Global-Local Tradeoffs, Order-Disorder Consequences: 'State' No More An Island? (Global Political Transitions)

In this book, ten substantive chapters examine how collisions between technological developments (globalizing forces) and thickening populist pressures (localizing dynamics) constantly keep reinventing the state in unforeseen and unpredictable ways. We learn of how international organizations have fared, and to what extent grass-roots grumbles have impacted big-picture developments in quite diverse parts of the world. Just placing unfolding crises under the microscope cannot but generate policy-solving observations. Treated in corresponding order, these crises revolve around adjusting international institutions; absorbing current populist outbursts; shifting from peacekeeping to peacemaking; spying in the global south; absorbing displaced persons; Rwandan land reform; pandemic and RMG readjustments; Bangladesh's democratic transition; Rohingyan-Syrian refugees; and Mexico's 1990s liberalization. Though overarching, observations in the book accent state strength battling with state porosity; the downward spiraling of global order; and the simple lack of any controlling mechanism against globalizing/localizing dynamics in the trenches of everyday life being matched by continued uncertainty on the analytical plane. A Professor of Global Studies & Governance, at Independent University, Bangladesh, Imtiaz A. Hussain previously worked in Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City (1995-2013) and Philadelphia University (1990-94). His books include: Glocal-Local Tradeoffs (2022); Rohingya Camp Narratives (2022); Transatlantic Transitions (2018), North American Regionalism and Global Spread (2015); Evaluating NAFTA (2013); Border Governance and the 'Unruly' South (2013); North America's Soft Security Threat (2013), Afghanistan-Iraq and Post-conflict Governance (2010); Impact of NAFTA on North America (2010); North American Homeland Security (2008); Running on Empty Across Central America (2006), and Globalization, Indigenous Groups, and Mexico's Plan Puebla Plan (2006). His articles can be found in Handbook of Global Security and Intelligence (2008), South Asian Survey (2008), Politics & Policy (2008), Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh (2006), and Norteamérica (2006). A recipient of over 12 international fellowships and 8 teaching awards, he graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1989 Acknowledgments 6 Praise for Global-Local Tradeoffs, Order-Disorder Consequences 7 Contents 8 Notes on Contributors 10 Abbreviations 17 List of Figures 20 List of Tables 21 List of Boxes 23 1 Globalization, Localization, and Leaky Umbrellas: Problematic Pot Pouri? 24 Puzzle 24 Literary Antecedents 26 Transitioning 34 Organization 35 Preview 38 Bibliography 42 2 Globalization, Governance, and New Institutionalism: Exploring a New “Developing World” Framework 45 Introduction 45 Contesting Globalization 47 Key Components of Globalization 53 The Growth of Global Finance 55 The Expansion of Markets 56 The Process of Privatization 56 The Political Transformation 57 Innovation in Communication and Information Technologies 58 Social Globalization 58 Meaning and Scope of Domestic Governance 60 Scope of Domestic Governance 60 A Conventional View of Domestic Governance 62 New Institutionalism and Domestic Governance 63 Toward a General Framework of Analysis 66 Conclusion 70 Bibliography 77 3 The Growth of Populism and Populist Publics: Globalization Under the Gun? 82 Introduction: “Little People and Big Emotions” 82 Populism—The Rise of the “Little People” 84 From Localization and Globalization to De-globalization? 86 Unfolding Populism 88 Populist De-globalization? A Fresh Analysis on How Populism Operates Today 93 Conclusion 98 Bibliography 105 4 From Peacekeeping to Peace Enforcement Operations: What Next? 110 Introduction 110 UN Peace Support Missions: Global Purpose, Historical Context 111 From Peacekeeping to Peace Enforcement: Understanding Transformation Trends 115 Challenges of Peace Enforcement 117 Technology and U.N. Peace Support Operations 118 Regional Organizations & Peace Support Operations 120 U.N. and Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) 121 Where Is the Future: Context Matters? 123 References 129 5 Spying and Hidden Partnerships in the Global South: Bangladesh’s Case 132 Introduction 132 Analytical Framework 134 Levels of Analysis 134 Scope of Intelligence Cooperation 136 Theories of Intelligence Cooperation 138 The Bangladesh Intelligence Community 140 Intelligence Sharing Practices of Bangladesh 142 Bilateral Cooperation 142 Regional Cooperation 145 Multilateral Cooperation 146 Scope of Cooperation 147 A Neo-realist Explanation 151 Conclusion 153 Bibliography 163 6 Climate Change-Induced Displacement and the United Nations 170 Introduction 170 UNFCCC Principles and CDP Context 171 Principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR) 171 Principle of International Cooperation 172 International Normative Development and Internal Displacement Gaps 173 Mandate of the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) for CDP 174 Forward Path for CDP Protection 176 Conclusions 178 References 183 7 Rwandan Land-Tenure Reforms: Local Socio-Economic Impacts and External Inputs 186 Introduction 186 Land Tenure Regularization: Concepts and Debates 187 Research Questions 189 Data and Methodology 189 Study Methodology 189 Study Geographical Area 190 Findings 190 Systematic Registration and Formalized Land Market 192 Formalized Land Market 192 New Cadastral Arrangements 193 Lease Fee 193 Tax 195 Transformation in Agricultural Rental Activities 195 Access to Formal Credit 196 Impact on Household Income 196 Discussions 197 Formalization of the Land Market 197 Cadastral Arrangements Need: Further Alignment with Household Income 199 Landholder Confusion and Cadastre Measurement: Sensitization and Support Need 199 Agricultural Output and Food Security: Obstacles Remain 200 Conclusions 201 Appendix 7.1: Objectives, Study Areas 203 Bibliography 209 8 Ready-Made-Garments: Supply-Chain Management & COVID-19 Impacts 212 Introduction 212 Literature Review 215 Supply Chain Management’s Evolutionary Timeline 216 RMG Industry Supply Chain Management 217 Background of COVID-19 218 Methodology 219 Discussions 219 RMG Industry Impact of COVID-19 219 The Impact of COVID-19 on RMG’s Supply Chain 220 The Effects of COVID-19 on RMG Employees 221 Response of the Government 224 Considerations for Short-term and Mid-to-Long-term Action 224 Changing the Course of History 225 Conclusions 226 Bibliography 232 9 Sustainable Democracy, Economy, Youth: Leadership in Local–Global Contexts 237 Introduction 237 Sustainability and Sustainable Democracy 239 Sustainable Democracy and Equity 240 Democracy, Capitalism, and Socialism 241 Democracy and Economy 241 Youths in Democracy 242 Leadership and Democracy 243 Conclusions 244 Bibliography 245 10 Liberating Education and Awakening Refugee Consciousness: Insights from Rohingya–Syria Comparisons 246 Introduction 246 Education as Backbone of Race? 248 Empirical Background 250 The Rohingya Case 250 Education as a Sector in the Joint Response Plan 2020 251 The Syrian Case 252 Theoretical Contestation 260 Comparative Analytic Interpretations 261 Education Under Vulnerable Conditions and Awakening of Critical Consciousness 262 The Turkey Case 263 The Bangladesh Case 264 Identifying Generative Themes: The “Liberatory” Education Core 275 Conclusions 276 Bibliography 285 11 Globalization, Localization, and the 1990s: “Liberal” Hour Knocking on Mexico’s Door 289 Introduction: Revisiting “Sovereignty at Bay” Thesis? 289 Puzzle 290 Mexico at the Crossroads 292 Internal Changes: Context of 2000 Elections 292 Demands: Democratization Process 293 Media Utilization 294 Chiapas and the EZLN Uprising 299 Metropolitan Uprising, Countryside Discontent: Barzón and the Debt 301 External Changes: NAFTA, Dispute Settlement Arrangements, and State Obligations 302 Conclusions 312 Theoretical Reprise 313 Bibliography 324 12 Floating Frameworks and Precipitous Posturings: Post-Cold War Anarchy? 331 Introduction: Small Steps, Large Consequences 331 Theoretical Talk 337 Transitions as Global Mainstay? 337 Index 339 In this book, ten substantive chapters examine how collisions between technological developments (globalizing forces) and thickening populist pressures (localizing dynamics) constantly keep reinventing the state in unforeseen and unpredictable ways. We learn of how international organizations have fared, and to what extent grass-roots grumbles have impacted big-picture developments in quite diverse parts of the world. Just placing unfolding crises under the microscope cannot but generate policy-solving observations. Treated in corresponding order, these crises revolve around adjusting international institutions; absorbing current populist outbursts; shifting from peacekeeping to peacemaking; spying in the global south; absorbing displaced persons; Rwandan land reform; pandemic and RMG readjustments; Bangladesh's democratic transition; Rohingyan-Syrian refugees; and Mexico's 1990s liberalization. Though overarching, observations in the book accent state strength battling with state porosity; the downward spiraling of global order; and the simple lack of any controlling mechanism against globalizing/localizing dynamics in the trenches of everyday life being matched by continued uncertainty on the analytical plane. A Professor of Global Studies & Governance, at Independent University, Bangladesh, Imtiaz A. Hussain previously worked in Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City (1995-2013) and Philadelphia University (1990-94). His books include: Glocal-Local Tradeoffs (2022); Rohingya Camp Narratives (2022); Transatlantic Transitions (2018), North American Regionalism and Global Spread (2015); Evaluating NAFTA (2013); Border Governance and the 'Unruly' South (2013); North America's Soft Security Threat (2013), Afghanistan-Iraq and Post-conflict Governance (2010); Impact of NAFTA on North America (2010); North American Homeland Security (2008); Running on Empty Across Central America (2006), and Globalization, Indigenous Groups, and Mexico's Plan Puebla Plan (2006). His articles can be found in Handbook of Global Security and Intelligence (2008), South Asian Survey (2008), Politics & Policy (2008), Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh (2006), and Norteamérica (2006). A recipient of over 12 international fellowships and 8 teaching awards, he graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1989