billion” 276 Migration 277 E-Waste and Inequality 278 Global Digital Divide 278 RACE AND ETHNICITY AND GENDER 279 Race and Ethnicity 279 Gender 285 Gender and the economy 286 Global care chains 290 Trafficking in the sex industry 291 Mail-order brides 292 Responding to and resisting global minority status: the case of women 292 RURAL–URBAN AND INEQUALITY 293 Rural 293 Urban 296 Cities: the main locus of global problems 298 CHAPTER SUMMARY 299 CHAPTER 12: Dealing with, Resisting, and the Future of, Globalization 306 DEALING WITH GLOBALIZATION 307 Dealing with the Global Economy 307 Protectionism 308 Fair trade 310 Helping the “bottom billion” 313 Dealing with Political Globalization 314 Accountability 314 Transparency 314 Transparency International (TI) 315 RESISTING GLOBALIZATION 316 Local Resistance 319 A Social Movement? 320 More Formal Social Movements 321 World Social Forum and Cyberactivism 321 Is the Resistance to Globalization Significant? 323 THE FUTURES OF GLOBALIZATION 324 A “Mad Max” Scenario 326 CHAPTER SUMMARY 327 GLOSSARY 332 INDEX 337 ISBN,9780470655603,(hardcover,:,alk.,paper),–,ISBN,9780470655610,(pbk.,:,alk.,paper)

Essentials of Globalization is a highly useful compact edition of the author's full-scale textbook, Globalization: A Basic Text. The Essentials is written in a style accessible to undergraduates, and draws on both academic and popular sources in its explanations.

• A highly useful compact version of Globalization: A Basic Text, which contains the all major areas in an accessible and affordable format for undergraduate students
• Develops a unique perspective on globalization early in the book and uses it throughout to orient and organize discussion of a wide range of topics and parts of the world
• Integrated use of a wide array of sources, including empirical research, theories, newspaper and magazine articles, monographs, and popular books
• Designed to work as a basic text in globalization courses, or as a supplementary text in courses that include globalization as one of several topics