Globalization and Papua New Guinea: Ancient Wilderness, Paradise, Introduced Terror and Hell

This book aims to present a reality view for Papua New Guinea based on many years of first-hand field work and research accounts. It further assesses sustainability in the light of 47,000 years of a self-sustained type of civilization without bad global impacts. This book contrasts the modern sustainable development failures from the colonial times onwards, as promoted by the ‘western world’, namely Australia, the UK, EU and the U.S as well as Japan and now, China, in times of globalization, Trump’ism and royal governance (Papua New Guinea is still part of the British Dominion and of the Antarctic Treaty etc). This assessment and book is the first of its kind also employing modern data analysis, Landscape Ecology principles (patterns and processes, telecoupling) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with Open Access data focusing on ecological economics, marxism, socialism and contrasting it with current capitalism and neoliberalism that Papua New Guinea is fully exposed to. Throughout the 31 book chapters various aspects are covered how a further insistence on the ‘new’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and so-called Development Aid will result in unwanted side effects and perverse outcomes for Papua New Guinea and for the world in times of wider ‘global change’ and unprecedented man-made crisis. Preface Acknowledgements Contents About the Authors 1 Papua New Guinea (PNG)...The New Nation and a Global Experimental Sustainability Success of a Renewed Tribal Governance: Insights from a Widely Misunderstood Modern Control Study 1.1 Introduction 1.2 From Deep Time Until Just Very ‘Recently’: Over 47,000 Years Passed by and not Much Happened to PNG, or to the Earth! 1.3 The Zigzagging Path of ‘Modern’ Development Toward Progress, Chaos or Death? 1.4 PNG as an Experimental Case of a Remote Ancient Society and Nation Thrown into the International Community and its So-called Free Trade Market Scheme: How Does the Control Site Fare? 1.5 PNG as a Proclaimed Failed State, and Thus, a Failed Western Experiment 1.6 PNG as the Happy and Willing Resource Provider and Delivery Platform to the Outside World: Just another Failed Idea, Market and Mindset 1.7 What ‘Science-Based’ Policy Controls (Before-After-Control-Impact; BACI) Tell Us About the Western World: Clear Evidence for the PNG Case 1.8 PNG Forward, Back to the (Rasta) Roots References 2 The Land of Papua New Guinea: A Quick Conservation Reader for What CEOs and Directors Ought to Know 2.1 Introduction 2.2 (Foreign) Profits and the PNG Set up Mix Poorly 2.3 What Does the PNG Set up Mean for Modern Business? A Crash Course on PNG Etiquette Will ‘Crash’ 2.4 Beyond Just a PNG Factsheet, Some Quick Lessons from PNG’s Development References 3 The Oceans Surrounding Papua New Guinea: A Habitat View for Sustainable Fisheries and an Acknowledged Lack of Carrying Capacity Knowledge of the Ocean Ecosystem 3.1 Introduction 3.2 The Northern Ocean Side of PNG 3.3 The Eastern Ocean Side of PNG Mainland 3.4 The Eastern Ocean Side of PNG: Islands 3.5 The Southern Ocean Side of PNG 3.6 The South Western Ocean Side of PNG 3.7 Overall Oceanography 3.8 A Very Special and Endemic Marine Set Up in PNG, Including Benthos 3.9 Island Economics, Whales, Fisheries, Estuaries and Sustainable Oceans with MPAs? References 4 Deep Times of Papua New Guinea with Over 47,000* Years Nothing ‘Relevant’ Happening: Why It Matters for the World’s Future as a Leading Sustainable Steady-State Economy Role Model and a Sustainability Super-Nation References 5 Colonial After-Times in Papua New Guinea: Urgency for Repatriation, Biodiversity Compensation and Fair Treatment to Assure a Better Global Future 5.1 Introduction 5.2 The World’s Colonial Set up Provides Ongoing Patterns of ‘Modernity’ for a Tripple Whammy 5.3 Any Fairness by the Winners? What Court, What Judge and What Culture of Fairness? What Future Culture? 5.4 Enforced Industrial Unfairness Brought by Globalization and Its Neoliberal Market Capitalism Ongoing and into the Future: It Must Be Improved! References 6 Biodiversity of Papua New Guinea (PNG): Attempting a More Meaningful Conservation Description and Approach of Its Use, Co-evolution, Generic Status and Grim Outlook 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Birds: The Cheapest and Effective Conservation Platform Left Widely Unused 6.3 Widely Misunderstood Birds of Paradise (BoP) and Hyped World Records Lead the Way...into a Superficial World Audience Ignoring Conservation Reality? 6.4 Trees of PNG: Precious, not Surveyed, not Understood, Mis-labeled, Unpreserved but Dramatically Cut-Down all with the Global Community Watching and Consuming 6.5 Plant Overview: Power to the Flowers 6.6 Insects: An Overview and Description is Next to Impossible 6.7 Study Insects for What, How Done and for How Long? 6.8 Mammals of PNG: What This Species Group Really is About 6.9 Amphibians and Reptiles 6.10 Marine Biodiversity 6.11 Endemism and Its Centers 6.12 The Unknown, the Ecology and Toward a Better Nature-Environmental Relationship in ‘The West’ and Worldwide 6.13 Biodiversity Conservation Anyone, Done for Purely Commercial Reasons Adding to Mining, Oil and Gas Explorations and Foreign Wealth and Power? References 7 Papua New Guinea as a Global Sustainability Leader: Confronting Per Capita Metrics with GIS Layers and Social Engineering 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Papua New Guinea Compared with the Colonial Outside World 7.3 Reality View on PNG Metrics, Crime and Socioeconomics and Human Footprint 7.4 Education What for and for Whom? 7.5 Papua New Guinea as the Global Sustainability Leader and Role Model References 8 Fundamental Humanitarian Sustainability Issues in Papua New Guinea: SDGs and Global Top-Downs to Fail Us Further on Biodiversity and Wilderness Conservation with an Indigenous Vision 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Human Metrics in PNG: A Quick Selection of Artefacts? 8.3 Complex Lives, Complex Habitats, Urbanization and Being Embedded in the Ring of Terror from Abroad References 9 In Bed with a Big Bad Neighbor for Life: The Middle Power of Australia as a Domestic, Cultural, Political, Material and Environmental Sustainability Problem for Papua New Guinea and Beyond? 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Australia as a Middle Power 9.3 The Middle Power of Australia Leashes Out in Mean Terms 9.4 Australia and Its wider Environmental Problem 9.5 A Solution to the Australian Problem? References 10 Betel Nut, Coconuts/Copra, Chocolate, Strawberries, Coffee, Apples, Spam and Fish in Papua New Guinea: From Ancient Farming, Highly Bred Species and Sustainability Concepts over Diseases and DNA into Global Market Repercussions and Wholesale (Environmental) Bankruptcy 10.1 Introduction 10.2 A Selected List of PNG Farming Commodities 10.3 International Trading and Instability References 11 Papua New Guinea: Australia’s Failed Dream, Some Failed States and the Widely Acknowledged Outer Fascism 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Australia’s Environmental Problem Export 11.3 How Does that Link Directly to Papua New Guinea? References 12 Destruction by Mining and Drilling on a Global Scale, with Papua New Guinea Fully Embedded: A Meta-analysis Contribution About the Resource Curse, Global Bankruptcy, Destruction, Terror and Death Favors Mother Earth Concepts 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Papua New Guinea: “Just Mine It”? 12.3 The Generic Pattern of Mining: Hype, Transitional Ownership and Liability Questions, Money Elsewhere and the Locals Pay the Bills While the Environment and Social Fabric Gets Knowingly Destroyed, Long-Term 12.4 Obtaining the Public/Social License and Buy-In Widely Failed in PNG 12.5 A Reality Perspective Where PNG Stands After a Century of Mining: Mother Earth to the Rescue 12.6 Modern Life and Sustainability Do not Need Intense Mining: Where to Go Now with Mining and the Aftermath? References 13 Seafloor Mining Around Papua New Guinea: Just Another ‘Big Deal’ Gone Bust 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Mine and Drill PNG’s Seafloor for Real? 13.3 How Would Seafloor Mining Work, and Around PNG? 13.4 A ‘License to Play and to Kill’ Granted by a ‘modern’ PNG Government, UN International Seabed Authority and International Corporations (While Citizens are Excluded and a 47,000 Old Sustainable Culture Gets Overtaken) 13.5 PNG’s Seafloor Set up 13.6 The ‘Ocean Pump’ and PNG’s Sea Mammals, Shark Calling and Marine Ecology 13.7 PNG as a Special Case for Seafloor Mining and Seeing Its Negative Impacts References 14 “Come and Dive” in Papua New Guinea: Surfing, Reefs, Paper Park MPAs and Marine Conservation Issues in PNG Beyond Sharks, Whales, Crocodiles, Seagrass and ‘Developing a Resource’ 14.1 Introduction 14.2 What Do the ‘Sea Around Us’ Data Tell Us? A Nation-State Overfishes 14.3 Seagrass Anyone? 14.4 Come and See the Last Mangroves 14.5 Estuaries to Watch for 14.6 “Surf the Waves”, as a New Participator in the Neoliberal Utilization Scheme of the PNG Oceans 14.7 PNG as a Cheap Labor Operation for Diving and Surf Resorts and Others Work Places 14.8 Sustainable PNG as the Treasure Trove 14.9 Harvest a Crocodile, Eat a Dugong, Some River Dolphins and Others 14.10 And Where Are the Sharks Now? 14.11 “Come and Dive” to See the Deckchairs of the Titanic, in a Designated MPA and Outside... References 15 Timber and Forestry in Papua New Guinea: Still no Publicly Available Forest Inventory Data or Growth-and-Yield Tables Despite Google Earth, Microsoft Cloud, NGOs, International Development Aid, REDD, Satellites and Drones Applied Last Decade for a Science-Based Forestry 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Prime Forests of PNG: Something Very Different 15.3 What’s Simply Wrong with PNG Forestry: An Easy List 15.4 Why then Does PNG Still not Have a Sustainable Forestry Practice, Yet? 15.5 Going Indigenous—Decolonized—For a Meaningful Forest Sustainability in Papua New Guinea References 16 Papua New Guinea as a Paradise (of Weaponized Diseases): AIDS/HIV, African Swine Fever, Malaria, Avian Influenza, Weaponized Viruses and Wider Public Health? 16.1 Introduction 16.2 PNG as a Tropical Disease Player on the World Stage 16.3 Serious Health Risks in PNG and Their Handling 16.4 Some Major Disease Characteristics in PNG 16.5 PNG as the Evolving and Endless Global Disease Reservoir? 16.6 PNG as a Global Reservoir for Weaponized Diseases and a Spreader? 16.7 A Public Health Plan Improvement List for PNG: Get Rid of Aided One-Sided Economic Growth for an Assumed Stability, Learn More from Cuba and the Own History, and Roll Out a Sustainable and Effective Public Health Business Plan (‘OneHealth’) References 17 Papua New Guinea and Climate Change (and REDD/REDD+): The ‘Western Carbon Cult’ as a New Hostile Relationship that Was Friendly Though Throughout Most of Mother Earth’s History 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Papua New Guinea Will Be Hit Hard by Industrial Man-Made Climate Change Regardless 17.3 There Are no Winners: What Good Has Man-Made Climate Change to Offer for Papua New Guinea? 17.4 Thinking It Through in More Detail: Climate Change in PNG and What is to Come 17.5 Man-Made Climate Change Adaptation the PNG Way References 18 Direct Sustainability Impacts from the Australian Arc of Perceived Terror, Tyranny and ‘Development Aid/Help’ in Papua New Guinea and the Surrounding Region 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Papua New Guinea as an Equal and True Australian and Global Partner? 18.3 How Does Australia Achieve Terror, Outside of Australia? 18.4 What Terror Has Australia Already Inflicted onto Others? 18.5 How to Maintain, or End the Terror Toward, Peace in the wider Australian Sector References 19 Papua New Guinea’s Education, Science and Space Exploration: A Primer, and the Bad Role Models of Christianity and Oxford/Cambridge, Again, Calling for an Improved and Globally-All Inclusive STEM-Type Cybereducation for ‘the Bush’ and for Global Sustainability 19.1 Introduction 19.2 A Better World Through Better (Globally) Institutionalized and Certified Education? 19.3 Science Education in Papua New Guinea: The ‘Modern’ College and University Debt Conundrum Revisited with Public Sustainable Gardening 19.4 Some Options for a PNG Education Model from Looking Backwards to Move Forward at least another 47,000 Years: Indigenization of the PNG Curricular for the inclusive Online Delivery of Sustainable Gardening References 20 Case Study: The YUS (Yupno, Uruwa and Sam Rivers) Landscape, Huon Peninsula, in Papua New Guinea as an Ongoing and World-Leading Conservation Area Success Story Despite International Coffee and National Park Model Landgrabs 20.1 Introduction 20.2 What is YUS: A Baseline 20.3 Where YUS Currently ‘is’ 20.4 A Unique but Quite New Connection with YUS, Religion, Science and Coffee 20.5 How About the Role of Remoteness, Spirituality, the Cost of Fuel as Well as the Global Market and Its Repercussions? Can the Pink Disease and Coffee Bean Borer Destroy It All? 20.6 YUS Outlook References 21 Case Study on Outsider Impacts by Exploration, Mining, Science and western NGOs: An Honest Look at ‘Crater Mountain’ in Papua New Guinea 21.1 Introduction 21.2 Where and What is ‘Crater Mountain'? 21.3 Something Special About Crater Mountain?! 21.4 Nature, Harmony and Win–Win at Crater Mountain?! 21.5 Baseline Conflicts, and Intense Conflict, and Why It Broke Loose in Crater Mountain? 21.6 What is Crater Mountain Today 21.7 Crater Mountain Tomorrow? References 22 “Pacifism as a Western Pathology”? A Case Review of Bougainville Terror, Civil War and Independence, Civil Unrest, Missing Mining Impact Studies and Public Data, and Why the Nation Construct of Modern Papua New Guinea is Unsustainable and Could Fall Apart Soon Due Its Colonial Creators 22.1 Introduction 22.2 A Quick Recall of a Recently Independent Bougainville Island 22.3 A Closer Look at the PNG Fabric At-Large: A Global Showcase in Local Complexity for Governance of Land 22.4 A Closer Look at the Bougainville Conflict 22.5 Role of the Bougainville Environment 22.6 The Mine from Australia to Bring Bougainville and PNG Overall to Explosion? 22.7 Where Are Valid Impact Statements, Studies, Data and Policies? 22.8 Pacificism as a Pathology? 22.9 Bougainville: Plusses, Minuses, the Environment and the Future (Climate Change) References 23 Case Study of Urban Ecology: Who Runs the Shots in Port Moresby (POM)? An Attempted Exposure and Review of Cliques and Their Profiles in a Global Crime Hotspot 23.1 Introduction 23.2 PNG Cities 23.3 POM 23.4 Crime is Quite Simple... 23.5 POM Moves Forward Either Way References 24 ‘RAMU Sugar’ in Papua New Guinea from Fiji and Australia: ‘Take-Home’ Lessons from Another Perverted Project Based on the Neoliberalism Principle and Industrialization 24.1 Introduction 24.2 The Start of the Industry 24.3 The Boom-and-Bust Starts 24.4 Diseases Enter the Scene 24.5 Sugar Diversifies with Cattle 24.6 Add Some Water and Energy to the Mix for the Overall Non-Sustainable Footprint in an Otherwise Ancient Valley of Sustainability and Humanity 24.7 Global Commodity Markets Turn Violent 24.8 Oil Palms Added to Sugarcane and Cattle: How Bad Can It Get? 24.9 Where RAMU Sugar is Going? 24.9.1 Some Easy Take-Home Lessons References 25 Role of Outside Nations in Papua New Guinea’s Sustainability Model: China, U.S., UK, the EU, Russia, Australia, NZ and Japan Need Bob Marley and the Dalai Lama Coming to the Rescue 25.1 Introduction 25.2 Framework Changes and Shifting Baselines as the Rule 25.3 Modern PNG is Virtually not Independent nor a Democracy: Examples 25.4 Conservation Designed by the West Failing in the West, Failing also in PNG 25.5 Subsequent Environmental Policy Laws Designed by the West, Failing in the West, Failing in PNG also 25.6 Climate Change is not an Apparent Game-Changer for Power, but makes it Worse 25.7 The Global Powers Reflected in PNG and That Never Allowed PNG to Grow 25.7.1 England 25.7.2 U.S 25.7.3 Australia 25.7.4 EU (Germany, France, etc.) 25.7.5 Japan 25.7.6 China 25.7.7 Other Major Factors From Abroad: Western Religion but Taken Out by Bob Marley and Dalai Lama 25.8 The Old-New Colony Hardwired: Will PNG Ever Be a Self-sustained Democracy Safeguarding Its Trusted Wilderness Resources? References 26 Papua New Guinea from a Modern Anthropology Perspective: PNG 1, Western World 0. Bob Marley and the Tribes Remain the Judges to Follow 26.1 Introduction 26.2 PNG Breaks Anthropology? 26.3 From Anthropology to Paid Consultancy and Commercial Messages? 26.4 Should One be Anthropology-Phobic? 26.5 Human Diversity Beats Anthropology? 26.6 With Anthropology toward a Better World? 26.7 Some Main Tribes of PNG 26.8 What is a Tribe Anyways? 26.9 Human Diversity in Nature: Examples from PNG 26.10 What is and What Maintains the Human Diversity: Examples from PNG 26.11 Some Modern Aspects of Anthropology in Papua New Guinea and Beyond 26.12 What is the Wider Picture Regarding the Anthropology Question? What Can and What Does the West Really Learn from PNG? 26.13 Anthropology of the West Used to Study and Treat Yourself Instead: Using PNG also as the Control/Baseline. Something Really went Wrong with the Global Industrialized ‘Modern’ Society 26.14 Anthropology of Money and Mining, Anybody? Research Done thus far by the West and for the West (but not for PNG, Hardly with PNG or with Elite Anthropologists) References 27 Use of Over 100 Open-Access GIS Layers (‘Big Data’) and Their Analysis and Message for Papua New Guinea with Data Mining (‘Boosting’) to Overcome Data Gaps for a Robust Inference: Human Footprints (~Roads) of the Last 50 years Destroy a Civilization that is Over 47,000 years Old 27.1 Introduction 27.2 Methods 27.2.1 GIS Data and Handling 27.2.2 Unsupervised Classification and Supervised Classification 27.3 Results 27.4 Discussion Appendix References 28 Why Are There no Squirrels in Papua New Guinea? Insights from Predictive Models for a Vacant Ecological Niche of Global Relevance 28.1 Introduction 28.2 Methods 28.2.1 Global SDMs and Species Selection 28.2.2 PNG Zoom-In 28.2.3 PNG Model Assessment and Validation 28.3 Results 28.3.1 PNG Prediction of Squirrels 28.3.2 SDM Assessment and the use of a Proxy Species 28.4 Discussion Appendix References 29 A SWOT and PESTLE Analysis for PNG Using 132 GIS Layers: Such Data Cannot Lie 29.1 Introduction 29.2 Methods 29.2.1 SWOT Analysis 29.2.2 PESTLE Analysis 29.3 Results 29.3.1 SWOT Analysis 29.3.2 PESTLE Analysis 29.4 Discussion Appendices Appendix 29.1 List of 132 GIS Data Set and Their Attributes Appendix 29.2 List of 132 GIS Data Set and Their SWOT Values Appendix 29.3 List of 132 GIS Data Set and Their PESTLE Values References 30 Some Very Easy Lessons from Papua New Guinea’s “Garden of Abundance” for the Wider Global Good: Indigenous, Tribal and Marxist Views, Bob Marley as the Public Role Model, Destructive Neoliberalism, Reality and Understanding Globalization Failures Are not Rocket Science 30.1 Introduction 30.1.1 Are Ancient Societies (of PNG) Primitive? 30.2 Are Ancient Societies (of PNG) ‘Primitive’ and the Original Communist Life Forms? 30.3 Neoliberalism: An Awful Idea that Works Virtually Nowhere; Certainly not in PNG 30.4 The Reality and Globalization Failures in PNG and Elsewhere References 31 Bringing It All Home: Where on Earth is Papua New Guinea, Its Society, Their Environment and Well-Being Heading? Summarized Examples of Western Failure and ‘Forwards to the Roots,’ in Your Own Garden Without Social Engineering! 31.1 PNG People and Nature Will Come First, for a Long Time References Index