Globalization of Mobile and Wireless Communications: Today and in 2020 (Signals and Communication Technology)

Globalization of Mobile and Wireless Communications is a collection of cutting-edge research in mobile and wireless communications with impact on developments as far forward as 2020 and beyond. The book draws upon the insights and performed research work of leading experts in the field. Topics of discussion are related but not limited to spectrum-efficient radio interface technologies, enabling technologies for reconfigurability, wireless sensor networks, cognitive networks, coherent wireless transmission, algorithmic design, middleware for novel services and applications. The material has been edited to provide a vision for the future of mobile and wireless, towards a dynamic communication system that breaks down the barriers between communications means; and evolves and integrates business models and culture to match the technological evolution. In addition, strategies on how to overcome the technological challenges for achieving that vision are also outlined. 19.1.2 Scenarios and Examples for Beyond 2020......Page 3 Subject Index......Page 7 19.2.2 Context Description and Semantics......Page 9 19.2.3 Appliance of Context Management Systems for the Global Business......Page 11 Professor Dr. Ramjee Prasad......Page 12 Dr. Tero Ojanperä......Page 13 References......Page 15 19.4.2 Adaptive Personalization......Page 19 Cover......Page 1 20.2 Source of the Problem......Page 2 Globalization of Mobile andWireless Communications:Today and in 2020......Page 4 20.3 Phase Lock Loop, Timing Recovery......Page 5 Acknowledgments......Page 10 Preface......Page 8 19.2 Context Management Systems......Page 6 Dr. Richard van Nee......Page 14 Contents......Page 16 19.4.1 Static Personalization......Page 18 Abbreviations......Page 20 19.5 Conclusion and Outlook......Page 21 19.3.3 The Business Aspects on Quality of Context......Page 17 References......Page 22 References......Page 23 1.1 Introduction......Page 24 1.2 Mobile Devices......Page 25 1.5 Sensors and Machines Become a Catalyst......Page 26 1.6 A Look to the Future......Page 27 1.7 Brief Overview of the Book......Page 28 2.1.1 Nokia Siemens Networks......Page 32 2.1.3 AT&T – Cingular......Page 33 2.1.6 SONY – Ericsson......Page 34 2.1.7 International Telecommunication Union – ITU......Page 35 2.3 Aspects of Globalization......Page 36 2.4 Network Sharing......Page 38 References......Page 41 3.1 Introduction......Page 42 3.2 Globalization of Mobile Communications: GSM and WLAN......Page 43 3.2.1 The GSM Case......Page 44 3.2.2 Meanwhile, WLAN Has Conquered the World.........Page 45 3.4 The World Is Not Online Yet.........Page 49 3.4.1 Africa Is Catching Up......Page 50 3.5 Conclusion......Page 51 4.1 Introduction......Page 53 4.2.2 The Second Generation (2G) Mobile Phones......Page 54 4.2.4 The Third Generation (3G) Mobile Phones [4]......Page 55 4.2.5 The Fourth Generation (4G) Mobile System [5]......Page 56 4.2.6.2 WiMAX......Page 57 4.2.6.4 VSAT......Page 58 4.3.2 The Growth Stimulant......Page 59 4.3.5 Mobile Network in Africa......Page 60 4.3.6 Wireless Internet [5]......Page 63 4.4 The Impact of Globalization to Africa......Page 65 References......Page 66 5.1 Introduction......Page 68 5.2 The History and Evolution of the Mobile and Wireless Communication Business Models......Page 69 5.2.1 Towards an Understanding of the Mobile and Wireless Communication ‘Business’ Model 2010 – from “As is Business Models”......Page 71 5.2.2 Definition of the ‘Business Model’ Concept......Page 73 5.2.3 Components of 2020 Business Models......Page 75 5.2.4 Is the Mobile and Wireless Communication Business Model New?......Page 76 5.2.5 Levels of Mobile and Wireless Communication Business Model Change......Page 78 5.2.6 Open Mobile and Wireless CommunicationBusiness Model......Page 79 5.3 Mobile and Wireless Communication as a Key Enabler to New Business Models......Page 80 5.4 Mobile and Wireless Communication a Move Toward a Process Enable New Business Models......Page 81 5.5 Discussion......Page 82 5.5.1 Building a Process to Mobile and WirelessCommunication Multi Business Model Innovation......Page 83 5.7.1 Future Thinking is also About Network-Based Mobile and Wireless Communication Business Model Platforms......Page 85 5.8 Conclusions......Page 87 References......Page 88 6.1 Introduction......Page 91 6.2 Assumptions......Page 92 6.3.1 Security/Privacy Services......Page 93 6.3.2 Trust Relationships......Page 94 6.3.3 Intruder Models......Page 95 6.3.4 Cryptographic Primitives and Key Sizes......Page 96 6.3.5 Near Future Options......Page 97 6.4.2.2 Cryptography......Page 98 6.4.5 Problems with NMT450......Page 99 6.5.2.1 Cryptography......Page 100 6.6.1 Maturing 3G (UMTS), Extensions to Provide 4G (LTE/SAE) Being Defined......Page 101 6.6.3 Trust in the UMTS Ecosystem......Page 102 6.6.4 The Intruder Today......Page 103 6.7.2 Trust in a Beyond 2020 Perspective......Page 104 6.7.3 The Intruder in a Beyond 2020 Scenario......Page 105 6.7.4 Cryptographic Tools and Security Services in 2020 and Beyond......Page 106 6.8 Conclusions......Page 107 References......Page 108 7.1 Introduction......Page 110 7.2 Globalization of Wireless and Mobile Communications......Page 111 7.3 Globalization of Internet......Page 113 7.4.1 Driving Forces......Page 114 7.5.1 Denial of Service Attacks......Page 115 7.5.4 Privacy Threats......Page 116 7.6.1 Authentication Against Impersonation......Page 117 7.6.4 Anonymity for Privacy......Page 118 7.6.6 Trust......Page 119 8.1 Introduction......Page 121 8.2 IEEE 802.11n......Page 122 8.3 Preambles......Page 125 8.4 802.11n Transmitter......Page 127 8.5 LDPC Coding......Page 129 8.6 Space Time Block Coding......Page 130 8.7 Beamforming......Page 131 8.9 Use of 40 MHz Channels......Page 132 8.10 MIMO-OFDM Performance Results......Page 133 8.11 Conclusions......Page 135 References......Page 136 9.1 Introduction......Page 137 9.2 Wireless Access Systems in Year 2020......Page 138 9.3 Radio Resource Management (RRM) in Year 2020......Page 140 9.4 QoS Support in Wireless Access Systems in Year 2020......Page 143 References......Page 145 10.1 Introduction: The Constrained Wireless Evolution......Page 147 10.2.1 Linear and Non-linear Wireless Changes......Page 150 10.2.2 Clean-Slate Design is a Non-linear Change with a Very-Long-Term Impact......Page 152 10.3 Interference and the Future Regulations......Page 153 10.3.1 Network-Centered Rules to Access the Spectrum Commons......Page 155 10.3.2 Interference is Not Noise......Page 156 10.3.3 Interference as a Currency......Page 159 10.5 Conclusions......Page 160 References......Page 161 11.1 Introduction......Page 162 11.2 CDMA-OFDM Battle: Single Carrier with FDE as a Compromise......Page 163 11.2.1 Novel Multicode-CDMA Scheme with FDE......Page 164 11.2.2 OFDMA as an Instance of the Multicode CDMA Scheme with FDE......Page 166 11.2.3 IFDMA as an Instance of the Multicode CDMA Scheme with FDE......Page 169 11.3 Path Towards 4G and... Beyond?......Page 170 11.3.1 A Myth: OFDM Is More Flexible than CDMA......Page 171 11.3.2 Cognitive Radio and Millimeter Waves Communications......Page 172 References......Page 173 12.1 Introduction......Page 175 12.2 Challenges in Next Generation Networks......Page 176 12.3 Cognitive Radio: The Last Frontier of Spectrum Exploitation......Page 178 12.4 Open Issues in CR Technologies......Page 179 12.5.1 Cognitive Radio Model......Page 180 12.5.2.1 Fully Terrestrial Context......Page 183 12.5.2.2 Channel Model......Page 184 12.5.2.3 Mixed Terrestrial/Satellite Context......Page 185 12.5.3.1 Fully Terrestrial Context......Page 186 12.5.3.2 Mixed Terrestrial/Satellite Context......Page 188 12.6 How Game Theory Can Help Cognitive Radio......Page 190 12.6.1 Basic Elements and Different Types of Games......Page 192 12.6.2 Example of Application to Telecommunications......Page 194 12.7 Conclusions and Trends......Page 196 References......Page 197 13.1 Introduction......Page 200 13.2.1 Towards the “Real” 4G: IMT-Advanced......Page 202 13.2.2 CR from PHY Point of View......Page 203 13.3.1 Classification......Page 204 13.3.2 FSU......Page 207 13.4.1 Dynamic Radio Range......Page 208 13.5.1 Application of Machine Learning......Page 209 13.5.2 Combination of MIMO and Spectrum Pooling......Page 210 13.5.3 Policies......Page 211 13.6 Cognitive Radios in Beyond 2020......Page 212 References......Page 214 14.1 Introduction......Page 217 14.2 Telecom Scenario of India......Page 219 14.3 Auction Theory......Page 223 14.4 Prasad Auction Method......Page 225 14.5 Cellular Spectrum Slot Auction......Page 226 14.5.1 Open Incremental Method......Page 228 14.5.2 Single Sealed Bid Auction Method......Page 229 14.6 Implementation Issues......Page 230 14.7 Extensions and Future Auctions......Page 231 References......Page 233 15.1 Introduction......Page 236 15.2 Wavelets and Their Applications......Page 237 15.3.1 Semi-arbitrary Division of the Signal Spaceand Multi-rate Systems......Page 239 15.3.6 Power Conservation......Page 240 15.5 Objectives of the Wavelet Radio......Page 241 15.6.1 Spectrum Estimation – Gauge the Radio Spectrum Scenario and Perform Radio Scene Analysis......Page 242 15.6.3 System Reconfiguration......Page 244 15.7 Challenges in the Development of Wavelet Radio......Page 245 15.8 Conclusion......Page 246 16.1 Introduction......Page 249 16.2 Data Fusion and Filtering......Page 251 16.2.1 Non-Cooperative Approach......Page 252 16.3.1 Mobile WiMAX Localization......Page 253 16.3.2 Hybrid Mobile WiMAX/WiFi Localization......Page 256 References......Page 257 17.1 Introduction......Page 260 17.2 Harvester and Storage Models......Page 261 17.2.1.1 Rechargeable Battery......Page 262 17.2.1.2 Supercapacitor......Page 263 17.2.1.3 Hybrid Energy Storage Systems......Page 264 17.2.2 Energy Transducers......Page 265 17.2.3 MPP Tracking......Page 266 17.3.1 Processor......Page 269 17.3.2 Transceiver......Page 270 17.3.3 Sensor Device......Page 273 17.5 Routing Protocols for EHWSNs......Page 274 17.5.1.1 Multi-Hop-Based Schemes......Page 275 Duty-Cycle-Aware Routing Protocols for EHWSNs......Page 276 Communication Using Hybrid Energy Storage System (CHESS)......Page 277 17.5.1.2 Cluster-Based Two-Tier Architecture......Page 279 17.6 Conclusion......Page 280 18.1 Introduction......Page 286 18.2 Coherent Transmission System......Page 288 18.3 Optimal Weights Derivation......Page 289 18.4 Numerical Results......Page 292 18.6 A Realization Scenario for Coherent Transmission......Page 296 18.7 Conclusions......Page 297 19.1 Introduction......Page 298 19.1.1 Context Information and Context Awareness......Page 299 19.1.2 Scenarios and Examples for Beyond 2020......Page 300 19.1.3 Other Typical Examples of Context Information Types......Page 301 19.1.4 Increasing Competitiveness by Developing Intelligent Software......Page 302 19.2 Context Management Systems......Page 303 19.2.1 A Concrete Example of Context Management System for Personal Networks......Page 304 19.2.2 Context Description and Semantics......Page 306 19.2.3 Appliance of Context Management Systems for the Global Business......Page 308 19.3 Managing Distributed and Dynamic Context Information......Page 309 19.3.1.2 Timing Synchronization......Page 310 19.3.1.4 Inferred Context Information......Page 311 19.3.2 Dealing with Unreliable Information......Page 312 19.3.3 The Business Aspects on Quality of Context......Page 314 19.4.1 Static Personalization......Page 315 19.4.2 Adaptive Personalization......Page 316 19.4.3 Optimistic Versus Pessimistic Systems......Page 317 19.5 Conclusion and Outlook......Page 318 References......Page 319 20.1 Introduction......Page 322 20.2 Source of the Problem......Page 323 20.3 Phase Lock Loop, Timing Recovery......Page 326 20.4 Phase Lock Loop, Phase Recovery......Page 329 20.5 Phase Lock Loop, Frequency Recovery......Page 333 20.6 Conclusions......Page 334 References......Page 336 Author Index......Page 337 Subject Index......Page 343