Global psychologies : mental health and the global South

"​This book critiques our reliance on Eurocentric knowledge in the education and training of psychology and psychiatry. Chapters explore the diversity of 'constructions of the self' in non-Western cultures, examining traditional psychologies from Africa, Asia, Australasia, and Pre-Columbian America. The authors discuss liberation psychologies and contemporary movements in healing and psychological therapy that draw on both Western and non-Western sources of knowledge. A central theme confronted is the importance, in a rapidly shrinking world, for knowledge systems derived from diverse cultures to be explored and disseminated equally. The authors contend that for this to happen, academia as a whole must lead in promoting cross-national and cross-cultural understanding that is free of colonial misconceptions and prejudices. This unique collection will be of value to all levels of study and practice across psychology and psychiatry and to anyone interested in looking beyond Western definitions and understandings. "-- Provided by publisher Foreword 6 Preface 8 Acknowledgements 10 Contents 11 Notes on Contributors 14 List of Figures 24 List of Tables 25 1 Introduction to Global Psychologies: Mental Health and the Global South 26 Background 26 Body of the Book 30 Conclusions 38 References 40 Part I Theoretical, Philosophical and Historical Contexts 43 2 Varieties of Global Psychology: Cultural Diversity and Constructions of the Self 44 Introduction 44 What Is Psychology? 46 The Hegemony of Western Psychology: Colonial and Postcolonial Selves 47 Self-Construction and Construal 49 Concepts of Self and Personhood in Non-Western Cultures 51 Postcolonial, Indigenous, and Postmodern Psychologies 55 Conclusion 56 References 57 3 Reflections on African and Asian Psychologies 61 Introduction 61 General Cultural Issues 62 Western Cultures 63 African Cultures 66 Asian Cultures 69 Holism 73 Spirituality 76 References 77 4 Contexts, Epistemologies and Practices of Global South Psychologies 80 Historical and Cultural Contexts 82 Epistemologies, Cosmologies and Worldviews 86 Practices and Principles of Global South Psychologies 88 Conclusion 92 References 93 Part II Traditions of Psychology in the Global South 96 5 African Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Healing Traditions 97 Introduction 97 Traditional African Cultural Worldview 99 Collectivism 99 Spiritualism 100 African Indigenous Health Care 102 African Personality Theory 104 The Concept of Health and Ill-Health 105 Traditional African Healing Strategies 111 Conclusion 114 References 115 6 The Self in Hindu Philosophies of Liberation 119 Introduction 120 The Self in the Sankhya Darshana 121 The Yoga Darshana 124 Self in the Vedanta Darshana 127 Unpacking Philosophies of the Self 129 Implications of Hindu Philosophies of the Self 132 References 137 7 Buddhist Orientations to Mental Health 139 The Four Noble Truths 143 Pratitya-Samutpada and the Anatman Doctrine 146 Mental Health in Buddhism 148 References 153 8 Psychology from an Islamic Perspective 156 Introduction 156 The Concept of al-Fitrah 159 The Nature of the Human Soul 160 Significance of the Heart, Intellect, and Free Will 162 The Concept of Man as a Small World 163 The Concept of Jinn, Satan, and Evil Eye 164 The Dynamics of Nafs, Aql, Ruh, and Qalb 165 Six-Step Model for Self-Improvement 167 Conclusion 168 References 168 9 Chinese Cultural Healing: Confucianism and Daoism 170 Cosmology of Daoism and Confucianism 170 Confucian Ethics for Ordinary People 172 Interaction Between Five Cardinal Ethics and Three Bonds 174 Self-Cultivation in Confucianism and Daoism 176 Daoists’ Contemplation 178 References 179 10 Indigenous Psychology in Aotearoa/New Zealand and Australia 181 Introduction 182 Indigenous Psychological Paradigms 183 Social and Political Determinants of Well-Being and Historical Trauma 183 Kaupapa Māori Psychology: An Indigenous Psychology 186 Australian Context and Emerging Therapeutic Knowledges 190 Social and Emotional Well-Being and Indigenous Therapeutic Knowledges 191 Conclusion 196 References 196 11 Respect and Relationship: A Perspective on Indigenous Mental Health from Turtle Island/North America 203 Preface (Julian Robbins) 203 Introduction 204 Oral/Aural Knowledge Traditions 205 Understanding Mental Well-Being from a Holistic Perspective 207 The Individual 207 The Community 208 Natural Law 209 Thoughts About Restoring Balance 211 Helping to Facilitate Healing: A Humble Role 211 The Sweat Lodge as a Tool for Restoring Mental Health and Well-Being 212 Conclusions 214 References 216 12 Healing Systems of the Mapuche People in Chile 218 Background 219 Concepts of Health and Illness 221 The Machi (Shaman/Traditional Healer) 224 Mapuche Healing 225 References 227 Part III Liberation Psychologies 229 13 Frantz Fanon’s Psychology of Black Consciousness 230 Background 231 Lived Reality of Blackness 233 Fanon as a Psychologist/Psychiatrist 235 Negritude 239 Emergence of Black Consciousness 240 Conclusion 241 References 242 14 Gandhian Philosophy for Living in the Modern World: Lessons from the Psychology of Satyagraha 244 Basic Tenets of Satyragraha 245 Choosing Between Violence and Nonviolence 246 Self-Control and the Role of Vows 247 Scripts and Schemas for Nonviolence 249 Anasakti, Aparigriha and Moral Inclusion 251 Role of Discipline and Physical Work in Promoting Satyagraha 253 Beyond Maslow to Ripening 254 Conclusions 255 References 256 15 The Black Consciousness Psychology of Steve Biko 259 Introduction 259 Steve Biko’s History and Thought 260 Key Elements of Black Conscious Psychology 263 Evolution and Development of a Relevant Psychology in SA 267 Conclusion 270 References 272 Part IV Contemporary Movements 275 16 Indigenous Psychologies and Approaches to Well-Being in East Asia 276 Introduction 276 East Asian Explanatory Models of Well-Being 278 The East Asian Concept of Relational Self 280 East Asian Indigenous Approaches to Well-Being 281 Conclusions 284 References 286 17 From Denial to Collaboration: Reflections on Shamanism and Psychiatry Based on a Case Study in Chile 291 Background of the Mapuche People 291 New Perspectives on Shamanism and Mental Health 292 Shamanism, Psychiatry and Individuals 296 Case-Study 297 Ana Story (Obtained in 1997 Through Personal Interviews with the Author) 298 The Mapuche Point of View 300 The Psychiatric Interpretation 301 Shamanism, Individuals, and Modernity 303 Machikutran: A Multidimensional Idiom 305 Conclusion 307 References 309 18 Contemporary Applications of Confucian Healing 311 Morita Therapy 311 Naikan Therapy 312 Constructive Living Therapy 313 Taoist Healing for Authentic Self 314 The Application of Daode Jing 314 Chinese Taoist Cognitive Psychotherapy 315 Conclusions 316 References 317 Author Index 319 Subject Index 328 Front Matter ....Pages i-xxix Introduction to Global Psychologies: Mental Health and the Global South (Suman Fernando, Roy Moodley)....Pages 1-17 Front Matter ....Pages 19-19 Varieties of Global Psychology: Cultural Diversity and Constructions of the Self (Laurence J. Kirmayer, Ademola Adeponle, Vivian Afi Abui Dzokoto)....Pages 21-37 Reflections on African and Asian Psychologies (Suman Fernando)....Pages 39-57 Contexts, Epistemologies and Practices of Global South Psychologies (Roy Moodley, Jan van der Tempel)....Pages 59-74 Front Matter ....Pages 75-75 African Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Healing Traditions (Olaniyi Bojuwoye, Mokgadi Moletsane-Kekae)....Pages 77-98 The Self in Hindu Philosophies of Liberation (Hillary Peter Rodrigues)....Pages 99-118 Buddhist Orientations to Mental Health (Hillary Peter Rodrigues)....Pages 119-135 Psychology from an Islamic Perspective (Amber Haque)....Pages 137-150 Chinese Cultural Healing: Confucianism and Daoism (Kwang-kuo Hwang)....Pages 151-161 Indigenous Psychology in Aotearoa/New Zealand and Australia (Waikaremoana Waitoki, Pat Dudgeon, Linda Waimarie Nikora)....Pages 163-184 Respect and Relationship: A Perspective on Indigenous Mental Health from Turtle Island/North America (Michael Thrasher, Julian Robbins)....Pages 185-199 Healing Systems of the Mapuche People in Chile (Ana Maria Oyarce)....Pages 201-211 Front Matter ....Pages 213-213 Frantz Fanon’s Psychology of Black Consciousness (Lewis R. Gordon, LaRose T. Parris)....Pages 215-228 Gandhian Philosophy for Living in the Modern World: Lessons from the Psychology of Satyagraha (Vinod K. Kool, Rita Agrawal)....Pages 229-243 The Black Consciousness Psychology of Steve Biko (Saths Cooper, Kopano Ratele)....Pages 245-260 Front Matter ....Pages 261-261 Indigenous Psychologies and Approaches to Well-Being in East Asia (Boon-Ooi Lee)....Pages 263-277 From Denial to Collaboration: Reflections on Shamanism and Psychiatry Based on a Case Study in Chile (Ana Maria Oyarce)....Pages 279-298 Contemporary Applications of Confucian Healing (Kwang-kuo Hwang)....Pages 299-306 Back Matter ....Pages 307-329 Annotation This book critiques our reliance on Eurocentric knowledge in the education and training of psychology and psychiatry. Chapters explore the diversity of 'constructions of the self' in non-Western cultures, examining traditional psychologies from Africa, Asia, Australasia, and Pre-Columbian America. The authors discuss liberation psychologies and contemporary movements in healing and psychological therapy that draw on both Western and non-Western sources of knowledge. A central theme confronted is the importance, in a rapidly shrinking world, for knowledge systems derived from diverse cultures to be explored and disseminated equally. The authors contend that for this to happen, academia as a whole must lead in promoting cross-national and cross-cultural understanding that is free of colonial misconceptions and prejudices. This unique collection will be of value to all levels of study and practice across psychology and psychiatry and to anyone interested in looking beyond Western definitions and understandings