Global forum on transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes peer reviews: Italy 2013 combined: phase 1 + phase 2, incorporating phase 2 ratings : November 2013 (reflecting the legal and regulatory framework as at March 2011)

This report contains Phase 1 and Phase 2 reports for Italy, now inorporating Phase 2 ratings. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. Fishing expeditions are not authorised but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction's legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined - Phase 1 and Phase 2 - reviews. The Global Forum has also put in place a process for supplementary reports to follow-up on recommendations, as well as for the ongoing monitoring of jurisdictions following the conclusion of a review. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports. For more information on the work of the Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes, and for copies of the published review reports, please refer to www.oecd.org/tax/transparency and www.eoi-tax.org. Read more...

Hailed as a means to transform cultural norms and change lives, violence prevention programs signal a slow-rolling policy revolution that has reached nearly two-thirds of young people in the United States today. Max A. Greenberg takes us inside the booming market forprogramming and onto the asphalt campuses of Los Angeles where these programs areimplemented, many just one hour a week for 12 weeks. He spotlights how these ephemeral programs, built on troves of risk data, are disconnected from the lived experiences of the young people they were created to support. Going beyond the narrow stories told about at-risk youth through data and in policy, Greenberg sketches a vivid portrait of young men and women coming of age and forming relationships in a world of abidingharm and fleeting, fragmented support.At the same time, Greenberg maps the minefield of historical and structural inequalities that program facilitators must navigate to build meaningful connections with the youth they serve. Taken together, these programs shape the stories and politics of a generation and reveal how social policy can go wrong when it ignores the lives of young people.

About the Global Forum -- Executive summary -- Introduction -- Information and methodology used for the peer review of Italy -- Overview of Italy -- Recent developments -- Compliance with the Standards -- A. Availability of Information -- Overview -- A 1 Ownership and identity information -- A 2 Accounting records -- A 3 Banking information -- B. Access to Information -- Overview -- B 1 Competent Authority's ability to obtain and provide information -- B 2 Notification requirements and rights and safeguards -- C. Exchanging Information -- Overview -- C 1 Exchange-of-information mechanisms -- C 2 Exchange-of-information mechanisms with all relevant partners -- C 3 Confidentiality -- C 4 Rights and safeguards of taxpayers and third parties -- C 5 Timeliness of responses to requests for information -- Summary of Determinations and Factors Underlying Recommendations -- Annex 1: Jurisdiction's Response to the Review Report -- Annex 2: List of all Exchange-of-Information Mechanisms in Force -- Annex 3: List of all Laws, Regulations and Other Material Received -- Annex 4: People Interviewed During On-Site Visit. This report contains Phase 1 and Phase 2 reviews of Iceland, now incorporating Phase 2 ratings. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflecte This report summarises the legal and regulatory framework for transparency and exchange of information in Italy as well as the practical implementation of that framework. It is reflecting the legal and regulatory framework as at March 2011