Globalization and the Dilemmas of the State in the South (International Political Economy Series)

This project benefitted from the advice and assistance of numerous individuals to whom we would like to express our gratitude. We are especially indebted to Tim Shaw, the general editor of this international political economy series. Tim provided invaluable support and insight throughout each stage of this project. His mastery of the theory and practice of development, and careful attention to detail, greatly contributed to the overall success of the volume. Aruna Vasudevan, commissioning editor at Macmillan, was also instrumental in guiding this project to a successful conclusion. Her generous assistance and unwavering patience were greatly appreciated. We would also like to thank Karen Gould, Dean of Arts and Letters at Old Dominion University, who provided administrative support for this project. A research grant from her office helped finance the final preparation of this volume. Elaine Dawson, also with the College of Arts and Letters, provided copyediting and wordprocessing assistance. Her hard work was critical to the timely and successful completion of this volume. Keith Povey also contributed to the final preparation of this anthology. His close reading of the text and superb copyediting were immensely helpful. Additional assistance was provided by Lynn Allen, Supad Ghosh, Susan Kent and Susan Morris. The chapter by Christine Chin and James Mittelman was originally published in New Political Economy (vol. 2, no. 1 (1997), pp. 25-37). Because the authors treat many of the central themes of this volume, we felt inclusion of this article would enhance the overall coherence and unity of the project. We appreciate receiving permission to reprint this article from Carfax Publishing Ltd (P.O. Box 25, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX 14 3UE, United Kingdom), which publishes New Political Economy. Of course, this book would not have been possible without our superb group of contributors. Edited volumes can be a difficult undertaking without the full support and commitment of all those involved. Fortunately, our contributors were conscientious in the preparation of their chapters, flexible in adjusting their work to meet our needs, and exceptionally prompt in meeting our multiple requests. The fact that the project went from the idea stage to final production in little over a year is a testament to their remarkable responsiveness and cooperation. Globalization And The Developing World : An Introduction / Francis Adams, Satya Dev Gupta And Kidane Mengisteab -- For A Progressive And Democratic New World Order / Samir Amin -- Conceptualizing Resistance To Globalization / Christine B.n. Chin And James H. Mittelman -- The Essence And Appearance Of Globalization : The Rise Of Finance Capital / John Weeks -- Popular Resistance To Neoliberalism In Latin America / Richard Harris -- Economic Reform And Political Turmoil In Mexico / Francis Adams -- Reforming Cuban Socialism : State-society Dynamics / Susan Eckstein -- Globalization And South Africa's Transition Through A Consociational Arrangement / Kidane Mengisteab -- Avoiding Globalization : The State And Depoliticization In Nigeria / Julius O. Ihonvbere -- Ideology, Politics And Public Policy In Ghana : 1982-96 / W. Ofuatey-kodjoe -- Liberalization And Retrenchment In The Middle East And North Africa / Manochehr Dorraj -- Global Accumulation And Structural Adjustments In Iran / Behzad Yaghmaian -- Liberalization, Globalization And Inequality In South Asia / Mustapha Kamal Pasha -- State-socialist Transition And Labour Relations In China / Xiaobo Lu. Edited By Francis Adams, Satya Dev Gupta, And Kidane Mengisteab. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. "Global issues have become an increasingly vital part of environmental debates. They are closely interrelated with problems at local levels. In this wide-ranging study, Robert Boardman argues that investigation of environmental issues raises complex theoretical questions, and requires more sustained links between the natural and social sciences.". "In a closely integrated account of problems in critical ecological theory, Boardman draws extensively on current research in sociology, ecology, economics, the earth sciences and other disciplines. He suggests that ideas from these can be used to expand attention to and the understanding of environmental issues in international relations and international political economy, as well as in social theory more generally.". "The discussion identifies five main theoretical bases for these tasks. These are ecology and earth-system science; constructionist approaches; environmental ethics; micro-level research, particularly perspectives based on rational expectations and on agency; and governance. Connections among these are examined in the context of debates on economics globlization and ecological transformation."--BOOK JACKET. Front Matter....Pages i-xvii Globalization and the Developing World: An Introduction....Pages 1-13 Front Matter....Pages 15-15 For a Progressive and Democratic New World Order....Pages 17-32 Conceptualizing Resistance to Globalization....Pages 33-49 The Essence and Appearance of Globalization: The Rise of Finance Capital....Pages 50-74 Front Matter....Pages 75-75 Popular Resistance to Neoliberalism in Latin America....Pages 77-98 Economic Reform and Political Turmoil in Mexico....Pages 99-115 Reforming Cuban Socialism: State-Society Dynamics....Pages 116-132 Globalization and South Africa’s Transition through a Consociational Arrangement....Pages 133-151 Avoiding Globalization: The State and Depoliticization in Nigeria....Pages 152-167 Ideology, Politics and Public Policy in Ghana: 1982–96....Pages 168-187 Liberalization and Retrenchment in the Middle East and North Africa....Pages 188-213 Global Accumulation and Structural Adjustments in Iran....Pages 214-233 Liberalization, Globalization and Inequality in South Asia....Pages 234-250 State-Socialist Transition and Labour Relations in China....Pages 251-273 Back Matter....Pages 274-287 The Farm War of the early 1980s caused subsequent disruptions in world markets, conflicts among major governments and disagreements in international organizations. The Uruguay Round of GATT negotiations, ostensibly devoted to the new issues of globalization, dragged on from 1986 to 1993 in an attempt to end farm-subsidy battles. Wolfe shows how and why battles over agricultural protectionism were largely resolved through the Round, demonstrating that the global economy is not self-regulating; it needs institutions if it is to be stable. The Green Box, a core provision of The Agreement on Agriculture, shows how states can decide that certain types of policies should be immune from international regulation by the new World Trade Organization, an elegant compromise between the imperatives of responding to global change and maintaining democratic accountability. Wolfe's analysis will be helpful for planners of the next set of farm trade talks, due to begin in 1999, while the annotated text of The Agreement on Agriculture will be especially useful in introducing students to the complexities of trade policy The central objective of this volume is to examine the political implications of globalization for developing countries. Global economic integration poses a formidable dilemma for the Third World state. While there are compelling external pressures to liberalize domestic economies, market-oriented reforms threaten the economic well-being of various societal groups. Popular resistance to these reforms has been strong throughout the developing world. This book examines the political strategies employed by Third World governments to maintain reform programmes in the face of domestic opposition. State elites have adopted various political strategies designed to defuse opposition. These strategies have typically involved some combination of coercion and compromise. The contributors describe and explain variation in strategic choice cross-nationally. The book includes thematic chapters and detailed case-studies from Latin America, Africa, the Middle East and Asia List Of Tables And Figure -- Acknowledgements -- List Of Abbreviations -- Introduction: The Intersection Of Risk And Trade -- Science In The Regulation Of Risk : A Transatlantic Divide? -- Informal Trade Conflict -- Mad Cows And Transatlantic Trade Conflict -- Resolving Differences Over Stinky Cheese And Bothersome Beetles -- Formal Trade Conflict -- The Dispute Over Hormonal Cattle : The Lead Up To Ec-hormones -- Fearing Frankenfoods : Emergence Of Ec-biotech -- Disputing Chlorinated Chickens : The Politics Underpinning Ec-poultry -- Science And The Politics Of Transatlantic Trade Conflict -- Conclusions: Lessons For Trade Conflict -- Moving Forward -- Conclusions -- Notes -- Bibliography. David J. Hornsby, Senior Lecturer In International Relations, University Of Witwatersrand, South Africa. Includes Bibliographical References. Internationally the trade union movement is finding itself peripheralized by a series of mutually reinforcing processes - the ongoing world economic crisis; the uneven transition from an industrial to an information and service capitalism; the aggressive policies of neoliberalism; the collapse of communism and radical nationalism; the decline of the social-democratic or labour tradition - and by a globalization that undermines the nation-state to which union hopes have long been pinned. The editors argue that this crisis provides an opportunity for labour to recover or reinvent itself. They see this in terms of a labour response to the waves of energy coming from the new global social movements (women, ecology, human rights/democracy, and so on). Examines the political strategies governments of nonindustrialized countries are using to perpetuate deregulation and other economic changes necessary to join the global economy in the face of opposition from societal groups whose well-being is thereby being threatened. Mostly American political scientists present thematic chapters on the problem and the combination of coercion and compromise the governments tend to rely on, and case studies from Latin American, Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com) Sri Lanka is hailed internationally for its high standards of education despite rather modest levels of economic growth. Much of this achievement has been underpinned by economic revenues generated by the labours of the plantation community whose own achievements in education fell well below the national norm. In recent years, however, educational participation among this community has increased. Why, and how? A day in the life of Vickneswari provides the starting-point for an analysis of educational progress among the Tamil plantation community. The authors examine various aspects of Japanese financial markets. This analysis is interspersed with the relevant institutional/historical background on Japanese financial markets necessary for the non-specialist. Principal chapters include: an institutional overview; a chapter on the comparative costs of capital (both internationally and among Japanese firms); causes and implications of the high degree of financial intermediation in Japan; and an invaluable analysis of the most recent trends in the Japanese/Asian financial markets This book examines the effect of post-Soviet transitions on current problem solving trends with regards to world capitalism. The fall of Soviet communism left liberal capitalism as the dominant blueprint from which to construct economic development policies. Using Central Europe as an example it is shown that the application of the Western liberal-capitalist model has not been without its difficulties. This book endeavours to place the changes to the global political economy, since 1989, in a theoretical and historical context Globalization poses a formidable dilemma for the third-world state. While there are compelling external pressures to liberalize domestic economies, market-oriented reforms threaten the economic well-being of various societal groups. Popular resistance to these reforms has been strong throughout the developing world. This volume examines the political strategies employed by third world governments to maintain programs in the face of domestic opposition. "Many in South Africa have begun to cope with globalization, regionalization, a depleting ozone layer, new disease, rampant militarization, and structures of influence like race, class, and gender. In this book scholars present a wide variety of thoughts on the future of the region and the place of theory in helping us to understand the array of events characterizing the early 21st-century world."--Jacket Written in the context of contemporary theoretical debate in international political economy, this book overturns a number of myths about the political economy of trade in one of the oldest areas of industry. Yvon Grenier ; Foreword By Mitchell A. Seligson. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 215-218) And Index.