Globalization and Democracy in Southeast Asia: Challenges, Responses and Alternative Futures (Frontiers of Globalization)

This Book Questions Why Southeast Asian Nation States Are Struggling To Adopt Full-fledged Liberal Democracy And Attempts To Better Understand The Relationship Between Globalization And Models Of Democracy. Through Country Studies And A Comparative Analysis, The Chapters Offer Ideas As To How Globalization And Democracy In The Region Should Be Shaped In The Decades To Come. Country Studies Are Covered Mostly By Native Southeast Asian Scholars Who Analyse Recent Developments As Well As Specific Concerns That Have Arisen From Political Crises, Citizen Uprisings, Ethnic Identity Politics, Political Reforms, Social Justice And Inequality, And The Persistence Of The Political Elite. The Collection Highlights Factors Which Have Impacted The Different Regional And National Paths Taken Such As: The Legacy Of The Cold War, Rapid Economic Development And Liberalization, External Economic Globalization, The Important Role Of Informal Politics, Powerful Elites, And Weak But Emerging Middle Classes. This Book Will Be Of Interest To Scholars And Students Of Regional Studies Of Southeast Asia, Democracy, Sociology, Politics And Globalization Studies. Democracy Is Coming / Jan Nederveen Pieterse -- The Noisy Right And The Not-so-silent Moderates: Democracy And All That In Malaysia / Abdul R. Embong -- Singapore's Social Contract Trilemma / Lam Keong Yeoh, Hawyee Auyong, Andrew Zhi Jian Yeo -- The Afterglow Of Hun Sen's Cambodia? : Socioeconomic Development, Political Change, And The Persistence Of Inequalities / Sok Udom Deth, Daniel Bultmann -- Democracy And Middle Classes In Laos / Boike Rehbein -- Democratization In Vietnam's Post-Đổi Mới One-party Rule : Change From Within, Change From The Bottom To The Top, And Possibilities / Hai Hong Nguyen, Minh Quang Pham -- Emerging Democracy And Ethnic Identity Crisis In Myanmar / Zaw Aung -- Prosperity And Inequality In Metro Manila : Reflections On Housing The Poor, Climate Risk, And Governance Of Cities / Emma Porio -- The Triangular Relations Of Society-state-market : Social Problems In Indonesian Society In The Context Of Globalization / Francisia Sse Seda -- Thailand's Political Crisis: The Perplexities Of Democracy And Society / Chantana Banpasirichote Wungaeo -- Can Deliberative Democracy Be An Alternative For The Twenty-first Century? : A Case Study Of Thailand / Surangrut Jumnianpol, Nithi Nuangjamnong -- Online Social Surveillance And Cyber-witch Hunting In Post-2014 Coup Thailand / Conclusions: Globalization, Democracy And Challenges / Chantana Banpasirichote Wungaeo. Chantana Banpasirichote Wungaeo, Boike Rehbein, Surichai Wun'gaeo, Editors. Includes Bibliographical References And Indexes. Contents 6 Notes on Contributors 10 List of Figures 14 List of Tables 16 1: Introduction 17 Democracy 18 Southeast Asia 21 The Book Chapters 23 References 28 Part I: Democracy and Globalization 30 2: Democracy Is Coming 31 East Asian Developmental States 34 Democracy in Southeast Asia 36 The Middle Class 39 The Governance Gap 44 Conclusion 50 References 52 Part II: Southeast Asia 56 3: The Noisy Right and the Not-So-Silent Moderates: Democracy and All That in Malaysia 57 Introduction 57 Democratization and Hybrid Regimes 58 Emerging Spaces, Diverse Groups, and the Noisy Right 60 Democratic Movement and the Rise of the Right in Malaysia 62 The Rise of Perkasa and ISMA 66 The Rise of the ‘Red Shirts’ 69 Concluding Remarks 71 References 73 4: Singapore’s Social Contract Trilemma 75 Singapore’s Social Contract Trilemma 77 Economic Competitiveness 78 Social Protection 80 Democratic Development 84 Reforms Needed 86 Social Protection 87 Democratic Reforms 90 Conclusion 93 References 95 5: The Afterglow of Hun Sen’s Cambodia? Socioeconomic Development, Political Change, and the Persistence of Inequalities 98 Introduction 98 Socioeconomic Development 100 The Changing Structure of the Economy 100 Urban Migrations and the Politicization of Garment Workers 102 Education Boom and Youth Bulge 103 Persistence of Inequalities and Roots of Conflict 106 Structure and Persistence of the Political Elite 106 Patron-Clientelism and Kleptocracy 108 The Emerging Middle Class and Limits to Mobility 110 Patterns of Political Change 113 Grassroots Movements: A Democratic Tale? 113 Youth and the Role of the Media 115 Conclusion: Strive for Paternalistic but Technocratic Governance 116 References 117 6: Democracy and Middle Classes in Laos 121 Background 123 Nationalism, Globalization and Social Structure 127 Civil Society, Middle Classes and Democracy 134 Conclusion 137 References 138 7: Democratization in Vietnam’s Post-Đổi Mớ i One-Party Rule: Change from Within, Change from the Bottom to the Top, and Possibilities 140 Introduction 140 Understanding the Concept of Đổi Mớ i 143 Economic Liberalization 144 Political Reforms 148 Emerging Civil Society 153 Concluding Remarks 156 References 158 8: Emerging Democracy and Ethnic Identity Crisis in Myanmar 165 Introduction: Myanmar—From ‘Outpost of Tyranny’ to Democratic Transition 165 From the Depayin Incident to the Roadmap Toward Political Transition (2003–11) 168 Myanmar Spring: Softening an Authoritarian Grip on Power 171 Opening the Political Opportunity Structure Results in Emerging Ethnic Identities 173 Bengali/Rohingya: An Old Conflict Reemerging in Transition 176 Conclusion: A Nation Struggling to Be a Democracy 180 References 182 9: Prosperity and Inequality in Metro Manila: Reflections on Housing the Poor, Climate Risk, and Governance of Cities 184 Introduction 184 Economic Growth, Urban Development, and Disaster Risk 186 Socioeconomic Performance, Poverty, and Inequality 188 Metro Manila: Growth, Governance, and Disaster Risk 190 Sociopolitical Reforms in Urban Governance, Civil Society, and Social Housing 191 Democratization–Decentralization of Urban Governance and the Financing of Local Development 193 Reflections and Concluding Comments 200 References 202 10: The Triangular Relations of Society–State–Market: Social Problems in Indonesian Society in the Context of Globalization 205 Introduction: The Society–State–Market Triangle 205 Conceptual Issues: Nationalism and the Nation-State in the Context of the Society–State–Market Triangle 206 Nation-State Nationalism and the Struggle between Global Market and Local Community 208 Cultural Ties, Indonesian Nationalism and ‘Cultural Resilience’ 210 Environmental Damage 211 Conclusion: What About Pancasila? 215 References 216 Part III: Focus on Thailand 218 11: Thailand’s Political Crisis: The Perplexities of Democracy and Society 219 The Background 219 Reading Political Violence 223 Understanding Thai Democratic Politics 228 Interpreting the Crisis 232 Democracy and Distrust 234 By Way of Conclusion 238 Appendix 242 References 244 12: Can Deliberative Democracy Be an Alternative for the Twenty-First Century? A Case Study of Thailand 247 Introduction 247 Deliberative Democracy and the Systemic Approach 248 A Sketch of the Dynamics of Democracy in Thailand 251 Deliberative Practices in Thailand: Case Studies 253 Health and Reform Assemblies 253 Public Deliberation Initiatives for Peace and Political Reconciliation 258 Citizens’ Jury in the Deep South 258 Transformative Scenario Planning 259 A Series of Public Deliberations 260 Deliberation at the Local Level 263 Analysis and Conclusion 264 References 269 13: Online Social Surveillance and Cyber-­Witch Hunting in Post-2014 Coup Thailand 273 Background 274 Online Surveillance and Cyber-Witch Hunting 276 Case Studies in Post-2014 Coup Thailand 277 Cyber Scouts 278 The Kingdom’s Garbage Collector Organization 280 Zeroing-in Surveillance and Doxxing 283 Sasiwimol Patomwongfa-ngam 283 Aree 285 Jaruwan 287 Piya 288 Conclusion and Discussion 290 References 291 14: Conclusions: Globalization, Democracy and Challenges 293 What Kind of Globalization? 294 What Kind of Democracy? 297 Challenges 305 References 307 Name Index 309 Subject Index 312 Front Matter....Pages i-xv Introduction....Pages 1-13 Front Matter....Pages 15-15 Democracy Is Coming....Pages 17-41 Front Matter....Pages 43-43 The Noisy Right and the Not-So-Silent Moderates: Democracy and All That in Malaysia....Pages 45-62 Singapore’s Social Contract Trilemma....Pages 63-85 The Afterglow of Hun Sen’s Cambodia? Socioeconomic Development, Political Change, and the Persistence of Inequalities....Pages 87-109 Democracy and Middle Classes in Laos....Pages 111-129 Democratization in Vietnam’s Post-Đổi Mới One-Party Rule: Change from Within, Change from the Bottom to the Top, and Possibilities....Pages 131-155 Emerging Democracy and Ethnic Identity Crisis in Myanmar....Pages 157-175 Prosperity and Inequality in Metro Manila: Reflections on Housing the Poor, Climate Risk, and Governance of Cities....Pages 177-197 The Triangular Relations of Society–State–Market: Social Problems in Indonesian Society in the Context of Globalization....Pages 199-211 Front Matter....Pages 213-213 Thailand’s Political Crisis: The Perplexities of Democracy and Society....Pages 215-242 Can Deliberative Democracy Be an Alternative for the Twenty-First Century? A Case Study of Thailand....Pages 243-268 Online Social Surveillance and Cyber-Witch Hunting in Post-2014 Coup Thailand....Pages 269-288 Conclusions: Globalization, Democracy and Challenges....Pages 289-304 Back Matter....Pages 305-312